The design and principle of operation of ILU-series industrial electron accelerators produced by the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics are considered using the examples of the ILU-10 accelerator with an accelerated-electron energy of 5 MeV and a mean beam power as high as 50 kW and the ILU-14 accelerator with an electron energy of up to 10 MeV and a beam power as high as 100 kW. The mechanisms of interaction between the electron beam and microbiological samples, the peculiarities of the depth profile of the absorbed dose in a substance, and the design of the electron-beam converter into bremsstrahlung are described. By using this converter, it is possible to increase the mass thickness of treated products several times compared to the electron mode. The throughput of ILU accelerators during radiation sterilization and electron pasteurization of products is estimated.

В данной работе представлены расчеты систем выпуска и поворота электронного пучка, разработанных для импульсных ускорителей электронов серии ИЛУ за последние годы. В частности, описана система сканирования пучка, отличительной особенностью которой от предыдущих аналогов является введение коррекции формы сканирующего магнитного поля. Приведены результаты испытаний данной системы на ускорителе ИЛУ-10 (5 МэВ, 50 кВт). Рассмотрена система выпуска пучка для ускорителя ИЛУ-14 (10 МэВ, 100 кВт), содержащая систему фокусировки пучка и коррекции его оси после выхода из ускоряющей структуры, а также выпускное устройство, позволяющее увеличить ширину сканирования пучка до 160 см. Также в работе описана система для поворота немонохроматичных электронных пучков, состоящая из двух магнитных зеркал, позволяющая компенсировать угловые расходимости пучка и получать после поворота электронный пучок с фазовыми характеристиками близкими к начальным. Приведены экспериментальные данные поворота электронного пучка на 180º.

.На ускорителе ИЛУ-6 в ИЯФе постоянно проводится радиационная обработка различных образцов. Основные направления работы: стерилизация и деконтаминация медицинской продукции, обработка пищевой и сельскохозяйственной продукции, исследование радиационной стойкости материалов, облучение биологических объектов, модификация органических соединений, в том числе энергонасыщенных, радиационная инициация полимеризации, радиационно-термическое воздействие на органические и неорганические соединения. На этой установке были отработаны процессы стерилизации имплантатов позвоночных дисков и радиационной модификации матриксов для имплантатов кровеносных сосудов. Диапазон рабочей дозы в экспериментах варьировался от 7 Гр при облучении мышей до 500 МГр при исследовании радиационной стойкости композитных материалов. При проведении радиационно-термических экспериментов максимальная температура в реакционной зоне достигла 1400°С.

В статье представлена работа стерилизационного комплекс ИЯФ СО РАН - НГУ созданного на территории ИЯФ СО РАН. Приводятся технические решения и параметры облучаемой продукции и дозные распределения. Так же представлены работы по отработке технологии стерилизации медицинских изделий. Затронуты вопросы обработки пищевых продуктов ионизирующим излучением. Представлены совместные с медиками новые разработки в области имплантологии и разработки нового биорезорбируемого гелевого носителя на основе хитозана.

Using the method of small-angle scattering of synchrotron radiation the thermal transformations of ε-form a hexaaminonitrowurtzitane crystals subjected to electron beam processing are studied. It is shown that the destruction of crystals treated with an electron beam begins significantly below the polymorphic transition point. An assumption was made about the effect of radiolysis products on the process of crystal destruction. A mechanism for the destruction of crystals is proposed.

Small-angle scattering of synchrotron radiation is used to study thermal transformations of ε-form hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane crystals subjected to electron beam processing. It is shown the destruction of crystals treated with an electron beam begins far below the point of the polymorphic transition. A conclusion is drawn about the effect products of radiolysis have on the destruction of the crystals. A mechanism of crystal destruction is proposed.

The device and principle of operation of the pulse modulator, which is the power-supply system for the ILU series accelerators, as well as some features that arise during its operation, are described. The modulator is a device that is a nonlinear load for the supply network, as a result of which, in all phases of the supply network, an asymmetry of the current form occurs over the period of the network. This leads to the appearance of a constant current component in the phases of the supply transformer. To solve this problem, current balancing of the start time of modulators was proposed. Using this method, it is also possible to equalize the values of effective currents in phases. Another problem is the possibility of the appearance of higher harmonics in relation to the supply frequency in the phases of the power-supply network. To reduce the values of higher harmonics, it is proposed to install additional inductances in each phase of the power-supply network up to the modulator, which makes it possible to reduce the harmonic coefficient by half.

