The chemical composition of Nigella sativa L. (black cumin) fatty oil was studied by gas chromatography with mass-selective detection in a search for promising antioxidant agents among edible vegetable oils with high contents of unsaturated fatty acids. Commercial products (Egypt, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia) had fatty-acid profiles dominated by essential fatty acids and were confirmed to contain essential oils. Considering these results, the antioxidant activities of the fatty-oil samples were compared using chemiluminescence. Black cumin fatty oil was proven to be capable of suppressing generation of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation in model systems. The antioxidant properties were most pronounced at a concentration of 5 mg/mL for a system simulating generation of reactive oxygen species and 1 mg/mL for a system simulating lipid peroxidation.

The article presents the results of studying the radio protective properties of alfalfa extract (dietary supplement "Erakond"). A decrease in the iron content in macrophages of the red pulp of the spleen was found experimentally using models of experimental radiation pathology induced by ɣ-irradiation of white rats in a single dose of 4 Gy at a dose rate of 1.7 Gy/min. The mechanisms of pathological processes in acute radiation pathology, leading to a decrease in the content of endogenous iron at the systemic, organ, cellular and subcellular levels, have been disclosed. Violation of the processes of enteral absorption of minerals as a result of pronounced destructive-inflammatory processes in the intestinal wall, damage to the hematopoiesis-inducing environment in the red bone marrow, inhibition of cytokine synthesis (IL-1, IL-3, IL-6, IL-7) and granulocytic macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) reduce the level of deposited iron in acute radiation pathology. In rats treated with 40 % "Erakond" aqueous extract before and after irradiation, there is a relatively high level of deposited iron in the spleen tissues in comparison with animals of the comparison group, which were on a general food ration.

A2:1 β-cyclodextrin – histochrome complex was synthesized based on a comparison with experimental studies of histochrome and showed antioxidant activity prolonged to 16 d as compared with 6 d for histochrome in tests of the duration of the in vitro antioxidant effect. PMR measurements proved that a β-cyclodextrin – histochrome complex formed. Computer modeling of the β-cyclodextrin–histochrome complex showed that the head-to-tail complex corresponded to the energy minimum.

Free radicals have taken a firm place among the explanatory principles of the onset and development of tumors. Unambiguous ideas about the role of these highly active agents in carcinogenesis have not yet been obtained. The experimental results are contradictory, often the opposite. The field of study of the value of the activity of antioxidant systems based on the results obtained is no less controversial. In this regard, the urgent problem is the need to prescribe antioxidants in oncology. Antitumor effects of antioxidants are being questioned in many works, which brings to the forefront the appropriateness and adequacy of their appointment. The ambiguous role of free radicals in carcinogenesis determines the development of therapeutic strategies based on the precise modulation of oxidative processes.

The high frequency of regional metastasis of oral cancer in the lymph nodes in the neck forms need to find new methods of informative assessment of lymph nodes of the neck. One of the promising methods for assessment of lymph node status is to study free radical oxidation by detecting chemiluminescence. The study of dynamics of chemiluminescence – the perioperative evaluation - allows us to estimate the depth of irregularities in the system of "free radicals- antioxidant protection." The rate of change of perioperative indicators chemiluminescence is a prognostic factor. The study of perioperative indicators chemiluminescence in 25 primary patients with cancer tongue has done. A slight change in the chemiluminescence (Δ chemiluminescence not more than 20.5%) is unfavorable.

Quercetin (Q) methyl ethers were synthesized from CH 3 I under various conditions. The principal products from the reactions of Q with alkylhalides (CH 3 I, C 4 H 9 Br) in DMF were 3,7,4′-tri-O-alkyl ethers. The structures of the products were confirmed by PMR and 13 C NMR spectra. The antioxidant activity of Q tetra- and tri-O-methyl ethers was demonstrated by chemiluminescence in model systems generating active oxygen species and promoting lipid peroxidation.

