This article is devoted to the analysis of clinical characteristics of children with very low and extremely low body weight at birth, depending on sex, gestational age and body weight. The study included 434 children with gestational age less than 32 weeks, who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care (NICU), Tomsk Perinatal Center during the period of 2013-2014, medical information of which was collected retrospectively. As a result of the analysis, the majority of infants were found to have bronchopulmonary dysplasia, necrotizing enterocolitis, retinopathy ofprematurity, intraventricular hemorrhage and hemodynamically significant disorders of the cardiovascular system. The presence of pathological conditions, more were typical for the infant with birth body weight less than 1000 g, an increased likelihood of development of the each disease studied being more than 3 times. On the other hand birth weight more than 1000 g and gestational age greater than 32 weeks had a protective effect against the formation of pathological conditions studied. An analysis of odds ratios showed that in the case where birth weight less than 1000 g probability of the presence of any of the above pathological conditions, as well as comorbidity in the infant is above tenfold (OR 9,97; CI95% 5,0-19,8). In this regard, the provision of specialized medical care for pregnant women from high risk groups and search of technologies to prolong pregnancy until 32 weeks and/or weight of the fetus more than 1000 g and more is needed to improve the survival rates of preterm patients and prevent severe disabling conditions later.

Published studies on gender aspects of the natural course of asthma are controversial and do not give information on gender difference of asthma. However, most studies showed a gradual increase in prevalence of asthma symptoms and morbidity in girls. Gender difference in asthma course was shown in several studies. In patients older 40 years, asthma was confirmed in women significantly more often. Female gender was shown to be an independent risk factor of non-allergic asthma. Natural course of asthma in females was more severe than in males. Gender difference is also related to a rate of hospitalization due to asthma. Hospitalizations due to asthma and need in reliever medications are more often in boys younger 12 years and in girls after puberty. This tendency maintains in adults. According to this review, one can conclude that gender difference in the natural course of asthma appears in puberty and could be explained by gender difference in anatomy of the airways and endocrine system that could lead to more prominent bronchial hyperreactivity and, as a result, worse asthma control.

Published studies on gender aspects of the natural course of asthma are controversial and do not give information on gender difference of asthma. However, most studies showed a gradual increase in prevalence of asthma symptoms and morbidity in girls. Gender difference in asthma course was shown in several studies. In patients older 40 years, asthma was confirmed in women significantly more often. Female gender was shown to be an independent risk factor of non-allergic asthma. Natural course of asthma in females was more severe than in males. Gender difference is also related to a rate of hospitalization due to asthma. Hospitalizations due to asthma and need in reliever medications are more often in boys younger 12 years and in girls after puberty. This tendency maintains in adults. According to this review, one can conclude that gender difference in the natural course of asthma appears in puberty and could be explained by gender difference in anatomy of the airways and endocrine system that could lead to more prominent bronchial hyperreactivity and, as a result, worse asthma control.

Background. The adolescent period is characterized by the features of growth and development of the organism when the risk of a number of diseases increases under the conditions of hormonal adjustment and under the influence of environmental factors. Objective. Our aim was to determine the reference values of the main values of peripheral blood and the prevalence of anemia in adolescents residing in the territory of the Tomsk region. Methods. We studied the results of medical examination of children aged from 13 to 16 years. To determine the main values of the general blood test (erythrocytes, hemoglobin, leukocytes, erythrocyte sedimentation rate), an automatic hematological analyzer was used. Evaluation of physical development was carried out by standard methods. The analysis of the results was carried out considering the sex, living conditions, weight, height, and body mass index. Results. We analyzed the values of peripheral blood of 7,120 adolescents. Rated values corresponded to the conventional age norms. The hemoglobin level and the number of erythrocytes are associated with the body weight, height, and body mass index of the respondents. Anemia of varying severity was recorded in 618/7,120 (8.7%) adolescents. More often anemia was verified in rural areas (OR 1.52; CI 95% 1.28–1.80) as well as in females (OR 2.62; CI 95% 2.18–3.15). Conclusion. Regional features of peripheral blood values and the prevalence of anemia in adolescents of the Tomsk region have been determined.

The article is dedicated to the analysis to risk factors for having children with very low and extremely low birth weight, according to foreign cohort studies of newborns with different gestational age and weight, into electronic databases PubMed, Medscape. Results of the study showed that the maternal age, anthropometric indicators, education, work, somatic pathology, smoking, as well as drugs and alcohol during pregnancy are associated with a high probability of premature birth. Thus, in addition to the use of modern technologies of nursing infants with gestational age less than 37 weeks, which contribute to increasing the survival of low-birth-weight cohort of patients, it is necessary to carry out more thorough selection the group of women with a high degree of perinatal risk and risk of preterm delivery and provide full preventive care that will allow prevent the development of severe disabling diseases in the population of premature infants.

