Objective. To identify the gender-related characteristics of bioelement status in Siberian adolescents with obesity. Patients and methods. The study included 240 adolescents aged 12 to 17 years living in the Siberian Region, predominantly in Irkutsk. The adolescents participating in the study were divided into groups with exogenous constitutional obesity (23 boys and 99 girls) and control groups with normal body weight (34 boys and 84 girls). Adolescents in the study and control groups were comparable in terms of age and presence of comorbidities. Parameters of bioelement homeostasis were determined by serum biochemistry and included the measurement of potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, chlorine, copper, zinc, and iron. Results. The analysis revealed the following serum values in Siberian adolescents relative to the reference range: in boys, the levels of magnesium were elevated by 3.65%, zinc – by 3.83%, phosphorus concentrations were decreased by 1.57%; in girls, the content of sodium was elevated by 0.27%, magnesium – by 7.31%, zinc – by 11.73%, calcium concentrations were decreased by 0.86%. In the presence of obesity, boys demonstrated an increase in phosphorus concentrations (p = 0.0001), while girls showed mixed bioelementosis in the form of elevated phosphorus concentrations (p = 0.001), decreased zinc (p = 0.039) and iron (p = 0.043). Gender-related differences in obese adolescents included higher potassium levels in males (p = 0.033). Conclusion. The prevention and correction of bioelement homeostatic disorders in the presence of obesity in Siberian adolescents requires a gender-differentiated approach. Key words: bioelements, gender differences, obesity, nutrition, adolescents

Objective. To reveal changes in lipid peroxidation parameters and antioxidant protection components against the background of standard non-pharmacological therapy for exogenous constitutional obesity in adolescents of different sex. Patients and methods. Forty-six adolescents aged 12–17 years with obesity were examined before and after non-pharmacological therapy. The control group included 36 healthy adolescents. We analyzed the composition of lipid peroxidation products – conjugated dienes (CD), ketodienes and conjugated trienes (KD and CT), TBA-active products and activity of antioxidant protection factors: total antioxidant activity (AOA), levels of α-tocopherol, retinol, reduced and oxidized glutathione (GSH, GSSG), their ratio (GSH/GSSG ratio), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Spectrophotometric and fluorometric methods were used. Results. Male adolescents with obesity had lower values of primary lipid peroxidation products compared to the control group – CD (1.35-fold, p = 0,001) and antioxidant protection factors: total AOA (1.16-fold, p = 0,036) and SOD activity (1.49-fold, p < 0.0001), whereas secondary products – KD and CT were elevated (1.42-fold, p = 0,046). Standard therapy in male adolescents did not lead to normalization of the studied parameters. Significantly lower were the values of total AOA (1.4-fold, p = 0.0001), SOD activity (1.42-fold, p < 0.0001) and α-tocopherol (1.33-fold, p = 0.012) in female adolescents with exogenous constitutional obesity compared to the control group. After standard therapy, there was an increase in GSSG levels (1.14-fold, p = 0.029). Conclusion. The presence of negative changes in the pro- and antioxidant status in adolescents with obesity, which was not normalized after a course of standard therapy, was shown. Additional pharmacological correction by prescription of antioxidant drugs becomes relevant. Key words: antioxidant protection, standard therapy, oxidative stress, adolescents, exogenous constitutional obesity

The paper describes two cases of human stomachic anisakiasis. The infection was got by eating low-salted fish. The authors point out high infectiousness of the fish and squid living in the Far-Eastern seas by nematodes of the Anisakidae family and give recommendations how to diagnose and cure this human disease.

