The article presents data search operational techniques will improve the results of the imposition tracheotracheal anastomosis. For this purpose, two blocks of studies conducted. Block I – experimental study of 30 bodies of the trachea, dedicated to the study of the properties of different types of anastomoses and the development of a new method, will help stabilize linkable sections of the trachea and increase the tightness of the joint. Block II – chronic experiment on 54 mongrel dogs to study the properties tracheotracheal anastomoses at different levels of resection. It has been found that in a «tension-free» technique of forming an anastomosis does not matter, but in a resected 8 tracheal rings, using the developed method, the area of stenosis was 2 times less in comparison with the other two studied methods.

The article presents the results of experimental research on monofilament suture with different biodegradation periods when implanted into trachea tissue. The data obtained via histological, morphological and morphometric methods have been shown that application of monofilament suture material with long biodegradation period causes evident inflammatory reaction of trachea tissue, which persists through the entire period of monitoring, by 30th day the cell index value is 0.4±0.05. Unlike monofilament non-absorbable suture and suture with short biodegradation period, the application of which is marked with active proliferative process on the 14th day, the cell index is equal to 0,9±0.05 and 1,1±0,06 respectively. The obtained data demonstrate that application of monofilament suture material with long-term biodegradation period in tracheal surgery is non-desirable as the inflammatory process maintained by the suture material under conditions of high contamination by bacteria and active process of mucus formation will adversely affect healing. Application of suture with short-term biodegradation period in acute trachea injury treatment is optimal due to the fact that the organ tissue shows minimal reaction to suture and 60 days later the suture is completely absorbed, that means will not cause further complications.

The reaction of the connective tissue of the tracheal wall on the polypropylene prosthesis used for circular defect replacement was researched in the experiment. On the first step the prosthesis was placed in the adventitia of the trachea for 2, 4 or 8 weeks for its embedding by connective tissue. The part of the trachea was resected at the second stage of the experiment and then its total replacement with the preliminary prepared prosthesis was realized. It is established that an increase in the exposure time results in the growth of the periprosthetic capsule thickness. We consider that the thick capsule composed of the dense connective tissue performs the barrier function better, thus regenerating mucous coat and epithelium.