The aim of the research. To study the features of cardiovascular system disorders in post-covid syndrome (PCS) in children and adolescents after a mild form of coronavirus infection (COVID-19). Material and methods. From 260 children and adolescents after a mild form of COVID-19, a total of 30 patients aged 7–17 years with cardiac manifestations of PCS were selected. Therewith, 32 patients with an uncomplicated form of the disease were selected to form a comparison group. In 3 and 6 months after disease onset, a comprehensive examination of patients was performed with a questionnaire on the subjective scale for MFI-20 assessment asthenia (Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory-20), electrocardiography (ECG), echocardiography; daily monitoring of ECG and blood pressure. The biochemical blood test included assay of creatine phosphokinase-MB (CPK-MB), troponin I and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Results. The incidence of PCS with cardiac manifestations amounted to 11.5 %. After 3 months from the disease onset, complaints of pain and discomfort in the chest, palpitations, fatigue, and poor exercise tolerance persisted. Asthenic syndrome was diagnosed in 70 % of patients. The “general asthenia” indicator totalled14 [12; 16] points (p<0.001) and was associated with the age of patients (r=+0.5; p<0.05). Arrhythmic syndrome and conduction disorders were detected in 67% of children. Labile arterial hypertension and hypotension occurred in 23 % of the adolescents. The increase in CPK-MB remained in 17% of the children, LDH – in 10%. In the sixth month after the onset of the disease, there were no significant differences in the results of the examination in the observation groups. However, a decrease in the level of resistance within 6 months was recorded in 43.3% of the schoolchildren with PCS (p<0.001). Conclusion. The data obtained indicate the need for early verification of cardiopathies in children with COVID-19, determination of a set of therapeutic and rehabilitation measures as well as ECG monitoring.

Aim. To study the features of recovery period of hypoxic lesion to the central nervous system (CNS) in children of the first year of life in the presence of congenital heart disease (CHD).Material and Methods. The study involved 80 children born full-term and premature with gestational status of 35–37 weeks with hypoxic damage to the CNS. The main observation group comprised 50 children with CHD (interventricular and atrial septal defects, open ductus arteriosus). All children underwent a comprehensive health assessment, standard echocardiography, and neurosonography at ages of five to seven days and one, three, and six months. Biochemical analysis included assessment of serum neurospecific enolase (NSE), succinate dehydrogenase (SDG), and α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (α-GPDH). The control group included 20 full-term newborns without CHD and CNS lesions.Results. The main manifestations in newborns with CHD and hypoxic damage to the CNS were the suppression syndrome, agitation, and hypertension-hydrocephalic syndrome. At the age of six months, a delay in motor development indicators persisted in 35% of children in the main group. The high NSE level in newborns with concomitant septal heart defects was associated with a decrease in the quantitative indicators of neuropsychic development (g = –0.6, p < 0.05). The children with CHD and hypoxic damage to the CNS in the first year of life were significantly more often (p < 0.05) deficient in weight and height. A decrease in the resistance level in the first year of life was observed in 40% of children from the main group, which significantly differed compared with group of children without CHD (p < 0.001). The newborns with hypoxic CNS and CHD lesions had a decrease in the activity of α-GPDH and SDG at the age of five to seven days; the low activity of SDG persisted at the ages of one and six months; the enzyme activity in children of the comparison group was normal (p < 0.05).Conclusion. Children with CHD had the features of clinical course of perinatal damage to the CNS in the acute and recovery periods, a slowdown in the rate of physical and neuropsychic development, a decrease in the resistance level, and impaired functional state of the body. The decreases in the activities of SDG and α-GPDH in children with hypoxic lesions to the CNS in the presence of CHD implied the disturbances in cellular bioenergetics and resulted in inadequate response to external factors.

There were examined 100 pre-school children at the age of 4-6 to study the peculiarities of the regional mucosal immunity of the stomato- and nasopharynx among frequently ill children with the pathology of the tonsils and adenoids. The results of the study revealed changes in the parameters of the matrix metalloproteinases system and the saliva immunocytokine profile of patients with the pathology of the adenotonzillar system. These results make it possible to establish diagnostic indicants for the formation and course of an inflammatory process.

