Diabetic wound healing is entangled in a dysregulated cascade of interconnected pathologies, where persistent hyperglycemia fuels a vicious cycle of oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, compromised angiogenesis, and heightened infection risk. Traditional unimodal therapies often fail to address this multifaceted pathophysiology, necessitating the development of advanced bioactive materials that can actively orchestrate the repair process. This review systematically outlines the paradigm shift from passive wound dressings to rationally engineered therapeutic systems. We discuss the design and application of a new generation of bioactive materials, encompassing antioxidant/anti-ferroptotic therapies, anti-inflammatory/pyroptotic modulators, plant-derived composites, cell- and extracellular vesicle-based biomaterials, and formulations incorporating cytokines, trace elements, hypoglycemic agents, or antimicrobials. These smart systems, often featuring stimuli-responsive, controlled-release, and multifunctional properties, can dynamically correct multiple pathological imbalances simultaneously. They serve as active therapeutic platforms, moving beyond static protection to dynamically regulate the pathological wound milieu by scavenging reactive oxygen species, reprogramming macrophage polarization, promoting angiogenesis, and combating infection. In addition, this review critically examines the current landscape of clinical translation, highlighting the challenges and evidence gaps. In conclusion, the ongoing development of these rationally designed therapeutic modalities holds strong promise for translating advanced material science into clinically effective therapies, with the ultimate goal of improving healing outcomes and quality of life for diabetic patients.

Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (CP), derived from the peel of Citrus reticulata Blanco and its cultivated varieties, is widely used and has substantial commercial value. However, notable differences in origin, quality, and price are observed among various CP cultivars. To ensure effective quality control and safe clinical use, a reliable and efficient method for distinguishing these cultivars is urgently needed. This study aimed to investigate the chemical profile differences among seven CP cultivars and to establish a rapid and accurate multi-component quantitative method using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) for their differentiation. Multivariate statistical analyses, including PCA, OPLS-DA, and HCA, were employed to distinguish the seven cultivars. LC-MS/MS analysis identified 53 compounds, including 48 flavonoids, and nine representative flavonoids were selected for quantitative determination. The developed UPLC-based method exhibited high specificity, linearity, precision, repeatability, stability, and accuracy. PCA revealed that C. reticulata "Chachi" (GCP), C. reticulata "Succosa" (BDZ), C. reticulata "Tankan" (JG), and C. reticulata "Unshiu" (WZMG) formed distinct clusters, indicating substantial differences in flavonoid composition. In contrast, C. reticulata "Kinokuni" (NFMJ), C. reticulata "Ponkan" (PG), and C. reticulata "Dahongpao" (DHP) grouped together but were further differentiated by PCA and OPLS-DA, consistent with the HCA results. Hesperetin was quantified exclusively in GCP, suggesting its potential as a cultivar-specific marker. Although the overall chemical profiles of the seven CP cultivars were similar, their flavonoid contents varied significantly. The combined UPLC quantification and multivariate analyses provide an effective approach for distinguishing major CP cultivars and offer new insights for quality control and future research.

Objective: To investigate the quantitative correlation between color parameters and chemical component variations in Selaginellae Herba (SH) processed products under different firing intensities, integrating chromatographic and microscopic imaging techniques to establish objective quality control indicators for the traditional Chinese medicine processing theory of "preserving the herbal drug's nature after carbonization by stir-heating". Methods: We employed a Multivariate analytical approach to analyze samples representing distinct processing stages: crude (Selaginellae Herba crude, SH-Cr), optimally carbonized (Selaginellae Herba Carbonisata, SH-Ca), insufficiently carbonized SH-Ca (ISH-Ca) and excessively-carbonized SH-Ca (ESHCa). These samples underwent macroscopic and microscopic colorimetric analysis using CIE L*a*b* measurements. Their contents of three bioactive biflavonoids-amentoflavone, sotetsuflavone, and isocryptomerin-were quantified via high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Data integration and analysis were performed using partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) alongside correlation studies to identify key discriminative markers. Results: The integrated analytical results demonstrated systematic changes across multiple scales during carbonization. Macroscopic and microscopic colorimetric analysis showed progressive darkening, with L* values decreasing significantly from SH-Cr to ESHCa, accompanied by tissue-specific colorimetric responses. HPLC quantification revealed distinct degradation profiles of the bioactive biflavonoids, indicating that amentoflavone exhibited greater thermal stability than sotetsuflavone, the latter of which degraded completely in ESHCa. Multivariate statistical modeling effectively discriminated processing stages ((RY)-Y-2 = 0.664, Q(2) = 0.656), and identified microscopic color parameters, particularly epidermal cell a* values (VIP > 1.5), as more effective quality markers than macroscopic features. Conclusion: This study establishes that microscopic color parameters, particularly the a* value of epidermal cells, serve as sensitive indicators of the chemical transformations occurring during SH carbonization. These findings provide a scientific basis for utilizing microscopic colorimetry in the quality control of carbonized traditional medicines.

