目的:比较应用8股腘绳肌移植物及4股腘绳肌移植物重建合并低度轴移(轴移1+)的前交叉韧带(ACL)损伤的临床效果.方法:回顾性分析从2019年10月至2021年3月北京积水潭医院收治的ACL损伤患者,入选患者术前麻醉下检查轴移试验为1度且有术后一年以上随访结果.采用8股腘绳肌移植物重建ACL的患者为A组,4股腘绳肌移植物重建ACL的患者为B组.评估术前及术后最少1年随访时,Lachman试验、KT-1000侧-侧差值、轴移试验、Lysholm评分以及国际膝关节文献委员会(IKDC)评分的组内和组间变化.结果:A组患者50例,平均随访时间14.8±6.2个月;B组患者50例,平均随访13.7±3.3个月.末次随访时,两组患者的主客观评估指标均较术前显著改善(P<0.05).组间比较显示,末次随访时A、B两组患者的Lachman试验、KT-1000侧-侧差值、Lysholm评分以及IKDC评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);A组轴移试验均为阴性,B组轴移试验44例阴性,6例1+,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:合并低度轴移(轴移1+)的ACL损伤患者,应用8股自体腘绳肌作为移植物重建ACL,较4股腘绳肌移植物,可显著降低术后膝关节轴移发生率.

目的:比较小切口腘肌腱再张力化手术和关节镜下腘肌腱重建术治疗A型膝关节后外侧旋转不稳定的临床疗效.方法:从2012年3月至2018年8月,满足下列要求的患者入选本研究:(1)在我院行小切口腘肌腱再张力化手术或关节镜下腘肌腱重建术的A型后外旋转不稳定患者;(2)最少2年随访,并有麻醉下查体及二次关节镜探查结果.小切口腘肌腱再张力化手术组为A组,关节镜下腘肌腱重建术组为B组.评估Lysholm评分、Tegner评分以及IKDC主观评分,拨号试验侧侧差值、应力像下胫骨后移以及外侧沟通过试验阳性率的组内和组间变化.结果:本研究A组患者40例,平均随访时间34.9±9.2个月,B组患者38例,平均随访33.7±3.6个月.末次随访时,两组患者的主客观评估指标均较术前获得了显著改善.组间比较显示,两组的Lysholm评分、Tegner评分以及IKDC主观评分均无显著差异.客观评估方面,拨号试验侧侧差值为A组2.8±2.9,B组2.4±2.6,应力像下胫骨后移A组4.4±3.4 mm,B组4.4±3.2 mm,无显著差异(P=0.988),外侧沟通过试验阳性率A组5.0％(2/40),B组2.6％(1/38),无显著性差异(P=0.964).结论:小切口腘肌腱再张力化手术和关节镜下腘肌腱重建术治疗A型膝关节后外旋转不稳定均可取得满意的效果,且二者的疗效无显著差异.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between anterior tibial translation (ATT) and bony morphology around the knee after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury.Methods:A total of 67 patients diagnosed with acute ACL injury without any meniscal lesions were enrolled in this study between September 2019 and August 2020. Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were used to measure the ATT of the lateral compartment, and bony morphology was assessed by measuring lateral femoral condyle (LFC) length, LFC height, lateral tibial plateau (LTP) length, LTP slope and by calculating the following ratios: LFC ratio (LFC length/LFC height), knee extension ratio (LFC length/LTP length), and knee flexion ratio (LFC height/LTP length). The status of the anterolateral ligament (ALL) was assessed by preoperative MRI scans and classified as completely injured (44 patients), partially injured (19 patients), or intact (4 patients). The ATT was compared between patients with completely injured ALL and those with partially injured or intact ALL. Pearson correlation analysis between the ATT and each bony variable was performed in ALL-completely-injured patients and ALL-partially-injured or intact patients.Results:Of the 67 patients, 33 were male and 34 were female, with a mean of age 31.7±9.7 years (range 15-47 years). The average of time interval between ACL injury and MRI examination was 26.0±22.0 days (95% CI: 20.7, 31.4 d). The ATT of the lateral compartment was 5.6±4.0 mm (range, -4.9-16.2 mm), the average of LFC length was 37.3±2.5 mm (range, 30.5-43.2 mm), the average of LFC height was 37.4±3.6 mm (range, 30.6-46.3 mm), the average of LTP length was 46.9±4.1 mm (range, 39.0-56.8 mm), the average of LTP slope was 6.3°±3.1° (range, -3.7°-11.6°), LFC ratio was 100.4%±8.1% (range, 84.1%-119.0%), knee extension ratio was 80.0%±5.8% (range, 66.1%-96.3%), and knee flexion ratio was 80.0%±6.0% (range, 66.4%-93.8%). The ATT was greater in patients with completely injured ALL than in patients with partially injured or intact ALL (6.4±4.3 mm vs. 3.9±2.8 mm, t=2.52, P=0.014). The ATT was negatively correlated with LFC height ( r=-0.43, P<0.001) and LTP length ( r=-0.35, P=0.004) and was positively correlated with LFC ratio ( r=0.48, P<0.001), knee extension ratio ( r=0.36, P=0.003), and LTP slope ( r=0.29, P=0.018). All these correlations were still statistically significant in patients with complete ALL injury ( P<0.05), but were no significant in patients with partial ALL injury or intact ALL ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Bony morphology of the distal femur and proximal tibia was associated with ATT after ACL injury. Such an association was more dramatic in patients with a complete ALL injury.

