На крысах линии Вистар изучено влияние 5-дневного введения физиологического раствора внутримышечно или внутрижелудочно на динамику физической работоспособности животных в плавательном тесте с грузом, поведение животных в тесте «Открытое поле», а также уровень кортикостерона, лактата, активность аланинаминотранс- феразы (АлТ) и аспартатаминотрансферазы (АсТ) в сыворотке крови. Оба способа введения физиологического раствора перед плавательным тестом сопровождались повышением работоспособности крыс: в среднем на 73 % (p = 0,013) при внутримышечном введении и на 70 % (p = 0,002) при внутрижелудочном, относительно аналогичного показателя у крыс, которых подвергали только плавательному тесту. Тренировочный процесс при внутримышечном введении существенно ускорялся, а при внутрижелудочном – тормозился, по сравнению с контролем. После 5-дневного плавания с совместным введением физиологического раствора, как внутримышечно, так и внутрь, поведение животных в тесте «Открытое поле» существенно не отличалось от поведения животных, не получавших никаких раздражителей и нагрузок. У животных, получавших физиологический раствор внутримышечно перед плаванием, сывороточные уровни кортикостерона и активность АлТ не изменялись, а уровень лактата и активность АсТ — увеличивались на 35 % (p = 0,002) и 48 % (p = 0,001) соответственно по сравнению с интактной группой. У крыс с внутрижелудочным введением физиологического раствора перед физической нагрузкой, уровень кортикостерона и активность АлТ понижались на 350 % (p = 0,04) и 63 % (p = 0,003) соответственно по сравнению с интактной группой. Уровень лактата и активность АсТ в этой группе животных оставались неизменными, относительно аналогичных показателей крыс, не получавших никаких воздействий. Полученные результаты говорят о необходимости параллельного и последовательного контроля способов введения лекарственных веществ и их растворителей, в том числе физиологического раствора в экспериментальных исследованиях. Также стоит учитывать сезонность и время суток введения.

We studied the effect of bone marrow cells (BMC) and nanosecond repetitively pulsed microwaves (RPMs, 10 GHz, pulse duration 100 nsec, pulse repetition rate 8 Hz, peak power flux density (pPFD) 140 W/cm2) on the regeneration of thermally damaged skin in rats. The combined use of BMC and RPMs accelerates separation of an eschar with its complete rejection on day 14 of the experiment. Histological analysis demonstrated a statistically significant increase in the relative area of the granulation tissue and thickness of newly formed epidermis in the group with combined exposure. Combined therapy ensured completion of wound epithelialization in 100% of rats by day 30 of the study.

An assessment was made of hematological parameters of peripheral blood and structural and functional changes in the adrenal glands in stress-unresistant rats (passive-defensive type of behavior in the open field test) after exposure to light deprivation and physical activity during the spring equinox. The experiment showed that light deprivation for 10 days reduces the total number of leukocytes, the absolute content of monocytes, granulocytes, lymphocytes and the level of corticosterone in the peripheral blood compared to the intact group, that was on a natural lighting regime. Histological analysis of the adrenal glands of this group showed, that in the zona fasciculata under such conditions there was nuclear hypertrophy, an increase in the nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio of adrenocorticocytes and a decrease in the size of the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex of rats in relation to the intact group. Physical activity in the form of forced swimming until complete fatigue for 5 days in a row in natural light in stress-unresistant rats did not change the parameters of the peripheral blood of animals, however it led to an increase in the area of the cytoplasm, the nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio, as well as the formation of nuclear hypertrophy of adrenocorticocytes in the fascicle adrenal zones, which indicated the preparation of cells for increased synthetic activity. Keeping rats for 10 days in complete darkness before forced swimming every day for 5 days, on the one hand, formed a hypoxic state and exhaustion of the adrenal glands, on the other hand, stabilized the leukocyte pool of peripheral blood compared to similar indicators in intact rats.

