Ragweed pollen allergy is widespread in the South of Russia, the Far East and other regions, where 25 to 40 % of all weeds-allergic patients may be sensitized specifically to ragweed, representing an important public health problem. Drugs of various pharmacological groups used for the treatment of ragweed pollen allergy affect only the symptoms but not the cause of allergy. Existing pathogenetic therapy (allergen-specific immunotherapy with allergy vaccines based on water-salt extracts) requires long courses and can cause significant side effects. The development of more effective allergy vaccines requires the study of the structures of ragweed pollen allergens and the identification of their IgE epitopes. Based on these epitopes, new highly effective allergy vaccines can be developed using recombinant technologies that will lack the disadvantages of water-salt extracts and will possess the ability to enhance the induction of protective IgG. This review is focused on the epidemiology of ragweed pollen allergy, as well as the latest approaches to the analysis of its allergens’ structures and development of allergy vaccines. Presented information is relevant for the development of new promising highly effective allergy vaccines for allergen-specific immunotherapy of ragweed pollen allergy.

Background. The combination of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and bronchial asthma (BA) is currently considered as a separate phenotype characterized by similar features of inflammatory changes leading to an increase in the clinical course of both CRSwNP and BA. The aim of the study was to investigate the clinical features and characteristics of the local and systemic inflammatory process in patients having a combination of CRSwNP and BA. Materials and methods. The study included 96 volunteers, who were divided into 4 groups: group 1 consisted of healthy volunteers (Normal); group 2 consisted of volunteers with CRSwNP in combination with allergic BA (CRSwNP + aBA); group 3 - volunteers with PRS in combination with non-allergic BA (CRSwNP + nBA); and group 4 - CRSwNP without BA. Clinical, laboratory, instrumental and allergology examination methods were applied for all participants of the study. BA control status was determined using the asthma control questionnaire (ACQ-7), and CRSwNP control status was determined using the nasal and paranasal sinus clinical outcome control questionnaire (SNOT-22). At the same time, the quality of life of the patients was also evaluated using AQLQ (Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire). Results. The results confirmed the interaction of BA and CRSwNP, where the combination of these diseases led to a more severe and uncontrolled clinical course of BA and CRSwNP based on the assessment using SNOT-22, ACQ-7 and AQLQ questionnaires. These results correlated with an increase in the absolute number of eosinophils in peripheral blood and pronounced eosinophilic cell infiltration of nasal polyp stroma. Data processing demonstrated that the combination of CRSwNP and nBA showed signs of more pronounced eosinophilic inflammation, which is an unfavorable prognostic factor. Conclusions. The comparison of the cellular characteristics of the local and systemic inflammatory process in patients with CRSwNP in combination with BA allowed us to conclude that polyp development follows a local inflammatory process. Further study of the pathogenesis of CRSwNP and BA will help to understand the mechanisms that connect these diseases and consider possible target molecules for biological therapy.

Главными преимуществами использования препаратов на основе малых интерферирущих РНК (миРНК) являются их высокая специфичность и эффективность, так как вводимые миРНК способны действовать в крайне низких концентрациях. Возможность доставки миРНК в клетки достигается путём её заключения в комплекс с липопептидами. Сложность изучения фармакокинетики препаратов, содержащих миРНК и липопептиды, заключается в том, что в организме млекопитающих присутствует большое количество соединений, сходных по природе, что создает сложности для селективной детекции именно компонентов самого лекарственного средства. Авторами разработан подход к изучению фармакокинетики инновационного препарата для лечения вируса гепатита C, представляющего собой комплекс молекул миРНК и носителя – катионного липопептида, при нанесении флуоресцентных меток с различной длиной волны испускания.

Объектом исследования является композиция «Y14/siUTR», представляющая собой комплекс, состоящий из 2 компонентов: 1) вспомогательного вещества — катионного липопептида Y14; 2) фармацевтической субстанции — молекул малых интерферирующих РНК (миРНК), направленных против региона UTR вируса гепатита C (siUTR). Композиция предназначена для ингибирования репликативного цикла вируса гепатита C. Целью данной работы являлась разработка методов фармацевтического анализа компонентов данной композиции. В ходе работы использованы методы ВЭЖХ-УФ и УФ-спектроскопия.

Development of transport systems possessing definite physicochemical and biological properties aimed at the targeted delivery of biologically active compounds remains nowadays among urgent problems of the medicine. In this work we made physical chemical and biological tests liposomal drug delivery systems modified with glycolipids for target properties.

The infectious diseases caused by respiratory-syncytial virus (RSV) not infrequently lead to the development of serious complications in the children. At present, a variety of medicines are available for the prevention and pathogenetic therapy of these conditions, but their wide application is limited, in the first place by the adverse events accompanying their intake and the high cost of the treatment. The program of evaluation of the antiviral activity of ergoferon envisaged the in vitro study of its action on RSV in a HeLa cell line. The antiviral activity of the preparation was estimated by the RT-PCB technique and titration in the monolayer of MDKB cells. The results of the study indicate that ergoferon is possessed of antiviral activity with respect to RSV and can be recommended for the introduction into combined therapy and prevention of respiratory-syncytial viral infection.