目的:探究在应用同一种测量方法时,下肢全长侧位X线片及短节段膝关节侧位X线片上胫骨平台后倾角(posterior tibial slope,PTS)测量值的差异.方法:回顾性分析并纳入100例于我科接受了前交叉韧带(anterior cruciate ligament,ACL)重建的患者,应用同一种测量方法分别在下肢全长侧位X线片及短节段膝关节侧位X线片上进行PTS的测量,PTS定义为胫骨轴线的垂线与胫骨平台前后向切线的夹角.然后对测量结果进行对比、分析,此外还计算出两种测量值的绝对值差异及其频数分布.结果:本研究共计纳入100例ACL损伤患者.在下肢全长侧位X线片及短节段膝关节侧位X线片上PTS的测量值分别为15.2° ±3.8°和13.2° ±3.6°,其差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01).此外,50％的患者其在下肢全长及短节段膝关节侧位X线片上PTS的测量差值≥2.0°.结论:PTS测量值的大小会受到测量过程中胫骨轴线长短的显著影响;当评价PTS在ACL损伤、重建后失效中所起的作用时,测量过程中选取的胫骨长度应与测量值大小受到同样程度的重视.

目的:探究在肩关节镜术后全身麻醉复苏期采用优质护理干预对减少患者复苏期躁动(EA)的临床效果及其影响因素.方法:选取2020年10月至2021年4月在全身麻醉下行肩关节镜下肩袖修复手术的患者100例,并随机分为两组,对照组50例实施麻醉复苏期的基础护理,观察组50例在此基础上采取优质护理干预.根据Richmond量表记录患者EA评分.比较两组拔管时间、苏醒时间、复苏期低体温、复苏期寒战和EA的差异,通过多元Logistic回归分析观察组发生EA的危险因素.结果:观察组EA的发生率和评分分别为22％和0(0,0)分[M(P25,P75)],低于对照组的64％和1(0,2)分[M(P25,P75)](P<0.05).观察组的拔管时间、苏醒时间、复苏期低体温发生率和复苏期寒战发生率均小于对照组(P<0.05).观察组发生EA的独立危险因素为男性(OR=8.763,P=0.025)和复苏期低体温(OR=7.006,P=0.030).结论:全身麻醉复苏期的优质护理干预能够降低肩关节镜术后患者复苏期躁动的发生率,男性和复苏期低体温是采取优质护理干预下仍然发生复苏期躁动的独立危险因素.

