The contents and compositions of neutral and polar lipids and lipophilic compounds (LCs) from seeds of the halophyte endemic plant Zygophyllum oxianum Boriss. were established. Squalene was observed for the first time in lipids from seeds of a plant in the family Zygophyllaceae. The fatty-acid compositions of three lipid groups were dominated by linoleic acid (18:2n6). LCs from seeds of Z. oxianum at low doses were shown to stimulate growth and development of wheat sprouts under salt stress conditions and to promote in the sprouts elevated formation of total lipids and biosynthesis of arachidonic acid.

Pulicaria salviifolia and P. gnaphalodes belong to one of the richest terpenoid plants of the genus Pulicaria (family Asteraceae). The genus includes 63 species, 16 species grow in Uzbekistan. In folk medicine, plants are actively used to treat various diseases, and have long been used as a natural remedy for mosquitoes, flies and fleas. Secondary plant metabolites are of great practical interest as a natural raw material for the creation of biopesticides. The aim of this work was to study the chemical composition of the volatile components of gasoline fractions of Pulicaria salviifolia and P. gnaphalodes plants and to study their insecticidal activity against the number of insect pests. For the first time, the composition of volatiles in the aerial parts of Pulicaria salviifolia and P. gnaphalodes was studied by GC/MS. It was revealed that the predominant components of P. salviifolia are β-terpineol (10.44%), isospatulenol (8.00%), iceol (6.79%), sabinene hydrate (5.72%), l-caryophyllene (4.24%), terpinene-4-ol (4.07%), d-cadinene (3.65%), α-amorphous (2.30%). Calaminene (12.44%), 2-phenylpyrazol-3-amine (8.61%), 1,3,5-cycloheptatriene (7.71%), 1,8-cineole (6.06%), 2-heptene dominate among the volatile substances of P. gnaphalodes-1-ol, 2-methyl-6-(4-methylphenyl)-, (E)- (6.04%), 1-bromohomoadamantane (5.73%), 7-acetyl-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-5-isopropylbicyclo[4.3.0]nonane (4.83%). Gasoline fractions of Pulicaria salviifolia and P. gnaphalodes were tested for insecticidal activity against apple aphid (Aphis pomi), peach aphid (Myzus persicae Sulzer) and cowpea weevils (Callosobruchus maculatus). An insecticidal activity was studied in laboratory conditions. A comparative study of the biological activity of the fractions showed that the biological efficiency of the P. gnaphalodes extract fraction after 24 hours at 0.5% concentration was higher: in relation to Aphis pomi 96.6%, Myzus persicae Sulzer – 76.0% and Callosobruchus maculatus – 90.0%, for the fraction of Pulicaria salviifolia extract in a 0.5% dose, these indicators were 60.2%, 72.0% and 86.6%, respectively.

The review highlights the current state of knowledge of the chemical composition of lipids in halophytic plants. The role of lipids and lipophilic substances of halophytes in protecting plants from the effects of stress factors of abiotic and biotic nature is shown. Data on the composition of lipophilic components of halophytic plants growing in the Aral Sea region and other regions of the republic are presented. The rich composition of fatty acids in lipids of seeds and aerial parts of halophytes is shown. The comparative composition of polyprenols of various cotton varieties depending on resistance to stress factors is given. It was revealed that pre-sowing treatment of seeds of cultivated plants with preparations based on the lipid components of halophytic plants increases their adaptive abilities. Based on the data obtained, the prospects of using halophytes as a source of biologically active lipids and lipophilic substances to protect plants from salinity stress are shown.

In 2022, under the conditions of the growing experience of the IHR of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan on plants Astragalus babatagi and Astragalus xanthomeloides, optimal sowing dates and options for seed treatment with plant growth regulators and organo-mineral fertilizer were studied. The positive effect of pre-sowing seed treatment was revealed, which significantly affected the increase in seed productivity and plant phytomass. It was found that pre-sowing treatment of Astragalus babatagi seeds with Uchkun plus, Floroxan and potassium Humate Prompter preparations contributed to an increase in seed yield from one bed by 1.0, 0.98 and 0.8 g relative to scarified seeds and an increase in phytomass yield by 189, 197 and 186 g, respectively. The increase in the yield of Astragalus xanthomeloides seeds from one bed in experimental versions using Uchkun plus, Floroxan and potassium Humate Prompter increased by 0.92, 1.05 and 0.62 g, respectively, compared with the “scarification” option, and compared with the control by 1.82, 1.95 and 1.52 g, respectively. The yield of phytomass increased by 53.7, 61.2 and 30.7 g relative to the variant of scarified seeds, whereas in relation to the control these indicators increased by 103, 110 and 79.8 g, respectively.