This study evaluated the inorganic element content and safety of Selaginellae Herba Carbonisata under different processing durations, including unprocessed crude drugs (SH-Cr), insufficiently (ISH-Ca), properly (SH-Ca), and excessively processed (ESH-Ca) samples. The contents of 39 elements were analyzed by ICP-MS, and the safety of key heavy metals (Pb, As, Cd, Cu) was assessed using exposure assessment, the Hazard Index (HI), and the Margin of Exposure (MOE). Results showed high concentrations of K, Fe, Mg, and Na, alongside beneficial trace elements (Al, Ca, Mn, Zn). Furthermore, Levels of Mg, K, Ca, Mn, Cu, Zn, Ga, Rb, and Au increased significantly with higher processing temperatures (P < 0.05). Antimony (Sb) exhibited the highest migration rate, whereas the behavior of others was variable. Although the contents of Pb, Cd, As, and Cu complied with regulatory limits (HI < 1, MOE > 1), the potential introduction of lead and copper during processing warrants attention, highlighting the need to standardize raw materials and processing equipment. SH-Ca was identified as the optimal product due to its balanced elemental profile and safety compliance. In summary, these findings support quality control for carbonized herbal materials and provide insights for their potential applications in functional foods and dietary supplements.

Paeoniae Radix Alba (PRA, roots of Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) yields stir-baked (sbPRA), charred (cPRA), and carbonized (caPRA) specifications through increasing degrees of stir-baking. In this study, an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) method was developed to quantitatively determine seven chemical constituents in 15 batches of PRA with varying degrees of stir-baking. The method showed excellent linearity (R2 ≥ 0.9995), with precision RSDs < 2%, repeatability and stability RSDs of 0.93%-2.8% and 0.68%-1.5%, respectively, and mean recoveries of 92.24%-105.9% (RSD < 3%). In caPRA, most constituents were below the detection limit. Oxypaeoniflorin, catechin, paeoniflorin, and benzoylpaeoniflorin decreased progressively with increasing processing intensity, whereas gallic acid increased markedly from PRA to cPRA. The concentrations of albiflorin and 1,2,3,4,6-O-pentagalloylglucose showed an initial increase followed by a decrease, reaching maximum levels in sbPRA. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) identified gallic acid as a key discriminatory marker. Simulated processing experiments showed that paeoniflorin and benzoylpaeoniflorin could decompose into benzoic acid, while 1,2,3,4,6-O-pentagalloylglucose could degrade into gallic acid. This study compared the content of seven components in PRA subjected to different degrees of stir-baking and clarified their transformation patterns.

This study aimed to construct an intelligent screening platform for co-amorphous materials (CAMs) based on machine learning and large language models to improve the development efficiency of co-amorphous systems for food-derived bioactive compounds. The platform enabled formation-probability prediction and interpretable analysis, thereby supporting the efficient development of CAMs. Guided by this platform, three novel myricetin-based CAMs were successfully developed. Solid-state characterization confirms the successful amorphization of the three systems. Multiscale simulations reveal that multi-site noncovalent interactions are the main driving forces for amorphization. The CAMs markedly improved myricetin wettability and simulated digestive release. The CAMs enhanced antioxidant activity, with the lowest DPPH and ABTS IC50 values reaching 4.21 and 1.86 μM, respectively. CAMs increased the inhibition zone diameters against S. aureus and E. coli to approximately 1.14-1.26-fold and 2.12-3.15-fold those of free myricetin, respectively. Preservation studies further show that the three materials effectively extend the shelf life of tomatoes.