目的:探究前交叉韧带(anterior cruciate ligament,ACL)重建术后24小时膝关节引流量的影响因素.方法:对2019年10月至2020年6月连续收治的ACL损伤并接受ACL重建术的99例患者进行回顾性研究.根据术后24小时关节内引流量将患者分为两组:研究组引流量>100 ml,46例;对照组引流量≤100 ml,53例.比较组间人口学数据、病史资料和术中情况,术中情况包括:骨隧道直径、是否行髁间窝成型、半月板情况、手术时长及术中出血量.通过多元Logistic回归分析引流量>100 ml的危险因素.结果:入选患者男78例,女21例,年龄29.3±8.6岁(16～49岁),体质指数(BMI)25.5±3.2 kg/m2.术后24小时平均引流量为112.9±71.0 ml.术后24小时引流量>100 ml的独立危险因素为男性(OR=3.887,P=0.035)、骨隧道直径>8 mm(OR=3.291,P=0.037)和行髁间窝成型(OR=3.332,P=0.016).半月板损伤时,研究组行半月板部分切除的患者比例高于对照组(61.8％vs 30.3％,χ2=6.668,P=0.010).结论:男性、骨隧道直径>8 mm和行髁间窝成型是ACL重建术后引流量增多的独立危险因素,行半月板部分切除导致引流量进一步增加,术后留置关节内引流对存在上述特征的患者更为必要.

Objective:To investigate the short-term clinical outcomes of patients who received combined anterior closing-wedge high tibial osteotomy (ACW-HTO) and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction in treating chronic ACL injury with increased posterior tibial slope (PTS).Methods:From January 2017 to June 2018, a total of 54 patients (46 males and 8 females, mean age 30.8±3.9 years, range from 20 to 42 years) with chronic (time from injury to surgery was more than 6 months) ACL injury and increased PTS (>17°) were retrospectively analyzed. Eighteen of them received combined ACW-HTO and ACL reconstruction (ACW-HTO+ACL reconstruction group), while the remaining 36 received isolated ACL reconstruction (ACL reconstruction group). The demographic data, pre-operative and post-operative anterior tibial translation, pivot-shift result, KT-1000 side-to-side difference, subjective Lysholm score, Tegner activity score, and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) objective grading system were collected and compared between the two groups.Results:There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of age, sex, body mass index, time from injury to surgery and proportion of patients with concomitant medial or lateral meniscus tear ( P>0.05). At 2-year's follow-up, the anterior tibial translation in the ACW-HTO+ACL reconstruction group was 0.9±0.4 mm, which was significantly smaller than that in the ACL reconstruction group 7.3±1.5 mm ( t=10.049, P<0.001). Moreover, there was significant difference in the pivot-shift result between the two groups (ACW-HTO+ACL reconstruction group: 18 low-grade vs. ACL reconstruction group: 31 low-grade, 5 high-grade) (χ 2=16.071, P<0.001). The KT-1000 side-to-side difference in the ACW-HTO+ACL reconstruction group was 1.5±0.6 mm, which was significantly smaller than that in the ACL reconstruction group 4.4±1.2 mm ( t=13.858, P<0.001). In addition, the subjective Lysholm score in the ACW-HTO+ACL reconstruction group was 93.3±4.3, which was significantly higher than that in the ACL reconstruction group 80.3±6.3 ( t=12.176, P<0.001). The Tegner activity score in the ACW-HTO+ACL reconstruction group was 7.3±0.9, which was significantly higher than that in the ACL reconstruction group 6.8±0.6 ( t=6.356, P=0.043). There was significant difference in terms of the IKDC objective grading system between the two groups (ACW-HTO+ACL reconstruction group: 17 grade A, 1 grade B vs. ACL reconstruction group: 29 grade A, 5 grade B, 2 grade C) (χ 2=12.351, P<0.001). Conclusion:The combined ACW-HTO and ACL reconstruction showed superior short-term knee stability and functional scores compared with the isolated ACL reconstruction in treating chronic ACL injury with increased PTS.