Abstract—The study explores the possibility of using the seeds of Crotalaria alata L. and Gleditsia triacanthos L. (Fabaceae) as a growth medium stabilizer for cultivation of microfungi. A synergistic effect was achieved when agar-agar was combined with galactomannans from Crotalaria alata and Gleditsia triacanthos, in a ratio of 1.5 : 4 : 1. Such a composition made it possible to obtain a solid growth medium, similar in consistency and color to 2% agar-agar medium. To establish biological parameters of the developed medium, the spores of microfungi Stachybotrys alternans Bonord. (Stachybotrys Cordа) и Fusarium oxysporum Schr f. vasinfectum Bilai (Fusarium), were plated on the surface of the growth media using inoculation needle and incubated in a thermostat at 25–26 °C. It was shown that partial substitution of agar-agar with galactomannans contributes to the active growth of the microorganisms. The growth of the Stachybotrys alternans and Fusarium oxysporum fungal colonies on the galactomannans growth medium surpassed the control on the fifth day by 37.2 and 31.5%, and on the seventh day – by 8.7 and 11.1% respectively.

—The study explores the possibility of using the seeds of Crotalaria alata L. and Gleditsia triacanthos L. (Fabaceae) as a growth medium stabilizer for cultivation of microfungi. A synergistic effect was achieved when agar-agar was combined with galactomannans from Crotalaria alata and Gleditsia triacanthos, in a ratio of 1.5 : 4 : 1. Such a composition made it possible to obtain a solid growth medium, similar in consistency and color to 2% agar-agar medium. To establish biological parameters of the developed medium, the spores of microfungi Stachybotrys alternans Bonord. (Stachybotrys Cordа) и Fusarium oxysporum Schr f. vasinfectum Bilai (Fusarium), were plated on the surface of the growth media using inoculation needle and incubated in a thermostat at 25–26 °C. It was shown that partial substitution of agar-agar with galactomannans contributes to the active growth of the microorganisms. The growth of the Stachybotrys alternans and Fusarium oxysporum fungal colonies on the galactomannans growth medium surpassed the control on the fifth day by 37.2 and 31.5%, and on the seventh day – by 8.7 and 11.1% respectively.

Lipids of air-dried leaves of the hemi-halophyte plant Limonium gmelinii (Willd.) Kuntze (Plumbaginaceae) growing on the dry bed of the Aral Sea were studied. The leaves contained neutral lipids (NL, 0.84% of the mass), glycolipids (GL, 1.78), and phospholipids (PhL, 0.74). The compositions of the lipophilic constituents of the NL and hydrocarbons were determined. Fatty acids of NL were dominated by 18:2n6 (53.45%); of GL and PhL, 16:0 (40.14 and 53.98%, respectively). The lipophilic constituents exhibited weak antifungal and high growth-stimulating and stress-protective activity under salt stress conditions.

Mechanochemical modification of the substance of floroxan by the glycyrrhizic acid made it possible to increase the solubility of the preparation and expand the range and effectiveness of its action.

The use of environmentally friendly growth regulators and micro fertilizers makes it possible to use energy-saving technologies and maximize the physiological capabilities of plants. At the Institute of Plant Chemistry named after Academician S.Yu. Yunusov, a biostimulator Uchkun was created, which has a low consumption rate and low toxicity. The drug increases the yield of many crops (cotton, wheat, etc.) and protects them from adverse conditions, increases the content of photosynthetic pigments in the leaves. The purpose of this work is to study the effect of pre-sowing treatment of pumpkin seeds of the Spanish-73 and Palov-Kadu-268 varieties with the Uchkun biological preparation and its composition with trace elements (Uchkun plus preparation) on the productivity and quality of seeds. It is shown that this composition contributed to an increase in crop productivity. When treated with the composition, the average weight of one fetus was 3.4 kg and exceeded the option without treatment (control) (2.8 kg) by 21.4%, when treated with a biostimulator Uchkun – 3.3 kg, which was 17.8% more than the control. The average increase in pumpkin yield during pre–sowing seed treatment with Uchkun plus was 10.1 t/ha compared to the control, whereas when exposed to Uchkun – 7.8 t/ha. In addition, it was shown that when exposed to a complex preparation, the quality of pumpkin seeds improved, the oil content and the total protein content increased, and the amount of unsaturated fatty acids increased.

The aim of this work was that the studying the chemical composition of the n-butanol fraction of the extract of the aerial parts of Datura stramonium L. plants collected in the Fergana region of the Republic of Uzbekistan and investigation of its insecticidal activity against certain types of pests of the genus of Aphididae. It was found as a result of this study that the high efficiency of the n-butanol fraction of the extract of Datura stramonium L. against sucking pests of the genus Aphididae - Aphis pomi and Macrosiphum euphorbiae. Additionally, 10 mg/mL dose of this fraction also showed the first level activity with 98.5% against Macrosiphum euphorbiae. The level of mortality was lower at 1 mg/mL and 5 mg/mL concentration that 81.3% and 83.3%, respectively. The index was significantly low as a follows -15.1% for 1 mg/mL of the dose, 19.5% for 5 mg/mL of the dose, and 24.0% for 10 mg/mL of the dose when exposed to Schizaphis graminum. It was revealed that the n-butanol fraction of the extract of the aerial part of the Datura stramonium L. plant at a concentration of 1 mg/ml did not show phytotoxicity on the leaves of wheat, tomato, and cucumbers. The first time, it was established that 500 mu g / ml and 100 mu g/ml concentrations of the fraction showed 100% cytotoxicity against the cell line of maize deciduous scoops (Spodoptera frugiperda) under in vitro conditions and found to be non-toxic to ciliates (Paramecium caudatum) in 5 mu l of 10 mg/mL extract.