Flavonoids and organic acids are the primary bioactive components contributing to the functional value of Typhae pollen (TP), and their content and quality are influenced by various processing conditions. To investigate the overall characteristics and dynamic changes of these components during processing, a non-targeted metabolomics strategy was employed to systematically characterize the compounds present before and after TP processing and to identify differential markers. A total of 114 compounds were preliminarily identified in processed TP (CTP). Based on PCA and PLS-DA analyses, 63 and 20 markers were screened in the negative and positive ion modes, respectively, to differentiate raw TP from CTP, using a VIP > 1 criterion. Among these, 18 differential markers were ultimately confirmed using significance thresholds of FC > 1.5 and p-value <0.05, in addition to comparisons with reference standards. During processing, 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxylic acid and 2-furoic acid were newly generated. The observed differences among samples primarily resulted from variations in flavonoid and organic acid content. Simulated processing revealed that high temperatures significantly degrade flavonoid glycosides through three mechanisms: hydrolysis of glycosidic bonds, rapid conversion of intermediates, and extensive structural disruption. Flavonoid glycosides underwent hydrolysis and deglycosylation, yielding the corresponding secondary glycosides or aglycones. Free sugar residues likely participated in Maillard or caramelization reactions, resulting in the formation of the two furanic organic acids. Processing TP to the P2-P3 levels most effectively promoted the generation of flavonoid aglycones (quercetin, kaempferol, and isorhamnetin) and the two furanic organic acids. At this level, the appearance characteristics of CTP satisfy both the traditional "processing" endpoint criteria and the standards outlined in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. These compounds are recommended as chemical markers for objectively evaluating the TP processing procedure. By linking specific patterns of chemical transformation to measurable quality attributes, this study provides theoretical support for the development of TP processing standards and offers practical guidance for industrial production.

Objective: To optimize Selaginellae Herba Carbonisata (SH-Ca) processing using Box-Behnken Design Response Surface Methodology (BBD-RSM) combined with Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Entropy Weight Method (EWM), and comparatively evaluate its antioxidant enhancement over crude herb (SH-Cr) Methods: Processing parameters (input quantity, temperature, time) were optimized via BBD-RSM-AHP-EWM, with quality assessed by carbon adsorption capacity (CAC), total flavonoid content (TFC), chromatic aberration value (CAV), and appearance characteristics scoring (ACS). Additionally, the antioxidant capacities of SH-Cr and SH-Ca were evaluated using the DPPH radical scavenging activity, OH radical scavenging activity, ABTSbased total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and FRAP-based T-AOC assays. Results: AHP and EWM were applied to assign appropriate weights to these indicators, with ACS (58.27 %) being the most critical parameter, followed by TFC (24.33 %), CAV (13.54 %), and ACS (3.86 %). Model validation confirmed that the optimized conditions (an input quantity of 28 g, a temperature of 315 +/- 15 degrees C, a processing time of 9.5 min) produced consistent results. While SH-Cr showed superior DPPH radical scavenging at high concentrations, SH-Ca exhibited more stable but generally lower scavenging activity across all tested concentrations. In contrast, SH-Ca displayed significantly enhanced OH radical scavenging activity (P < 0.05) and FRAP-based T-AOC compared to SH-Cr (P < 0.05), with its most notable advantage in ABTS-based T-AOC (P < 0.05) at high concentrations. Conclusion: The integrated BBD-RSM-AHP-EWM approach enabled optimal processing of SH-Ca, with comparative analysis revealing that SH-Ca exhibited superior efficacy against radical-induced oxidative damage whereas SH-Cr showed stronger direct radical quenching capacity. These findings provide insights for developing natural antioxidants with customized properties.

This study explored the changes in color and odor of Raphani Semen at different processing stages using intelligent sensory technologies, such as colorimeters and electronic noses, to establish a model for discriminating &quot;processing degree&quot;. The total chromaticity value(E~*ab)、 lightness(L~*)、 redness-greenness value(a~*)、 yellowness-blueness value(b~*) and odor profiles of both raw Raphani Semen and its processed products were collected and objectively characterized using colorimeters and electronic noses. Discriminant models were constructed using methods like partial least squares discriminant analysis(PLS-DA), rank correlation analysis, and linear discriminant analysis(LDA) to rapidly differentiate raw Raphani Semen and products processed at varying degrees. The results showed that as the degree of processing increased, the overall color of Raphani Semen darkened, with an increase in redness and a decrease in yellowness, while the E~*ab, L~*, and b~* values decreased. Among the different processing degrees, Raphani Semen showed the strongest response to nitrogen oxides, followed by sulfides, aromatic compounds, and organic sulfides. Nitrogen oxides were identified as the primary differential volatile component distinguishing Raphani Semen processed at different levels. The &quot;processing degree&quot; discriminant model, based on color parameters(L~*, a~*, b~*), and odor parameters, achieved a correct classification rate of 97.5% and 80.0%, respectively. This study provides a reference for the standardization of the frying process for Raphani Semen and offers a new approach for discriminating the &quot;degree of processing&quot; in other medicinal herb slices.