Objective:To explore the risk factors of primary anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction failure.Methods:From November 2015 to May 2017, a total of 178 consecutive patients with clinically diagnosed non-contact ACL injury were treated and followed-up more than 2 years. Twenty-five patients (post-operative failure group) who underwent completely ruptured ACL graft confirmed by MRI, positive pivot-shift test, more than 5 mm side-to-side difference (SSD) measured by KT-1000 arthrometer, more than 5 mm static anterior tibial translation (ATT) measured on MRI were determined to be ACL reconstruction failure. They were matched in a 1∶2 fashion to 50 non-failure patients (post-operative non-failure group), who showed intact ACL graft 2 years after ACL reconstruction. The sex, age, body mass index (BMI), affected side, meniscal injury side, time from injury to surgery, KT-1000 SSD, pivot shift test under anesthesia, follow-up duration, posterior tibial slope (PTS) and ATT measured on the pre-operative weight-bearing whole leg radiographs between the two groups were compared using univariate analysis. Moreover, the predictors of ACL reconstruction failure were assessed by multivariable conditional Logistic regression analysis.Results:Post-operative failure group had a significantly higher PTS and ATT values than those in the post-operative non-failure group (17.21°±2.20° vs 14.36°±2.72°, t=4.395, P<0.001; 8.29±3.42 mm vs 4.09±3.06 mm, t=5.504, P<0.001). The sex, age, BMI, affected side, meniscal injury side, time from injury to surgery, KT-1000 SSD, pivot shift test under anesthesia, follow-up duration between the two groups showed no significant difference ( P>0.05). Multivariable Logistic regressions indicated that PTS≥17° ( OR=15.62, P=0.002) and ATT≥6 mm ( OR=9.91, P=0.006) were independent risk factors for primary ACL reconstruction failure. However, sex, age, BMI, meniscal lesions, degree of pivot shift test, KT-1000 SSD were not the independent risk factors. Conclusion:PTS≥17° and ATT≥6 mm could increase the risk of primary ACL reconstruction failure.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical, radiological and arthroscopic outcomes after surgical repair for chronic lateral meniscus posterior root (LMPR) avulsion combined with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction.Methods:From July 2015 to June 2017, a total of 33 patients who underwent transtibial pull-out suture repair for chronic LMPR avulsion combined with anatomic single-bundle ACL reconstruction with hamstring graft were retrospectively reviewed. There were 30 males and 3 females with an average age of 27.7±7.5 years (range 17-45 years) and a mean BMI of 25.2±3.7 kg/m 2 (range 19.4-36.7 kg/m 2). All patients were available for at least two years of follow-up. A second-look arthroscopy was performed to evaluate the healing status of the repaired meniscus. Subjective knee function was assessed through Lysholm and Tegner scores. Objective knee stability was evaluated using KT-1000 arthrometer side-to-side difference (SSD) and pivot shift test under anesthesia. The tibiofemoral relationship was evaluated by anterior tibial subluxation (ATS) measured on axial MRI. Between patients with preoperative ATS ≥6 mm (18 patients in the ATS positive group) and <6 mm (15 patients in the ATS negative group), the postoperative ATS and the reduction of ATS was also compared. Results:After a mean follow-up of 27.5±4.0 months (range 24-39 months), the LMPR avulsion completely healed in 23 (70%) cases, partially healed in 9 (27%) cases, failed to heal in 1 (3%) case on second-look arthroscopy. The Lysholm score was increased from 60.4±13.6 to 82.7±11.1 at 1 year and to 91.4±9.1 at 2 years operatively ( F=155.996, P<0.001). The Tegner score was increased from 3(2, 5) to 4(3, 5) at 1 year and 6(4, 6) at 2 years postoperatively (χ 2=47.791, P<0.001). The KT-1000 SSD was decreased from 9.1±3.3 mm to 2.0±1.7 mm ( t=11.197, P<0.001). The result of pivot shift test was also improved (10 grade I, 20 grade II, 3 grade III, preoperatively vs 30 grade 0, 3 grade I, postoperatively, U=5.161, P<0.001). The ATS was reduced from 5.7±3.9 mm to 3.5±3.2 mm ( t=3.530, P=0.001). However, there was no statistically significant decrease in the ATS of the ATS negative group ( t=0.400, P=0.695). The ATS of the ATS positive group was reduced from 8.7±1.8 mm to 5.0±3.3 mm ( t=4.765, P<0.001), and the ATS reduction of the ATS positive group was greater than that of the ATS negative group (3.7±3.3 mm vs 0.3±2.8 mm, t=3.115, P=0.004). Conclusion:In patients undergoing ACL reconstruction, the transtibial pull-out suture repair for chronic LMPR avulsion yielded meniscus healing rate of 97% with improved subjective knee function and objective knee stability and better restored the tibiofemoral relationship for patients with excessive ATS.