The effect of humic acids and substances with similar action - derivatives of succinic acid (ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate) and combined agent consisting of succinic acid, nicotinamide, riboflavin, and riboxin on the performance and stress resistance of experimental rats was studied. Performance was assessed in the test of exhaustive forced swimming with a load, stress resistance was evaluated by the serum level of corticosterone and open field behavior, and the state of anaerobic metabolism was estimated by the serum level of lactate after swimming test. Humic acids from peat showed anti-stress activity comparable to that of the officinal preparation and preventive effect on fatigue during physical exercise. They can be recommended as a component for the development of drugs that increase human performance and stress resistance.

The effect of nanosecond repetitive pulsed microwaves (RPMs, 10 GHz, 100 ns pulse duration, 8 Hz pulse repetition rate, 140 W/cm 2 peak power flux density (pPFD)) on the treatment of a model thermal burn of the skin of laboratory rats was investigated. It is established that after 4-fold local irradiation, the rate of wound healing increases; it is due to the accelerated formation of granulation tissue and a decrease in the thickness of the scab, which ensures scarless healing.

The effect of nanosecond repetitive pulsed microwave radiation (RPMR) (50–4000 pulses, pulse repetition rate of 13 Hz, peak power flux density (pPFD) of 140 W/cm2, and carrier frequency of 10 GHz) on the stimulation of proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is investigated. The effect of exposure was assessed by the change in the number of cells in the culture after a single irradiation with different numbers of pulses. The effect was the most pronounced after exposure with 100 and 50 pulses; the maximum rate of the effect realization is in 24 h.

The effect of nanosecond repetitive pulsed microwaves (RPMs 10 GHz, 100 ns pulse duration, 8 and 13 Hz pulse repetition rate, 140 W/cm2 peak power flux density (pPFD)) on the regeneration of burn wounds in rats was studied. It is established that after 4-fold local irradiation of wounds with intensity of 140 W/cm2 at pulse repetition rates of 8 and 13 Hz stimulates the healing of burn wounds. A comparison of the obtained results allows us to state that nanosecond low-intensity RPMs of 140 W/cm2 accelerate wound healing processes. At the same time, the impact with a pulse repetition rate of 8 Hz turned out to be more effective in comparison with a pulse repetition frequency of 13 Hz. Histological analysis of rat skin showed an increase in the rate of wound healing due to the accelerated formation of granulation tissue, a decrease in the thickness of eschar and scarless healing.

Currently methods development for restoring physiological functions and increasing the adaptive capabilities of the body after prolonged stress exposure of various genesis is an urgent problem in the field of balneology and physiotherapy. It is known that the adaptive potential of the organism is not the same in different seasons of the year. In this regard, it becomes necessary to take into account the seasonality factor when carrying out recreational activities.PURPOSE OF THE STUDY:To perform a comparative study of balneotherapeutic procedures effectiveness in the form of water and antler baths in relation to the restoration of the psychophysiological parameters of laboratory rats after a consistent stressful effect of light desynchronosis and physical activity to a state of complete fatigue during autumn and spring equinoxes.MATERIAL AND METHODS:The experiment was carried out during the periods of the spring and autumn equinoxes on 160 male Wistar rats weighing 220-250 g. In each season, the animals were divided into 8 groups of 10 individuals. Two groups were in natural lighting conditions. Animals of the 1st group (intact) were not exposed to experimental influences; rats of the 2nd group were exposed to physical activity in the form of a swimming test until complete fatigue for 5 days in a row in the morning; animals of groups 3-8 were exposed to stress loads in the form of 10-day light desynchronosis (light or dark deprivation) followed by physical activity. In the 4-th, 5-th, 7-th and 8-th groups, post-experimental post-stress recovery programs were carried out using water baths (groups 4 and 7) and baths with drug «Pantovanna» (groups 5 and 8). After the completion of exposures, the animals were tested in the «open field» according to the standard method. The level of corticosterone in the blood serum was determined by ELISA.RESULTS:It was found that in laboratory rats sensitivity to stressful influences - light desynchronosis followed by physical activity to the point of fatigue, as well as active post-stress recovery were determined by the nature of desynchronosis and the season of the year. The stress load was accompanied by a phase of exhaustion during the spring equinox and by a phase of anxiety during the autumn equinox. In the spring, antler baths as a procedure for active post-stress recovery were ineffective; in autumn, they had a normalizing effect on the level of corticosterone and behavior only after dark deprivation.CONCLUSION:The conducted experiment indicates the need to take into account the season of the year and the direction of the transmeridian flight to sanatorium-and-spa treatment with balneotherapy procedures. Using the example of equinoxes under experimental conditions on laboratory rats, it has been shown that balneological procedures will more effectively perform rehabilitative functions when the light phase of the day expands as a result of such a shift, but not the dark one.