The content and composition of neutral lipids (NL), glycolipids (GL), phospholipids (PhL), and fatty acids (FA) from Chenopodium album seeds are established for the first time. NL contained 15 identified FA; PhL, 16; and GL, 19 constituents including trans-18:1n9. The stress-protective effects of NL, FA, methyl esters of FA, and unsaponifiable substances (US) on the growth and development of wheat and cotton sprouts were studied under salt stress conditions. NL at a concentration of 0.001% and US and FA at a concentration of 0.01% had the greatest effects on the growth of wheat roots. US at a concentration of 0.001% stimulated growth of roots and stems of cotton sprouts; FA, only growth of roots at a concentration of 0.0001%.

The constituent and fatty-acid compositions of neutral lipids (NL), glyco-, and phospholipids and the squalene contents in seeds and the aerial part of Amaranthus retroflexus were studied for the first time. Elaidic acid was observed in all lipid groups. The squalene content was 4.3% of the NL mass in seeds and 3.15% in the aerial part. Preliminary wetting of wheat and cucumber seeds in unsaponified substances, fatty acids, and their methyl esters obtained from A. retroflexus seeds at concentrations 0.001 and 0.0001% was found to reduce the inhibiting action of salt stress. Neutral lipids did not exhibit a protective effect.

Relevance. In plant growing practice plant growth regulators based on plant substances are widely used. Plant polysaccharides are among the biologically active compounds that can be used as natural raw materials to create new drugs.Methods. The growth-promoting activity of galactomannans isolated from the seeds of the plants Crotalaria alata, Gleditsia triacanthos and Crotalaria sp. was studied on cotton and wheat crops when they were grown under saline conditions. The range of studied concentrations was in the range from 0.1% to 0.0001%. Presowing treatment was carried out for 18 hours, after which the seeds were germinated in Petri dishes with the addition of 1% NaCl saline solution at a temperature of 25 °C. The biological activity of polysaccharides was evaluated by the linear growth of aboveground and underground organs of seedlings. The results were statistically processed using the Original Pro program.Results. The studied substances have growth-stimulating activity, which depended on their origin and concentration. So galactomannan obtained from Crotalaria alata, under salinization conditions, had a positive effect on the growth of wheat root at 0.01% concentration, and from Gleditsia triacanthos at lower concentrations, 0.001% and 0.0001%. On the stem growth, the maximum effect was exerted by a substance isolated from Crotalaria alata in 0.01% and 0.001% doses. On cotton, stem growth was activated by the polysaccharide Crotalaria sp. in 0.0001% concentrations, the root is galactomannan Gleditsia triacanthos in 0.01% concentration.

Introduction. Lipids are a widespread group of biologically active substances in nature, making up the bulk of the organic substances of all living organisms. They accumulate in plants in seeds, as well as in fruits and perform a number of vital functions: they are the main components of cell membranes and the energy reserve for the body.Aim. Study of neutral lipids of sown oats (Avena sativa L.).Materials and methods. The objects of the study were fruits (grains) of oats of the sown variety "Tashkent 1," harvested in the Republic of Uzbekistan. Results and discussions. Neutral lipids of oat grains have been found to contain 13 fatty acids with a predominance of the sum of oleic, linolenic and linoleic acids. The total degree of unsaturation was almost 78%. Absorption bands characteristic of these substances were observed in the IR spectrum of MEGC.Conclusion. According to the results of the NL analysis, oat grains consisted of triacylglycerides and free LCDs, which were accompanied by hydrocarbons, phytosterols, triterpenoids and tocopherols.

Neutral lipids of oat fruits (Avena sativa L.) were studied varieties "Tashkent 1", harvested in the Samarkand region of the Republic of Uzbekistan.The study of the component composition of neutral oat lipids by TLC showed that they consist mainly of triacylglycerides and free FA, which were accompanied by hydrocarbons, phytosterols, triterpenoids, and Tocopherols.The study of the effect of heat and salt stress on the growth of wheat seedlings during pre-sowing treatment of wheat seeds with unsaponifiable substances of oat grain lipids showed that unsaponifiable substances of the studied object's lipids at a concentration of 0.0001% have a protective activity.

Phenylpropanoids 3,4-dihydroxy--phenylethoxy-O--L-arabinopyranosyl-(12)--L-rhamnopyranosyl-(13)-4-O-caffeoyl--D-glucopyranoside (1) and 3,4-dihydroxy--phenylethoxy-O--L-arabinopyranosyl-(12)--L-rhamnopyranosyl-(13)-4-O-feruloyl--D-glucopyronoside (2) were isolated for the first time during studies of the chemical composition of Ajuga turkestanica (Regel) Briq. callus tissue.