目的:探讨对于行内侧髌股韧带(medial patellofemoral ligament,MPFL)重建的复发性髌骨脱位患者,术前髌骨轨迹J形征分度对术后短期临床结果的影响.方法:从2016年1月至2018年12月连续诊断为复发性髌骨脱位的患者中选取符合纳入标准的患者104名,平均手术时年龄为21岁.根据术前髌骨轨迹J形征分度将患者分为Ⅰ度组、Ⅱ度组和Ⅲ度组,术后采用髌骨切线位应力像评估髌骨术后稳定性,同时评估术前及术后Kujala评分,并比较其在上述三组间的差异.结果:Ⅲ度组患者平均股骨前倾角、胫骨外旋角和高位髌骨发生率均大于Ⅰ度组和Ⅱ度组,差异具有统计学意义.所有患者术前平均Kujala评分为54分,术后为86分,差异具有统计学意义.亚组分析结果显示,Ⅲ度组患者的术后Kujala评分低于Ⅰ度组及Ⅱ度组,差异具有统计学意义.股骨前倾角≥30°的患者,其术后Kujala评分低于股骨前倾角<30°的患者,差异具有统计学意义(P=0.023).随访期间无患者发生髌骨再脱位,但Ⅲ度组中有6人(18.8％)存在术后MPFL残存松弛,而Ⅰ度组和Ⅱ度组均无MPFL残存松弛现象,差异具有统计学意义.结论:对于行单纯MPFL重建或联合胫骨结节内移截骨的复发性髌骨脱位患者,术前III度J形征对术后短期临床结果及髌骨稳定性存在负面影响.股骨前倾角增大、胫骨外旋角增大以及高位髌骨可能是复发性髌骨脱位出现Ⅲ度J形征的危险因素.