The effect of nanosecond repetitive pulsed microwave radiation (RPMR, 10 GHz, 100 ns pulse duration, 8 Hz pulse repetition rate, 140 and 1500 W/cm2 peak power flux density (pPFD)) on the regeneration of burn wounds in rats in dynamics was investigated. It is established that after 4-fold local irradiation of wounds with intensities of 140 and 1500 W/cm2 at frequency of 8 Hz, wound healing in the control and irradiated groups did not differ significantly (from the 1st day to the 14th day). Statistically significant acceleration of healing of irradiated burn wounds was detected from the 19th day. From the 12th day partial separation of the formed scab was observed. Epithelialization was observed from the 24th day to the 28th day. The effectiveness of RPMR with pPFD of 140 W/cm2 turned out to be higher in comparison with irradiation with pPFD of 1500 W/cm2.

The development of new programs and methods of rehabilitation after the action of various stress factors on the body continues to be an actual problem. There are post-stress recovery programs include both standard pharmacotherapy and physical therapies. However, when prescribing certain types of physiotherapy procedures, the season of the year is not taken into account.OBJECTIVE:During the summer and winter solstices to study the features of post-stress recovery of psychophysiological functions of laboratory rats after light or dark deprivation, followed by physical exertion and rehabilitation procedures in the form of water and antler baths.MATERIAL AND METHODS:The experiment was carried out on 160 male Wistar rats. The animals were divided into 8 groups of 10 individuals at each solstice period (winter, summer). Group 1 was not exposed to any impact. Group 2 was presented with physical activity (swimming test). These two groups were in natural light conditions. Groups 3-8 underwent light desynchronosis (light or dark deprivation) followed by physical activity. After the above-mentioned influences, procedures were carried out in the form of water baths (groups 4 and 7) and baths with a preparation based on pantogematogen «Pantovanna» (groups 5 and 8). Behavioral responses were assessed using the open field test. The content of corticosterone was determined by enzyme immunoassay.RESULTS:During the periods of the winter solstice, dark or light deprivation increased the resistance of animals to the stress of subsequent physical activity, i.e. showed a training effect, while during the summer solstice the studied stress factors led to depletion of serum corticosterone levels, although the structure of behavior did not undergo significant changes. Post-stress recovery in the form of water and antler baths for 10 days was determined by the nature of desynchronosis and the solstice period. Pantobaths were effective in summer and winter only under TT conditions. However, in winter, after the CC-regime, the antlers intensified the stressful effect of physical activity on the animals' organism.CONCLUSION:The experiment carried out indicates the need to take into account the season of the year and the direction of the transmeridian flight to balneological resorts. Using the example of solstices in experimental conditions on rats, we have shown that balneological procedures will perform best the restorative functions when expanding as a result of such a movement of the light phase of the day, but not the dark one. It is possible that this feature can also persist for a person, since a more rapid adaptation to new light-dark conditions has been established also with the expansion of the light phase, but not the dark one.