BACKGROUND:To-day, obesity spreads dramatically fast all over the world not only among the adults but also among the children. According to the data available from the scientific literature, the number of adolescents suffering from obesity in Russia increased more than 1.5 times during the period from 2006 till 2015. The combination of non-drug therapeutic measures (including diet therapy, therapeutic physical exercises, and psychophysiological technologies) constitutes the basis for the treatment of obesity. Russia has gained a vast experience with the management of this condition with the use of natural and preformed therapeutic agents.AIM:The main objective of the present study was the comparative assessment of the effectiveness of the rehabilitation programs for the obese subjects with based on the application of alternative and complementary therapeutic modalities for the treatment of the adolescent girls with obesity.MATERIAL AND METHODS:The study included 86 girls with obesity at the age of 13-17 years who were randomly divided into 3 groups matched for the age and anthropometric characteristics. All the patients were prescribed a treatment course, including motivational training and aerobic exercise, in addition to the routine recommendations for the short-term modification of eating habits. The vacuum therapy was additionally included in the combined treatment protocol for the patients of the first group (n=28) while the patients of the second group (n=29) received the treatment in the spa capsule (SC) and the girls of the third group (n=29) underwent transcranial magnetic stimulation therapy.RESULTS:The analysis of the results obtained in this study has demonstrated a significant reduction of the body weight, waist and hip circumferences in the patients of all study groups (p<0.05). The comparison of these results with the baseline characteristics showed that the use of combined physiotherapy including the treatment in the spa capsule had significant advantages over local vacuum therapy in terms of weight dynamics (p=0.009), body mass index (p=0.009), hip circumference (p=0.019) and the chest skinfold thickness (p=0.02).CONCLUSION:The use of alternative and complementary therapeutic modalities in the combination with motivational training and aerobic exercises effectively contributes to the weight loss in the obese adolescent girls, with the combined pysiotherapeutic treatment having advantages over local therapy methods.

The problem of obesity is extremely relevant for modern medical science and healthcare, and child and adolescent obesity deserves special attention. It seems to be interesting to trace the interrelation of pathological processes in obesity in the form of metabolic disorders at the level of the organism and at the cell level - disorders in the system of lipid peroxidation. Studies in adolescent boys are relevant, as there has been a general increase in the incidence in this age category. The purpose of the research was to study the state of the system “lipid peroxidation – antioxidant protection” in adolescent boys with exogenous-constitutional obesity. 19 adolescent boys with obesity were examined in comparison with the control group. Spectrophotometric and fluorometric methods of examination were used. An increase in the level of secondary lipid peroxidation products – ketodienes and conjugated trienes (1.65 times) – was revealed in adolescent boys with obesity. In the antioxidant defense system, differences in this group included reduced values of α-tocopherol (1.42 times), retinol (1.51 times) and superoxide dismutase activity (1.19 times), in the absence of statistically significant changes in the total antioxidant activity (AOA) in blood and components of glutathione status. The revealed disorders allow to recommend the complex therapy including prescription of antioxidants and medicines directed on normalization of lipid exchange at the given category of patients.

UNLABELLED:Among the metabolic processes involved in the formation of physical and sexual development of adolescents recently the system of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant protection (LPO-AOP) supporting the redox state of organism and its adaptive response under the influence of different factors is highlighted.BACKGROUND:The aim of this work is an analysis LPO-AOP-parameters in adolescent girls of different groups of health depending on where they live.PATIENTS AND METHODS:We examined 143 girls aged 15-17 years who had the second and the third groups of health and lived in the village and the city. For assessment of LPO-AOP parameters spectrophotometric, spectrofluorometric and statistical methods were used.RESULTS:The combination of high concentration of unsaturated lipids with primary accumulation of lipid peroxidation products and the stable level of the end products of lipid peroxidation were found in girls rural both groups of health. State of the antioxidant defense system in girls of the village was characterized by a high content of its components, except for alpha-tocopherol. It concentration was reduced in girls of the third group of health. The levels of lipid peroxidation secondary intermediats were elevated and oxidized glutathione level was reduced in city girls of the third groups of health.CONCLUSION:The usage of oxidized glutathione for the prevention of exacerbations of chronic diseases in city girls of the third group of health is recommended.

We present the data on physical development, somatic pathology, reproductive disorders in children and teenagers from Tofalaria. Medical documentation and reports were analyzed, specialized surveys of children and teenagers by pediatricians, endocrinologist, gynecologist were carried out. Microscopy, oncocytology, PCR for detection sexually transmitted diseases (chlamidia, mycoplasma papillomavirus 16,18) and colposcopy were done in all teenaged girls. Evaluated morbidity was high. In indigenous Tofalaria population we found significant differences in rates of skeletal and conjunctive tissue disorders (incorrect posture, scoliosis, flatfoot) as well as endocrine disorders and nutrition (incorrect puberty, diffuse nontoxic goiter, growth retardation, hypotrophy). Reproductive health of girls in Tofalaria is characterized by early start of sexual activity, high number of abortion and high STD level and cervix condition is characterized by high rate of columnar epithelium ectopia to an ectocervix with often combination with inflammation. We suppose this situation as a consequences of its reproductive behavior. We believe that the target, long term program of educational, prophylactic and treatment efforts is needed to be developed for preservation of children and teenagers health in Tofalaria.

We studied physical and sexual development of schoolgirls living in Irkutsk. It was shown that somatic pathology plays important role in reproductive health development.