Objective To investigate the association between high-grade pivot-shift and complete lateral meniscus posterior root (LMPR) tear in patients with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ruptures.Methods From January 2013 to December 2017,a total of 86 ACL injured patients with LMPR tears were reviewed retrospectively.There were 66 males and 20 females with an average age of 27.8±8.3 years (range 16-49 years) and an mean BMI of 25.1±3.2 kg/m2 (range 17.4-33.9 kg/m2).The average duration from injury to surgery was 33.5±79.4 weeks (range 3 days to 11 years).All patients were classified into high-grade pivotshift group (60 patients of IKDC grade Ⅱ-Ⅲ) and low-grade pivot-shift group (26 patients of IKDC grade 0-I) according to the results of pivot-shift tests under anesthesia before ACL reconstructions.Predictive factors of high-grade pivot-shift were analyzed by multivariable Logistic regression,involving degree of LMPR tear,integrity of meniscofemoral ligament,width of lateral meniscal extrusion,KT-1000 arthrometer side-to-side difference,age,sex,and BMI.Results The prevalence of complete LMPR tear in high-grade pivot-shift group was higher than that in low-grade pivot-shift group.High-grade pivot-shift was associated to complete LMPR tear [OR=4.096,95％CI(1.339,12.371),P=0.013] and KT-1000 arthrometer side-to-side difference [OR=9.632,95％CI (3.095,29.975),P＜0.001].The association between high-grade pivot-shift and complete LMPR tear was more striking in patients with duration from injury to surgery ≥12 weeks [OR=8.343,95％CI(1.224,56.853),P=0.030].High-grade pivot-shift did not associated with meniscofemoral ligament,lateral meniscal extrusion,age,sex and BMI (P＞0.05).Conclusion In patients with ACL ruptures,complete LMPR tear was an independent risk factor of high-grade pivot-shift,especially for patients with 12 weeks at least duration from injury to surgery.

Objective To investigate the risk factors of J sign in patients with recurrent patellar dislocation, and to estab?lish a new grading system of J sign. Methods From January 2017 to August 2018, a consecutive case series of 111 recurrent pa?tellar dislocation patients were included in the present study. Among these patients, a total of 68 patients had positive J sign (J sign (+) group), and the remaining 43 patients had negative J sign (J sign (-) group). Caton index, Dejour classification, tibial tuber?osity?trochlear groove (TT?TG) distance and rotational parameters of the lower extremity (including femoral anteversion angle, ex?ternal tibial torsion angle and knee rotation angle) were measured to compare the differences of these parameters between the inter?vention group and control group. Furthermore, the risk factors of J sign were analyzed in detail. Meanwhile, a new grading system of J sign was introduced based on the extent and form of lateral patellar shift. Results The prevalence of J sign in recurrent patel?lar dislocation was 61.3% (68/111). Univariate analysis showed that femoral anteversion angle (t=3.376, P=0.001), knee rotation angle (t=4.886, P=0.001), TT?TG distance (t=3.177, P=0.002) and prevalence of patellar alta (χ2=9.809, P=0.002) were much high?er in the J sign (+) group, and the differences were statistically significant when compared with the J sign (-) group. Multivariate Logistic regressions demonstrated that increased femoral anteversion angle ( OR=1.118, P=0.012), enlarged knee rotation angle ( OR=1.178, P=0.016) and patella alta ( OR=3.229, P=0.040) were independent risk factors of J sign in patients with recurrent pa?tellar dislocation. Conclusion Increased femoral anteversion angle, enlarged knee rotation angle, and patellar alta were strongly associated with J sign. These factors may be independent risk factors of J sign in patients with recurrent patellar dislocation.

目的:探究膝关节前交叉韧带(anterior cruciate ligament,ACL)急性损伤后出现过度胫骨前移(anterior tibial translation,ATT)的危险因素.方法:回顾性分析自2017年1月至2019年6月在我科因急性ACL损伤行ACL重建术的患者资料,资料完整且符合纳入及排除标准的共计141例患者被纳入本研究,其中男性106例、女性35例.在下肢负重位全长X线片上测量胫骨前移,ATT≥6 mm定义为过度胫骨前移,该组患者为病例组,ATT<6 mm的患者归入对照组.首先采用单因素分析比较两组间年龄、性别、体质指数(body mass index,BMI)、受伤至手术时间、半月板损伤、胫骨平台后倾角及体格检查结果是否存在显著性差异,然后采用多因素Logistic回归分析确定前交叉韧带损伤后出现过度胫骨前移的危险因素.结果:ATT≥6 mm的患者77例为病例组,ATT<6 mm的患者64例为对照组.单因素分析结果显示两组间轴移试验及胫骨平台后倾角存在显著差异,多因素logistic回归分析进一步确认异常增大的胫骨平台后倾角(PTS≥17°)(OR=4.22,P<0.001)和高度轴移(OR=2.46,P=0.037)是急性前交叉韧带损伤后ATT≥6 mm的独立危险因素;而半月板损伤、年龄、性别、BMI等与ATT之间无显著相关性.结论:急性前交叉韧带损伤后,PTS≥17°和高度轴移是ATT≥6 mm的独立危险因素.