Baihuasheshecao(Hedyotis diffusa) is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine derived from the whole herb of H. diffusa and has been widely utilized in folk medicine. It possesses anti-tumor, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties, making it one of the frequently used herbs in TCM clinical practice. However, Shuixiancao(H. corymbosa) and Xianhuaercao(H. tenelliflora), species of the same genus, are often used as substitutes for Baihuasheshecao. To substantiate the medicinal basis of Baihuasheshecao, this study systematically reviewed classical herbal texts and modern literature, examining its nomenclature, botanical origin, harvesting, processing, properties, meridian tropism, pharmacological effects, and clinical applications. The results indicate that Baihuasheshecao was initially recorded as &quot;Shuixiancao&quot; in Preface to the Indexes to the Great Chinese Botany(Zhi Wu Ming Shi Tu Kao). Based on its morphological characteristics and habitat description, it was identified as H. diffusa in the Rubiaceae family. Subsequent records predominantly refer to it as Baihuasheshecao as its official name. In most regions, Baihuasheshecao is recognized as the authentic medicinal material, distinct from Shuixiancao and Xianhuaercao. Baihuasheshecao is harvested in late summer and early autumn, and the dried whole plant, including its roots, is used medicinally. The standard processing method involves cutting. It is known for its effects in clearing heat, removing toxins, reducing swelling and pain, and promoting diuresis to resolve abscesses. Initially, it was mainly used for treating appendicitis, intestinal abscesses, and venomous snake bites, and later, it became a treatment for cancer. The excavation of its clinical value followed a process in which overseas Chinese introduced the herb from Chinese folk medicine to other countries. After its unique anti-cancer effects were recognized abroad, it was reintroduced to China and gradually became a crucial TCM for cancer treatment. The findings of this study help clarify the historical and contemporary uses of Baihuasheshecao, providing literature support and a scientific basis for its rational development and precise clinical application.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE:Selaginellae Herba, known as "Juan Bai" in traditional Chinese medicine, has been used for centuries to alleviate bleeding disorders and promote blood circulation. Its carbonized form, Selaginellae Herba Carbonisata, is specifically employed to enhance hemostatic effects. The fire-based processing (carbonization) is believed to modify its chemical composition and efficacy, yet the transformations and their impact on sensory and bioactive properties remain poorly understood. AIM OF THE STUDY:This study aimed to comprehensively analyze the chemical changes in Selaginellae Herba during carbonization and correlate them with measurable sensory traits, thereby evaluating whether carbonization preserves or optimizes the herbal properties. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Untargeted metabolomics using UPLC-QE-Orbitrap-MS/MS and Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking (GNPS) was applied to compare crude (SH-Cr), properly processed (SH-Ca), Insufficiently processed (ISH-Ca), and Excessively processed (ESH-Ca) samples. Multimodal sensory profiling was conducted using electronic eye (color parameters L∗/a∗/b∗), electronic nose (volatiles), and electronic tongue (taste). Multivariate statistical analyses, including OPLS-DA, were used to identify heat-sensitive markers, and Pearson correlation analysis was employed to link compositional changes with sensory attributes. RESULTS:A total of 83 compounds were unequivocally identified (77 by UPLC-QE-Orbitrap-MS/MS & 6 via GNPS), primarily flavonoids and phenolic acids. Key biflavones such as amentoflavone decreased significantly, while aglycones like apigenin increased, indicating glycoside hydrolysis and biflavone cleavage. OPLS-DA identified 31 potential markers (e.g., glutamic acid, VIP = 1.43). Color parameter b∗ (yellowness) showed a strong negative correlation with biflavones (e.g., robustaflavone, r = -0.932) and a positive correlation with aglycones (e.g., kaempferol, r = 0.866). Volatile profiles and bitterness were also significantly associated with flavonoid transformations (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS:SH-Ca achieved an optimal balance between flavonoid transformation and desirable sensory outcomes, supporting the traditional use of carbonization to enhance the properties of Selaginellae Herba. These findings provide a scientific basis for optimizing processing parameters to ensure quality and efficacy.