Objective of work: to study the peculiarities of intercellular substance metabolism of patients with osteoarthritis (OA) and connective tissue dysplasia (CTD).Materials and methods. 95 female patients with OA take part in the study; 70 of them have signs of CTD. Inclusion criteria: female sex, age from 20 to 60 y.o., OA diagnosed on the basis of criteria of the American Association of Rheumatology. Exclusion criteria: injury of the lower extremities in medical history, systemic connective tissue diseases, ovariectomy, prolonged (over 6 months) intake of glucocorticoid hormones. 50 almost healthy women were included into the reference group. Study of clinical phenomena of the CTD of patients with OA was performed, as well as the study of levels of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in the blood serum.Results. In 500 of patients examined, OA was revealed with 95 cases (19 %) including combinations with CTD in 70 cases (14 %). Polyosteoarthrosis was revealed with 38 (40 %) patients, isolated gonarthrosis was revealed with 30 (31.5 %) patients, coxarthrosis was revealed with 20 (21 %) patients, and osteoarthritis of ankle joints was revealed with 7 (7.3 %) patients. Increasing of the COMP concetration was revealed with patients with combined pathology of up to 24.15 ± 11.35 μm/l, with OA – up to 18.26 ± 6.35 μm/l, with CTD – up to 14.32 ± 3.96 μm/l. Maximum variability of indicators was marked in the group of people with the combination of OA and CTD. Serum GAG concentrations were increased with female patients with the combined pathology and isolated OA of up to 53.65 ± 21.5 and 46.96 ± 15.82 μm/l, respectively. No increasing of GAG concentration was revealed with patients with CTD.Conclusion. Increasing of the intercellular substance metabolism is observed with persons that suffer from CTD. To a greater degree, CTD affects the state of the fibrillar component of the intercellular substance as compared to its matrix component. Degradation of cartilage with patients on the CTD background is higher than of patients with isolated OA, which is expressed with the debut of disease at an earlier age. COMP is a sensitive marker of both OA and CTD, which allows considering it as a prospective marker for early laboratory diagnostics of these states, while serum concentrations of GAG do not display the peculiarities of the cartilage metabolism of persons that suffer from CTD.

The paper presents the results of the study of effects of the benzimidazole derivatives on the processes of free radical oxidation. It was found that benzimidazole derivatives could inhibit lipid peroxidation (LPO) and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the environment and were able to activate the generation of ROS in blood phagocytes.

The article presents the results of an experiment aimed to determine the antioxidant activity of bee products, such as alcoholic extracts of propolis and large wax moth larvae, as well as water extraction from a pharmaceutical form suppositories – containing these extracts. The results give evidence of preservation of the antioxidant activity of the components in their joint entry in the drug.

Relative antioxidant activity of new pyrimidine derivatives in three model systems: generating reactive oxygen species, a system modulating lipid peroxidation reactions, as well as phagocytic blood cells, has been studied by luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (ChL). A high antioxidant activity of methyl derivatives of pyrimidine containing hydroxyl group in position C5 has been found. Some of the newly synthesized pyrimidine derivatives were discovered to have a stimulating effect on phagocytosis. Establishment of patterns between the structure of new pyrimidine derivatives and their antioxidant properties have practical significance in terms of finding biologically active compounds and direct synthesis.

The effect of new uracil derivatives on behavioral reactions and free radical processes in the brain tissue, liver and blood of experimental animals has been investigated. It is shown that the substance 6-methyl-5-morpholino-1-(3-thietanyl) uracil caused an increase in orienting-research activities, a decrease of emotional anxiety, and increased the reserves of the phagocytes and antioxidant activity manifestation.

Many diseases and influence of environmental negative factors create favorable conditions for the violation of the free-radical oxidation. There is a need for the use of antioxidants with preventive and therapeutic purposes to maintain the velocity of the free-radical oxidation at an optimal level. In this connection there is an active search for antioxidants among herbal medicines and apiculture products.

The effect of tobacco smoke on the processes of free radical oxidation has been studied by detecting chemiluminescence in model systems that simulate the generation of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation. It was established that in the oral fluid of a smoker immediately after exposure to tobacco smoke luminol chemiluminescence is sharply suppressed but later it is followed by multiple amplification.