There was conducted a study of the physical development of 85 4-6 year old preschool children with pathology of the tonsils and adenoids. Chronic diseases of adenotonsillar system (chronic tonsillitis, chronic adenoids) were observed in 40 children, functional pathology (adenoid hypertrophy, hypertrophy of the tonsils) – 45 children. Analysis of the parameters of physical development of the examined preschool children showed that 39,2 % of preschool children with diseases of the tonsils and adenoids manifest developmental disabilities, the severity of which depends on the nature of the pathology. Children with chronic diseases of tonsils and adenoids significantly more often have low values of height and weight. Children with functional disorders of adenotonsillar system oftener have high growth parameters, at the same time deviations of mass index of multidirectional nature are equally represented with deficiency (35,6 %) and abundant (37,8 %) of body weight. There was determined disharmonious physical development among majority of pre-school children (70 %) with the pathology of the tonsils and adenoids. The survey results demonstrate the need for a differentiated approach to the assessment of physical development in children with tonsils and adenoids pathology depending on the form of defeat of epipharynx.

В данной статье представлены результаты исследования иммуноцитокинового статуса 100 дошкольников в возрасте 4–6 лет, относящихся к группе часто болеющих детей (40 детей с хроническими заболеваниями аденотонзиллярной системы, 45 детей с гипертрофией лимфоидной ткани носоглотки, 15 часто болеющих детей без аденотонзиллярной патологии), и 20 дошкольников контрольной группы. Выявлено, что часто болеющие дети с патологией аденотонзиллярной системы имеют высокий уровень герпесвирусной инфицированности, преимущественно цитомегаловирусной инфекцией. С помощью метода иммуноферментного анализа проведена оценка содержания провоспалительных цитокинов – интерлейкина 17 (IL-17) и интерлейкина 8 (IL-8) в слюне детей. Показано возрастание уровня IL-17 в группе детей с хронической патологией аденотонзиллярной системы и у детей с гипертрофией небных и глоточной миндалин. Оценка локального уровня IL-17 в зависимости от типа гипертрофии лимфоидной ткани носоглотки позволила установить особенно существенное его возрастание у детей со смешанной формой гипертрофии, что может свидетельствовать о высоком риске хронизации. Наиболее высокие показатели IL-17 зафиксированы в слюне детей с сочетанной хронической патологией аденотонзиллярной системы. Средний уровень IL-8 в слюне у детей с хроническими поражениями аденотонзиллярной системы и гипертрофией лимфоидной ткани носоглотки достоверно превышал контрольные цифры. Оценка локального уровня IL-8 в позволила установить особенно существенное его возрастание при смешанной форме гипертрофии. Наиболее высокие показатели зафиксированы в слюне детей с хроническим аденоидитом.

Examination of 73 children of 8–12 years of age was conducted in order to study morphological characteristics of erythrocytes at undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia (UCTD). Scanning electron microscopy revealed significant alterations of surface architectonics of red blood cells, characterized by reduction in the number of discocytes and increase in the number of transformed and degenerative cell forms in the group of children with UCTD without development of anemic syndrome. The most intensive morphological presentation disorders of red blood cells were registered in children with UCTD and anemic syndrome. The article shows that structural inferiority of erythrocyte membranes is a pathogenetic anemia development factor in children with connective tissue dysplasia

The article shows the results of the research of emotional and psychological profile and vegetative homeostasis in process of adaptation to learning in educational institutions of general type and with the raised academic load at 118 first-graders at the age 6 8 years (76 students of gymnasium and 42 students of general type schools). It is proven with cardiointervalography that the adaptation process of first-graders at educational institutions of new type is associated with disruption of autonomic homeostasis. There were established that in connection with the raised academic loads at gymnasiums students more often observed the lowered mood, fatigue, interest to study decreases, decreases the discipline.

We have studied the state of health and the autonomic homeostasis of the 104 first graders at an educational institution of the general type and an educational institution with more challenging education program. Data showed that the adaptation process of firstgraders of various health groups at educational institutions of new type was associated with disruption of autonomic homeostasis.

In vitro modeling of molecular reactions of peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes to contact with implants which are perspective for improvement of osteosynthesis techniques can be used, in our opinion, for prognostic estimation of acceptance/rejection of artificial materials and the prospective usage for surgical treatment of patients with osteogenesis imperfecta and connective tissue dysplasia.

As a result of a screening examination of 482 schoolchildren aged 7 to 12 years there were established that 18% children had connective tissue dysplasia (CTD) phenes. Structural and metabolic status of peripheral blood erythrocytes was studied in 51 children with CTD. There were revealed modifications superficial architectonics of red cells, decreased thiol groups and lipoproteins, increased content of diene conjugates and antioxidant activity. Degree of manifestation of CTD clinical signs correlated with structural and metabolic abnormalities of erythrocytes, increased lipid oxidative processes.