A high-performance liquid chromatography method using pre-column derivatization with 6-aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate was developed to determine the content of 15 amino acids in the medicinal snakes Bungarus Parvus,Agkistrodon,and Zaocys.The results showed that the total amino acid(TAA)content ranged from 277.13 to 515.05 mg·g-1,with the top four amino acids in all three species being glutamic acid(Glu),glycine(Gly),aspartic acid(Asp),and lysine(Lys).The essential amino acid(EAA)content ranged from 74.56 to 203.94 mg·g-1,with Agkistrodon exhibiting the highest content.The non-essential amino acid(NEAA),semi-essential amino acid(semi-EAA),and medicinal amino acid(MAA)content ranged from 189.06 to 318.23,12.89 to 33.53,and 179.83 to 342.33 mg·g-1,respectively,with Zaocys having the highest content in these categories.Amino acid nutritional value was evaluated using the amino acid ratio(RAA),amino acid ratio coefficient(RCAA),and amino acid ratio coefficient score(SRCAA),and the results indicated that all three medicinal snakes possessed good nutritional value.The amino acid composition was similar across the species,though significant differences in content were observed.Based on these differences,an orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA)model was established,which could clearly distinguish between the three medicinal snake species.The key differences in amino acid content included Gly,tyrosine(Tyr),Glu,and serine(Ser),which may be related to the observed clinical application differences among the species.Further research into the mechanisms of these differential amino acids is expected to provide more insights into the clinical application disparities of these three medicinal snake species.

INTRODUCTION:In China, Typhae Pollen (TP) has been extensively utilized as a medicinal product, which is the dried pollen from the male inflorescences of Typha angustifolia L. (TA), Typha orientalis Presl (TO), or species within the same genus. However, existing methods for differentiating the botanical origin and controlling the quality of TP are confusing, unreliable, and unsystematic. OBJECTIVES:This study aims to elucidate the microstructural similarities and differences between pollen grains of the two species and to develop a comprehensive method for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of multiple flavonoids and phenolic acids in TP. METHODOLOGY:Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to examine the dried pollen grains. A comprehensive analytical approach was developed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection and quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry to quantitatively and qualitatively analyze 17 flavonoids and phenolic acids. Discrepancies in constituents were further explored using partial least squares discrimination analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis. RESULTS:Microscopic examination revealed distinct differences between the pollen grains of the two species, which could be distinguished using SEM. The analytical methods established for these 17 constituents-comprising 13 flavonoids and 4 phenolic acids-proved reliable and accurate. The flavonoid glycosides in TP could be categorized into three distinct groups. In TA, the average contents of constituents 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, and 12 were higher than in TO, whereas the reverse was true for constituents 7, 14, 16, and 17. Constituents 9, 10, and 13 were unique to TO. And constituent 14 should be chosen as a more appropriate quality indicator for TO. Chemometric techniques effectively differentiated between TA and TO. CONCLUSIONS:This study contributes to enhancing quality control and facilitating botanical origin identification of TP and provides an experimental foundation for improving its standards.

Sinapis Semen, as a traditional Chinese medicine, has an unclear relationship between its stir-frying degrees and sensory characteristics. Therefore, it is essential to develop a multi-index evaluation method to classify the processing degree of Sinapis Semen. Based on diverse intelligent sensory technologies and chemical analysis, the features of "color-aroma-taste-quality" of raw and stir-frying Sinapis Semen were systematically collected and objectively characterized, establishing discriminative models by integrating with machine learning. The results indicated that as the stir-frying increased, the overall color brightness diminished, the volatile constituents of sulfides and aromatic compounds exhibited a significant increase, and the taste discrepancies were primarily concentrated in saltiness, astringency, and sourness, which were related to the alkaloids and polyphenols contained in Sinapis Semen. Three machine learning models were employed to evaluate and compare their performance. TabTransformer achieved an accuracy of 96.92 % in single-source modeling using the NIRS data; on the fused dataset, TabTransformer and MLP attained accuracies of 100 % and 98.33 %, respectively, demonstrating the effective integration in handling multidimensional information from diverse data sources. This research successfully developed discrimination models for Sinapis Semen at varying processing degrees, providing a valuable reference for its standardized production, and offering a novel approach for process optimization of others.