A modern trend in traumatology, orthopedics, and implantology is the development of materials and coatings with an amorphous–crystalline structure that exhibits excellent biocopatibility. The structure and physico–chemical and biological properties of calcium phosphate (CaP) coatings deposited on Ti plates using the micro-arc oxidation (MAO) method under different voltages (200, 250, and 300 V) were studied. Amorphous, nanocrystalline, and microcrystalline statesof CaHPO4 and β-Ca2P2O7 were observed in the coatings using TEM and XRD. The increase in MAO voltage resulted in augmentation of the surface roughness Ra from 2.5 to 6.5 µm, mass from 10 to 25 mg, thickness from 50 to 105 µm, and Ca/P ratio from 0.3 to 0.6. The electrical potential (EP) of the CaP coatings changed from −456 to −535 mV, while the zeta potential (ZP) decreased from −53 to −40 mV following an increase in the values of the MAO voltage. Numerous correlations of physical and chemical indices of CaP coatings were estimated. A decrease in the ZP magnitudes of CaP coatings deposited at 200–250 V was strongly associated with elevated hTERT expression in tumor-derived Jurkat T cells preliminarily activated with anti-CD2/CD3/CD28 antibodies and then contacted in vitro with CaP-coated samples for 14 days. In turn, in vitro survival of CD4+ subsets was enhanced, with proinflammatory cytokine secretion of activated Jurkat T cells. Thus, the applied MAO voltage allowed the regulation of the physicochemical properties of amorphous–crystalline CaP-coatings on Ti substrates to a certain extent. This method may be used as a technological mechanism to trigger the behavior of cells through contact with micro-arc CaP coatings. The possible role of negative ZP and Ca2+ as effectors of the biological effects of amorphous–crystalline CaP coatings is discussed. Micro-arc CaP coatings should be carefully tested to determine their suitability for use in patients with chronic lymphoid malignancies.

OBJECTIVE:In order to develop methods and means of maintaining normal human functioning under conditions of desynchronizes, the effect of mexidol on the level of corticosterone in the blood serum and the state of the cells of the beam zone of the adrenal cortex of rats after light or dark deprivation and physical activity to a state of fatigue.MATERIALS AND METHODS:The experiments were performed on 7 groups of rats (10 animals each) in the spring. The model of physical activity is the method of forced swimming of rats until exhaustion in its own modification. For the induction of experimental desynchronizes, the animals of the experimental groups were kept around the clock for 10 days with artificial bright light of 150 LX or a complete darkening of 2-3 LX. Mexidol was administered intramuscularly at a dose of 10 mg/kg animal 30 minutes before the swimming test. Control animals under similar conditions were administered 0.9% sodium chloride solution. The level of corticosterone in the serum was determined using enzyme immunoassay. The measurements were carried out on a programmable photometer for STAR FAX 303 PLUS microsamples (USA). Histological analysis of the adrenal glands was carried out according to standard methods. Microscopy of preparations, imaging and measurements were carried out using an Axio Lab A1 microscope, an AxioCamERc 5s camera and ZEN 2012 software («Carl Zeiss Microscopy», Germany). Statistical processing of the results was carried out using standard parametric and non-parametric methods, depending on the nature of the distributions.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Mexidol under combined successive stress loads - desynchronizes and physical activity - demonstrated anti-stress properties not only at the level of corticosterone in the blood serum of rats, but also at the level of adrenal glands. The severity of this effect of the drug depended on the number of stress loads (isolated physical or shown in conditions of desynchronizes), the phase of stress and the nature of deprivation. Under natural lighting conditions and after light deprivation, when animals were in the anxiety phase of varying severity, the drug worked more reliably than after dark deprivation in conditions of developing depletion. Nevertheless, even in the latter case, he showed himself as a means of preventing exhaustion in animals and the breakdown of adaptation.

The study substantiated the possibility of using peat humic acids for improving endurance during extreme physical exertion. The mature outbred Wistar rats weighing 200-250 g ( n =40) were subjected to forced swim test until complete exhaustion. The humic acids (1%) were administered intragastrically (0.5 ml/100 g body weight) 30 min prior to the test. Chronic administration of peat humic acids for 5 days increased physical capacity and endurance of rats in exhaustive forced swim test without the changes in serum lactate and corticosterone.