A pulsed power supply based on capacitive storage with a partial discharge for high-frequency pulsed linear electron accelerators of the ILU type is described. The maximum output pulse voltage of the source is 36 kV at a load current of up to 250 A and a pulse duration of up to 1 ms, and a pulse repetition rate of up to 100 Hz. The source is built according to a relatively simple modular scheme and consists of ten modules connected in series. It was assembled and tested with a load connection in one module. The circuit provides uniform current consumption in all phases of a 380 V three-phase supply network.

The control and protection systems that have made it possible to create a unique 3-modulator pulse power supply for the ILU-14 accelerator are described. Attention is also paid to the development of electronic and software tools that allowed the expansion of the field of application of a powerful electron accelerator with energies up to 10 MeV in industry. The accelerator is the main element of an industrial irradiation complex that processes medical and industrial products.

In this paper the electrical and dielectric properties of polycrystalline yttrium iron garnet, obtained by the radiation-thermal sintering technology in a fast electron beam were investigated. Spectra of complex dielectric constant, dielectric loss tangent and conductivity were measured in the frequency range 25 – 1∙106 Hz. For comparison, DC resistance measurements were also performed. The temperature dependences of the above parameters were measured at frequencies of 1 kHz, 100 kHz in the range 25 - 300 °C. It is shown, that conduction activations energy, permittivity, loss tangent and resistance vary significantly from sintering temperature in the range of 1300 to 1450 °C. It is found that with an increase in the sintering temperature to 1450 °C, dielectric properties are the same as samples made by the traditional ceramic technology.

Electrical and dielectric properties of polycrystalline yttrium–iron garnet samples grown by the technology of radiation-thermal sintering in the fast electron beam are considered. In the frequency range from 25 Hz to 1 MHz, the normal complex permittivity, dielectric loss tangent, and ac conductivity spectra are measured. For comparison, in addition to frequency measurements, dc resistivity is measured. The temperature dependences of the above parameters are also measured at frequencies of 1 and 100 kHz in the temperature range of 25–300°C. The activation energies of the ac and dc conduction processes on the Arrhenius coordinates are determined by the temperature dependences of the conductivity. It is shown that as the sintering temperature increases from 1300 to 1450°C, the electrical parameters reach values characteristic of samples grown by conventional ceramic technology.

A system for rotating nonmonochromatic electron beams consisting of two identical magnetic mirrors, is described. The distribution of the magnetic field along the depth of the mirrors is formed in such a way that an increase in the magnetic field at the entrance to the mirror follows its decline according to a certain law. As a result, it is possible to compensate for the angular divergences of nonmonochromatic electron beams in the gaps of the mirrors and to obtain a beam with phase characteristics close to the initial ones after rotation. Calculations and experimental test data of such a device are given when the electron beam is rotated through 180°.

The theoretical and experimental research is aimed to improve pretreatment and concentration of rebellious ore from the Rubtsovsk deposit. Radiation modification of lead–zinc ore properties stimulates milling efficiency and enhances processing efficiency. After radiation modification, percentage of free grains of galenite and wurtzite in milled product increased from 40.7 and 65.7% to 66.4 and 71.5%, respectively, in treatment by accelerated electrons at radiation dose of 5 kGr. As a result, the increment in zinc and lead recovery in rougher flotation concentrate made 4.74 and 9.50%, respectively.

Radiation-chemical synthesis of silver nanoparticles was studied. The silver nanoparticles in arabinogalactan (AG) water solution are stabilized in conglomerates, it is fixed by rise of additional bands in the optical absorption spectra. Pre-radiation treatment of AG causes crosslinking and oxidation. Pretreated AG solution increases the stability of conglomerates containing silver nanoparticles in case of dilution.

Chemical reactions products structural investigations during thermal and radiation thermal processes are presented. The reaction mixtures were prepared by mechanical activation of stoichiometric compounds corresponding to synthesis reaction of strontium ferrite with perovskite structure (SrFeO3-delta) or ferro-garnet (Y3Fe5O12). The phase formation staging changes dramatically depending on the temperature and the way of the high-temperature treatment.