The contents and compositions of neutral and polar lipids and lipophilic compounds (LCs) from seeds of the halophyte endemic plant Zygophyllum oxianum Boriss. were established. Squalene was observed for the first time in lipids from seeds of a plant in the family Zygophyllaceae. The fatty-acid compositions of three lipid groups were dominated by linoleic acid (18:2n6). LCs from seeds of Z. oxianum at low doses were shown to stimulate growth and development of wheat sprouts under salt stress conditions and to promote in the sprouts elevated formation of total lipids and biosynthesis of arachidonic acid.

In 2022, under the conditions of the growing experience of the IHR of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan on plants Astragalus babatagi and Astragalus xanthomeloides, optimal sowing dates and options for seed treatment with plant growth regulators and organo-mineral fertilizer were studied. The positive effect of pre-sowing seed treatment was revealed, which significantly affected the increase in seed productivity and plant phytomass. It was found that pre-sowing treatment of Astragalus babatagi seeds with Uchkun plus, Floroxan and potassium Humate Prompter preparations contributed to an increase in seed yield from one bed by 1.0, 0.98 and 0.8 g relative to scarified seeds and an increase in phytomass yield by 189, 197 and 186 g, respectively. The increase in the yield of Astragalus xanthomeloides seeds from one bed in experimental versions using Uchkun plus, Floroxan and potassium Humate Prompter increased by 0.92, 1.05 and 0.62 g, respectively, compared with the “scarification” option, and compared with the control by 1.82, 1.95 and 1.52 g, respectively. The yield of phytomass increased by 53.7, 61.2 and 30.7 g relative to the variant of scarified seeds, whereas in relation to the control these indicators increased by 103, 110 and 79.8 g, respectively.

Mechanochemical modification of the substance of floroxan by the glycyrrhizic acid made it possible to increase the solubility of the preparation and expand the range and effectiveness of its action.

The aim of this work was that the studying the chemical composition of the n-butanol fraction of the extract of the aerial parts of Datura stramonium L. plants collected in the Fergana region of the Republic of Uzbekistan and investigation of its insecticidal activity against certain types of pests of the genus of Aphididae. It was found as a result of this study that the high efficiency of the n-butanol fraction of the extract of Datura stramonium L. against sucking pests of the genus Aphididae - Aphis pomi and Macrosiphum euphorbiae. Additionally, 10 mg/mL dose of this fraction also showed the first level activity with 98.5% against Macrosiphum euphorbiae. The level of mortality was lower at 1 mg/mL and 5 mg/mL concentration that 81.3% and 83.3%, respectively. The index was significantly low as a follows -15.1% for 1 mg/mL of the dose, 19.5% for 5 mg/mL of the dose, and 24.0% for 10 mg/mL of the dose when exposed to Schizaphis graminum. It was revealed that the n-butanol fraction of the extract of the aerial part of the Datura stramonium L. plant at a concentration of 1 mg/ml did not show phytotoxicity on the leaves of wheat, tomato, and cucumbers. The first time, it was established that 500 mu g / ml and 100 mu g/ml concentrations of the fraction showed 100% cytotoxicity against the cell line of maize deciduous scoops (Spodoptera frugiperda) under in vitro conditions and found to be non-toxic to ciliates (Paramecium caudatum) in 5 mu l of 10 mg/mL extract.

The content and composition of neutral lipids (NL), glycolipids (GL), phospholipids (PhL), and fatty acids (FA) from Chenopodium album seeds are established for the first time. NL contained 15 identified FA; PhL, 16; and GL, 19 constituents including trans-18:1n9. The stress-protective effects of NL, FA, methyl esters of FA, and unsaponifiable substances (US) on the growth and development of wheat and cotton sprouts were studied under salt stress conditions. NL at a concentration of 0.001% and US and FA at a concentration of 0.01% had the greatest effects on the growth of wheat roots. US at a concentration of 0.001% stimulated growth of roots and stems of cotton sprouts; FA, only growth of roots at a concentration of 0.0001%.

The constituent and fatty-acid compositions of neutral lipids (NL), glyco-, and phospholipids and the squalene contents in seeds and the aerial part of Amaranthus retroflexus were studied for the first time. Elaidic acid was observed in all lipid groups. The squalene content was 4.3% of the NL mass in seeds and 3.15% in the aerial part. Preliminary wetting of wheat and cucumber seeds in unsaponified substances, fatty acids, and their methyl esters obtained from A. retroflexus seeds at concentrations 0.001 and 0.0001% was found to reduce the inhibiting action of salt stress. Neutral lipids did not exhibit a protective effect.

Introduction. Lipids are a widespread group of biologically active substances in nature, making up the bulk of the organic substances of all living organisms. They accumulate in plants in seeds, as well as in fruits and perform a number of vital functions: they are the main components of cell membranes and the energy reserve for the body.Aim. Study of neutral lipids of sown oats (Avena sativa L.).Materials and methods. The objects of the study were fruits (grains) of oats of the sown variety "Tashkent 1," harvested in the Republic of Uzbekistan. Results and discussions. Neutral lipids of oat grains have been found to contain 13 fatty acids with a predominance of the sum of oleic, linolenic and linoleic acids. The total degree of unsaturation was almost 78%. Absorption bands characteristic of these substances were observed in the IR spectrum of MEGC.Conclusion. According to the results of the NL analysis, oat grains consisted of triacylglycerides and free LCDs, which were accompanied by hydrocarbons, phytosterols, triterpenoids and tocopherols.

Neutral lipids of oat fruits (Avena sativa L.) were studied varieties "Tashkent 1", harvested in the Samarkand region of the Republic of Uzbekistan.The study of the component composition of neutral oat lipids by TLC showed that they consist mainly of triacylglycerides and free FA, which were accompanied by hydrocarbons, phytosterols, triterpenoids, and Tocopherols.The study of the effect of heat and salt stress on the growth of wheat seedlings during pre-sowing treatment of wheat seeds with unsaponifiable substances of oat grain lipids showed that unsaponifiable substances of the studied object's lipids at a concentration of 0.0001% have a protective activity.

The chemical composition of CHCl3 extract of Phlomis linearifolia was investigated and it was determined that the main part of the extract is lipids. The experiments showed that chloroform extract of Ph. linearifolia consists of neutral lipids containing 14 fatty acids, glycolipids—13 fatty acids and phospholipids—12 fatty acids. Fatty acids 16:0 (52.46%) and the sum of 18:1 + 18:3 (16.32%) are dominated in neutral acid fraction. Fatty acids of glycolipid and phospholipid fractions are enriched with acids 16:0 (65.23 and 56.41%, respectively) and 18:0 (13.82 and 13.85%). The content of ω-6 linoleic acid is very low and forms less than 1% in neutral acid and glycolipid fractions and in phospholipid—10.37%. CHCl3 extract of Ph. linearifolia was studied on growth-stimulating activity on cultures of wheat and cotton in vitro. It was revealed that the extract of Ph. linearifolia has most activity to wheat. Length of the roots and shoots of wheat treated with 0.001% and 0.0001% extract exceeds the control values on 45% and 40.0% (for roots), and on 20.6% and 26.2% (for shoots), respectively.