The available evidence on seasonal changes in work capacity and anaerobic metabolism is very heterogeneous. Animal studies contribute to better understanding of adaptive reactions of the body to various influences and can serve as a basis for the development of physiotherapeutic, pharmacological and other methods to increase adaptive capabilities of the human body to hard working conditions and environmental situations. The aim was to study the characteristics of the five-days working capacity dynamics serum lactate concentration in laboratory rats across seasons. Methods. Eighty male Wistar rats (220-250g) comprised the sample. Measurements were taken in the middle of each season. The working capacity of animals until complete fatigue was assessed in a swimming test at the same time of a day. Results. Working capacity in rats in the swimming test had the highest values in the summer (75.4 s) and in the spring (78 s), while it was the lowest in the autumn (47.8 s). The highest concentrations of lactate we, on the contrary, observed in the in the autumn. Conclusions. Our results suggest that the working capacity in rats is the best in the spring and in the summer, worse in the winter and the worst in the autumn. One may speculate that the genetically determined seasonal pattern of metabolic processes in the skeletal muscle of rats may determines seasonality in their working capacity.

The aim of the research is to study the possibility of using track-etched membrane, including track-etched membranes modified with cold plasma, followed by layering prenatal stem cells (PSC) on the material surface in surgical treatment of bullous keratopathy (BK). Materials and methods. The track membranes made of polyethylene terephthalate were obtained by irradiating the polymeric film with the 40Ar+8ion beams and by chemical etching. The study was conducted on 16 rabbits (Sylvilagus bachmani), which after BK modelling were divided into 4 groups: the 1st group was a control group of 4 animals (4 eyes); the 2nd group was a group of 4 animals (4 eyes) into which were implanted TM; the 3rd group was a group of 4 animals (4 eyes) into which were implanted TM with PSC; the 4th group was a group of 4 animals (4 eyes) into which were implanted plasma modified TM with PSC. TM was obtained by irradiating the PET film with 40Ar + 8 ions and subsequent chemical etching. The eyes were enucleated for histological examination after 8 weeks from the start of the experiment. Results. As a result of the research, it was found that the implantation of TM with a preliminary layeringof human PSC promotes the growth of the fibroblast population in the cornea stroma and intensifies leukocyte (lymphocytes and eosinophilic granulocytes) infiltration as opposed to the implantation of PET TM without a cellular component. In addition, the implantation of TM contributes to a twofold decrease in the cornea edema induced by BK. Modification of TM with cold plasma did not affect the studied histomorphometric parameters. Conclusion. The implantation of TM based on PET during bullous keratopathy contributed to the development of the productive phase of infiltrative inflammation in the cornea of the eye. Pre-layering of human PSC reduced the severity of destructive changes in the rabbit cornea after BK modeling. The modification of TM by cold plasma did not affect the studied histomorphometric parameters.

AIMTo study an effect of mexidol on the performance of rats after light or dark deprivations in the swimming test with a load and to evaluate the state of glycolytic processes under these conditions.MATERIAL AND METHODSThe experiment was carried out in the spring on 70 Wistar male rats. Three groups (30 animals) were in natural light conditions. One of them was not affected. The other two groups were subjected to exercise and 30 minutes before it either saline or mexidol was administered intramuscularly. Four other groups (40 animals) for 10 days were under conditions of dark or light deprivation prior to the presentation of physical activity and received either saline or mexidol before the test after deprivation was canceled. A forced swimming test with an additional load, which was presented to animals every day at 10-11 am for five days in a row, was used as a model of physical activity. The level of lactate was determined by colorimetric method.RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONMexidol increased the performance of rats in the swimming test, both under natural lighting conditions and with light desynchronization, contributed to the formation of cross adaptation to physical activity under natural lighting conditions and prolonged this state under conditions of light deprivation, did not change the content of lactate in the blood of rats after exercise in natural lighting conditions and dark deprivation and prevented its rise after light deprivation.