OBJECTIVE:The genetic analysis, particularly focusing on the psbA-trnH region, aims to tackle the challenges linked to myrrh identification and improve quality control in medicinal and aromatic plant sectors. This process reveals the genetic diversity inherent in myrrh species, identifies adulterants, and assesses consistency with pharmacopoeia-designated species. METHODS:A meticulous investigation was conducted, involving twenty-five myrrh samples sourced from diverse origins and one adulterant sample. The methodology encompassed precise execution of DNA extraction, PCR amplification targeting the psbA-trnH region, sequencing, and subsequent data analysis. Additionally, the integration of GenBank data was employed to enrich the genetic analysis. RESULTS:The psbA-trnH region demonstrated 100% amplification efficiency across all myrrh samples, accurately identifying three distinct species-Commiphora gileadensis, Commiphora myrrha, and Commiphora edulis. Only 8% of samples aligned with pharmacopoeia-specified species, revealing a significant misalignment. The identified adulterant, Liquidambar formosana, underscored the efficacy of the genetic approach. Genetic distances and haplotype analysis offered insights into myrrh species diversity. Intraspecific and interspecific distances highlighted the discriminatory potential of the psbA-trnH region. A phylogenetic tree illustrated distinct genetic clusters among Commiphora species and Liquidambar formosana. CONCLUSIONS:It affirms the robustness of the psbA-trnH region for authenticating myrrh and emphasizes the necessity of adapting pharmacopoeial standards to accurately mirror genetic diversity. An avenue for exploring therapeutic variations within myrrh species and advocates collaboration among researchers, regulatory agencies, and industry stakeholders to fortify comprehensive quality management measures within the context of agronomy-focused herbal products.

中药学教育存在着教学方式僵化、人文环境不足、发展环境复杂、创新动力不足等问题.科教融合作为创新型中药学人才培养的新模式,为高等教育体系育人途径提供了新思路.创新型人才,尤其是具有实践能力的高质量人才的培养,必须以科研为中心,以学科知识为基础.科教融合模式通过优化教学过程、建立奖评机制、突破政策壁垒实现教学与科研的有机结合.中药产业作为民族产业中的重要组成部分,国际国内市场容量巨大,发展前景广阔,对相关从业人员的要求也逐步提高.因此,将科教融合模式应用于高等教育体系的构建,是培养高质量中药学创新型人才的必要趋势.

目的 利用HPLC特征图谱法比较车前Plantago asiatica L.和平车前Plantago depressa Willd.的化学成分差异,为中药车前草的鉴别和质量评价提供依据.方法 采用HPLC法,安捷伦TC-C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm)色谱柱,以甲醇-0.1%甲酸溶液为流动相,检测波长为330 nm.分别建立车前和平车前的HPLC特征图谱,对18 批样品进行检测并利用相似度评价软件对2 种车前草的相似度进行评价.结果 构建了两种车前的HPLC指纹图谱,9 批车前的相似度均大于0.933,9 批平车前的相似度均大于0.987,两种车前草的特征图谱差异明显,车前中共检测到5个共有峰,1 号峰大车前苷为最主要的特征峰;从平车前中可检测到11 个共有峰,其中毛蕊花糖苷(5 号峰)为最主要的特征峰;特征性成分木通苯乙醇苷B可用于区分两种车前草.结论 所建立的方法简便高效,可用于两种车前草的区分和质量研究.

目的 比较不同采收期茶枝柑青皮中黄酮类成分的差异,为青皮的质量评价提供依据.方法 采用UHPLC法建立指纹图谱,对不同采收期的青皮进行相似度评价,同时测定并比较不同采收期样品中芸香柚皮苷、橙皮苷、香蜂草苷、甜橙黄酮、川陈皮素、3',4',3,5,6,7,8-七甲氧基黄酮、5-去甲川陈皮素和桔皮素的含量.结果 建立了青皮的UHPLC指纹图谱,共指认了 8个特征峰,7～9月采收的青皮相似度大于0.97,5月份与其他月份的相似度均小于0.8.8个黄酮类成分的总量随着生长期的增长而减少,5月采收的个青皮中芸香柚皮苷、橙皮苷、香蜂草苷含量明显高于其他月份,而3',4',3,5,6,7,8-七甲氧基黄酮含量明显低于其他月份;甜橙黄酮、川陈皮素、5-去甲川陈皮素、桔皮素的含量在不同采收期变化不明显.聚类分析与主成分分析均可将5月采收的样品与7～9月采收的样品分开.结论 不同采收期的茶枝柑青皮中黄酮类成分的含量差异较大,本文可为青皮药材的质量控制提供依据.