目的:探究前交叉韧带(anterior cruciate ligament,ACL)撕裂伴有或不伴外侧半月板后角根部(lateral meniscus posterior root,LMPR)损伤对膝关节前外旋转稳定性的影响.方法:对2015年1月至2017年12月我院连续收治的ACL撕裂并接受韧带重建术的患者进行回顾性研究.根据关节镜探查结果将全部病例分为两组,研究组纳入ACL撕裂合并LMPR损伤病例(ACL+LMPR组),对照组纳入单纯ACL撕裂病例(ACL组).研究组根据术前核磁中半月板股骨韧带(meniscofemoral ligament,MFL)信号是否消失进一步分为两个亚组,损伤者纳入MFL-亚组,完整者纳入MFL+亚组.比较组间人口学数据、病史资料及膝关节稳定性差异,膝关节稳定性评估包括:Lachman试验、KT-1000侧侧差值、轴移试验以及胫骨前移.结果:LMPR合并损伤率在伤后时间超过6周后显著上升(P=0.048).与单纯ACL撕裂患者相比,ACL撕裂合并LMPR损伤患者的高度轴移阳性率显著升高(P<0.001),胫骨前移显著增加(P=0.001).MFL损伤与否对膝关节稳定性无进一步影响.结论:对于ACL撕裂同时合并LMPR损伤的患者,其膝关节动态及静态前外旋转稳定性均进一步下降.

目的:探讨复发性髌骨脱位患者伴有高度髌骨轨迹不良的发生率及危险因素.方法:从2017年1月至2018年8月连续诊断为复发性髌骨脱位的患者中选取符合纳入标准的患者共117名,根据膝关节0°伸直位时髌股关节的对合关系将髌骨轨迹分为3类:正常或接近正常、低度轨迹不良、高度轨迹不良,其中存在高度轨迹不良的患者为病例组,其余患者为对照组.测量Caton指数、Dejour分型、TT-TG和下肢旋转参数(股骨前倾角、胫骨外旋角及关节扭转角),比较上述参数在病例组和对照组中的差异,探究复发性髌骨脱位患者出现高度髌骨轨迹不良的危险因素.结果:本研究中,复发性髌骨脱位伴高度髌骨轨迹不良的发生率为21.4％(25/117);单因素分析显示病例组的股骨前倾角、关节扭转角和高位髌骨发生率大于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示股骨前倾角增大、关节扭转角增大和高位髌骨是复发性髌骨脱位患者出现高度髌骨轨迹不良的危险因素.结论:在本研究所涉及的复发性髌骨脱位患者中,高度髌骨轨迹不良的发生率为21.4％(25/117);股骨前倾角增大、关节扭转角增大以及高位髌骨可能是复发性髌骨脱位患者出现高度髌骨轨迹不良的危险因素.

目的:比较关节镜下与切开腘肌腱重建术治疗A型膝关节后外侧旋转不稳定的临床疗效.方法:2012年3月至2016年5月,共81名患者接受腘肌腱重建术治疗.其中38名符合条件的患者根据手术方式被分为关节镜组(A组,n=21)和切开手术组(B组,n=17),术后4周、8周、1年以及此后的每年进行主观、客观临床评估以及二次关节镜检查(外侧沟通过试验).结果:本研究A组患者平均随访时间32.0±5.5个月,B组患者平均随访34.4±12.6个月.末次随访时,两组患者的主客观评估指标均获得了显著改善(P＜0.05).组间比较显示,两组的Lysholm评分、Tegner评分以及IKDC主观评分均无显著差异.客观评估方面,两组间应力像下胫骨后移侧侧差值(A组:4.0±3.2 mm,B组:5.0±2.9 mm;P=0.336)以及外侧沟通过试验阳性率(A组:1/21,4.8％,B组:2/17,11.8％;P=0.426)均无显著差异.结论:关节镜下和切开腘肌腱重建术均可以显著改善A型膝关节后外侧旋转不稳定患者术后的主客观临床效果,二者的疗效无显著差异.