It is known that desynchronosis and physical stress to the point of fatigue are powerful stressors for the body. Studies indicate a depleting effect of the combined stress factors on the adaptive reserves of the organism, especially when the joint exposure is prolonged. However, the adaptive value of the training process in various activities is also well known. In this regard, it seems important to study these two aspects of adaptation when combined effects of light desynchronosis and physical overwork on the body. Р urpose of this study was to study the features of adaptive reactions of rats under conditions of light desynchronosis and physical overwork. Materials and methods . An experimental study was performed on 60 mature male rats of the Wistar breed. For the induction of experimental desynchronosis, the animals of the experimental groups were kept for 10 days in artificial bright illumination (150 LX) or full darkening (2-3 LX). The model of physical overfatigue used the method of forced swimming of rats to complete fatigue in their own modification. At the end of the swim test, all the animals were withdrawn from the experiment and underwent one-step-long decapitation under CO2 with anesthesia. In decapitated animals, to collect serum, the blood was collected in a clean, dry vial. In the blood serum of rats, the biochemical standard method was used to determine the level of lactate. Using the ELISA method and the reagent kit “IBL” (Germany), the concentrations of corticosterone and serotonin were determined. The histological analysis of the stress-realizing organs was carried out according to a standard procedure using light microscopy using the Axioskop 40 microscope from CarlZeiss (Germany). Results. It was found that physical fatigue in rats after daily swimming activities (5 days) was accompanied by a decrease in the level of corticosterone in the blood serum and destructive changes in the adrenal and femoral muscles in comparison with intact animals. In comparison with the intact group, dark deprivation and physical activity did not alter the content of corticosterone, serotonin, and lactate in the blood and caused minor destructive processes in the adrenal glands. Light deprivation and fatigue lowered the level of corticosterone in the blood, caused destructive changes in the adrenal glands and muscles, and increased serotonin levels in serum, but did not change the level of lactate. Conclusions. The features of adaptive reactions of rats under conditions of light desynchronosis and physical overfatigue are determined by the nature of deprivation or the direction of the phase shift (deprivation of light or darkness). Dark deprivation followed by physical overfatigue causes the development of the resistance phase of the general adaptation syndrome, and light deprivation followed by physical overwork is the phase of exhaustion.

Aim. This research studies the effect of a low-temperature atmospheric plasma and the subsequent γ-ray sterilization on topography and properties of track membranes (TM) based on polyethylene terephthalate (PET).Materials and methods. TM were obtained by irradiating a PET film with a 40Ar+8 ion beam and then by chemical etching in an aqueous solution of 1.5N NaOH. Modification of the membrane surface was carried out by exposure to an atmospheric low-temperature plasma. The gamma radiation of the radionuclide 60Со with the dosages of 1kGy (SI) and 10 kGy (SI) was used to sterilize the membranes. In vitro studies of the TM biocompatibility were performed by using a culture of prenatal stromal cells isolated from a lung of an 11-week human embryo and maintained ex vivo.Results. It has been established that the treatment of the membranes with the low-temperature atmospheric plasma leads to an increase in the roughness and hydrophilization of the TM surface. The change in the physical-chemical state of the TM surface as a result of the exposure of cold plasma and subsequent sterilization had practically no effect on the morphofunctional state of the culture of human prenatal stromal cells. In vitro tests on the TM cellular-molecular biocompability with a short-term culture of in vitro fibroblast-like cells have made it possible to indicate their relative bioinerticity with respect to human stromal cells. The conclusion is made about the relative bioinerticity of TM and the proposed regimes for their sterilization with respect to the culture of human stromal cells, the prospects for further research in applying the material to the areas of surgical practice (cardiology, ophthalmology).

The content of serotonin in the blood serum of rats with light desynchronizes and physical fatigue in different seasons was investigated ву enzyme immunoassay. It was found that long-term light deprivation and exercise to complete depletion lowered levels of serotonin in the blood serum of rats in the winter and increased that of the spring season. At the same time, a dark deprivation and physical activity had no effect on this indicator.