Analysis of features of physical and neuro-psychological development of children with low, very low and extremely low birth weight in different age periods is carried out according to cohort studies of newborns with different gestational age and birth weight, presented in electronic databases PubMed and Medscape. It is revealed that the overwhelming number of children with low, very low and extremely low birth weight, gain physical and neuro- psychological development impairments, hearing and vision disorders of varying severity, violation of motor function, intelligence and cognitive skills infringement in an older age. In this regard, it is actual not only to develop new neonatal reanimation and intensive care technologies, but also to ensure adequate prevention of preterm birth in the group of women with a high degree of perinatal risk. All this will further allow preventing increase in children with disabling conditions number among premature infants.

Согласно данным ряда исследователей, распространенность пищевой аллергии в мире составляет 2–6%, варьируя в зависимости от многочисленных факторов, включая пораженность населения гельминтными инвазиями. Сведения о распространенности пищевой аллергии в России основаны на данных официальной статистики. Настоящая работа выполнена в рамках «Исследования распространенности, социально-экономического значения и основ пищевой аллергии в Европе» («The Prevalence, Cost and Basis of Food Allergy Across Europe»; грант VI рамочной программы Евросоюза № FP 6-2006- TTC - TU -5 Proposal 045879 EuroPrevall). Цель исследования состоит в формулировке новой концепции пищевой аллергии у детей в мировом очаге описторхоза на основании эпидемиологического исследования распространенности, факторов риска, клинических особенностей болезни, а также в создании научной базы для разработки регламентов безопасности продуктов питания. Статья посвящена вопросам планирования и методологии исследования.

Accordingly to numerous surveys food allergy affects up to 2-6% of population in different countries and varies due to numerous factors including the prevalence of helminths infestation. The food allergy prevalence data in Russia are based on official medical statistics. The study was performed as part of "The Prevalence, Cost and Basis of Food Allergy Across Europe" (EU funded project No FP6-2006-TTC-TU-5 Proposal 045879 EuroPrevall). The aim is to create the concept offood allergy in children in opisthorchiasis endemic area based on epidemiological study of the prevalence, risk factors and clinical features. The main objective of the study will be the working out of the food safety regulations. This article describes the study design and its methodology.

The one step study was aimed at assessing of GINA knowledge in primary care doctors. The results demonstrated that the primary care doctors most often use GINA (2006) as source of information. But some systematic problems were revealed. Among them there is shortage of primary care doctors knowledge about modern asthma treatment approaches and low level of diagnostic equipment in primary care.

Over the recent years, standardised epidemiological studies of asthma and asthma'like symptoms in the population of children have been conducted. ISAAC (International Study of Asthma and Allergy in Childhood) questionnaire has been predominantly used as a tool to assess the prevalence of clinical implications and diagnosed conditions in children. However, this technique has limitations in terms of subject age (children aged 6–7 and 13–14). We have conducted a study on the prevalence of Asthma and allergy in adolescents (children aged 15–17) using the standardised GA2LEN (Global Allergy and Asthma European Network) questionnaire in two Russian cities from central region and Siberia (Moscow and Tomsk). It has been found that the prevalence of asthma'like symptoms in adolescents was three times the level of clinically diagnosed asthma, which accounted for no more than 7%, with this indicator having no variance depending on the region of residence. Key words: asthma, GA2LEN, prevalence, epidemiology, adolescents.

The one step study was aimed at assessing of GINA knowledge in primary care doctors. The results demonstrated that the primary care doctors most often use GINA (2006) as source of information. But some systematic problems were revealed. Among them there is shortage of primary care doctors knowledge about modern asthma treatment approaches and low level of diagnostic equipment in primary care.

Over the recent years, standardised epidemiological studies of asthma and asthma'like symptoms in the population of children have been conducted. ISAAC (International Study of Asthma and Allergy in Childhood) questionnaire has been predominantly used as a tool to assess the prevalence of clinical implications and diagnosed conditions in children. However, this technique has limitations in terms of subject age (children aged 6–7 and 13–14). We have conducted a study on the prevalence of Asthma and allergy in adolescents (children aged 15–17) using the standardised GA2LEN (Global Allergy and Asthma European Network) questionnaire in two Russian cities from central region and Siberia (Moscow and Tomsk). It has been found that the prevalence of asthma'like symptoms in adolescents was three times the level of clinically diagnosed asthma, which accounted for no more than 7%, with this indicator having no variance depending on the region of residence.Key words: asthma, GA2LEN, prevalence, epidemiology, adolescents.