目的:关节镜下外侧沟通过试验(lateral gutter drive-through sign,LGDT)对于诊断急慢性腘肌腱损伤具有高特异度和敏感度.但是,目前尚无文献报道该试验应用于评估后交叉韧带(Posterior Cruciate Ligament,PCL)和后外侧复合体(Posterolateral Complex,PLC)损伤术后效果.本研究目的为报道PCL重建和PLC损伤术后随访结果,并用关节镜下LGDT试验辅助评估.方法:2011年10月至2014年10月,共74例接受PCL重建术和PLC手术治疗的连续病例.其中,符合入选标准的患者48例.共46例患者获得33.1±10.3月的随访,年龄25.6±6.8岁.全部患者中,共26例A型损伤、10例B型损伤以及10例C型损伤.共20例急性、26例慢性病例.全部患者均在术前、术后4周、8周、1年、术后2年以及此后的每年进行主观评分[Lysholm评分、Tegner评分以及国际膝关节文件委员会(International Knee Documentation Committee,IKDC)评分]以及体格检查(拨号试验外旋角侧侧差值、后方应力和外侧应力像测量),在内固定物取出术时行二次关节镜下外侧沟通过试验.结果:末次随访时,全部主观评分的改善具有统计学意义.应力像下胫骨后移侧侧差值从19.0±8.5 mm降低到5.4±4.9 mm(P<0.001),拨号试验外旋角侧侧差值从18.2±14.0°降低为1.2±7.1°(P<0.001).另外,LGDT阴性患者与LGDT阳性患者相比,主观评分显著增加,应力像下胫骨后移侧侧差值以及拨号试验外旋角侧侧差值显著降低.结论:在PCL重建和PLC手术治疗的患者中,(1)末次随访时,患者术后的主客观结果均获得显著改善;(2)外侧沟通过试验阴性的患者较外侧沟通过试验阳性的患者临床效果显著提高.

目的:探讨对于行内侧髌股韧带重建联合胫骨结节内移截骨的复发性髌骨脱位患者,股骨前倾角对于术后髌骨稳定性的影响.方法:从2014年1月至2016年12月连续诊断为复发性髌骨脱位的患者中选取符合纳入标准的患者44名,根据股骨前倾角大小将患者分为前倾角增大组和前倾角正常组,在术前及术后二次关节镜检查时采用髌骨切线位应力像评估术后髌骨稳定性,并比较其在上述两组间的差异.结果:共44例患者入选该研究,在所有纳入患者中,股骨前倾角平均值为23.3±11.2(4.4～53)度,其中27人股骨前倾角大于20度,为前倾角增大组(n=27),17人股骨前倾角小于20度,为前倾角正常组(n=17).对髌骨切线位应力像进行测量,术前前倾角增大组的髌骨外移距离为23.0±8.8 mm,前倾角正常组的髌骨外移距离为21.2±9.5 mm,两组差异无统计学意义(P=0.54).术后二次关节镜检查时,前倾角增大组患者的应力像下髌骨外移距离明显大于前倾角正常组(9.0 mm vs 3.8 mm),其差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论:对于行MPFL重建联合胫骨结节内移截骨的复发性髌骨脱位患者,增大的股骨前倾角对术后髌骨稳定性有负面影响,可能会增加术后髌骨的外向松弛度.