The development of 3D technologies, the wide spread and improvement of 3D printers, elaboration and use of new materials and their combinations have contributed to general availability of 3D printers in medicine. The use of 3D technology in surgery is possible in the following areas. First of all, there are a lot of various implants, which are widely used in dentistry, traumatology and reconstructive surgery. Secondly, 3D models are suitable for simulating surgical operation in complex cases. Thirdly, scanning and printing of organs and tissues with living cells, the so-called bioprinting, is progressively used. Fourthly, there is an experience of using 3D printers for creating medical instruments. Finally, 3D printers have been properly investigated to create various endoprostheses. Thereby, the perspective of 3D technologies is huge. They will necessarily be one of the dynamic areas in medicine, particulary in surgery in the nearest future.

AIM:To study neocollagenogenesis after implantation of polypropylene endoprosthesis and polypropylene combined with polylactic acid endoprosthesis on background of «potassium orotate» administration.MATERIAL AND METHODS:We used two different types of endoprosthesis in the experiment. The first type was made of just polypropylene, the second type was made of polypropylene combined with polylactic acid. Histological examination was performed using polarizing microscopy. Collagen types I and III ratio in connective tissue around the prosthesis was analyzed according to the color that was individual for each type.RESULTS:The results were significantly better in case of collagenogenesis stimulation with Potassium orotate within 30 days and later for one type of endoprosthesis. Also we revealed that collagenogenesis and paraprosthesis capsule formation were more active in case of combined endoprosthesis. We revealed stimulating action of «Potassium Orotate» for collegenogenesis process, this fact was proved by increased collagen I/III ratio.CONCLUSION:Optimization of collagenogenesis was based on persistent 1,37-fold increase of collagen I/III ratio in case of combined endoprosthesis after 90 days. It was manifested by accelerated formation of connective tissue capsule and facilitated early isolation of the implant from surrounding tissues.

Using the proper type of endoprosthesis which is combined with medicines reducing inflammation in the implantation area could decrease relapses as well as improve quality of treatment. We used endoprosthesis «Parietene ProGrip» when working with laboratory animals. The animals of the experimental group were given the solution of Solcoseryl every other day within 90 days, at first intraoperatively, then intraperitoneally. The animals from the control group didn't get the drug. The combination of «Parietene ProGrip» endoprosthesis together with Solcoseryl created special conditions for reducing inflammation area, increasing pool of fibroblasts. A capsule made from compact fibrous connective tissue formed a solid carcass whose main function was mechanical: keeping together filaments of endoprosthesis. It will set a lasting link with surrounded tissues and improve management results at the end.

Nowadays treating patients with hernia disease is a purely surgical question. Development and introduction of new materials for the replacement will certainly have a positive impact on the treatment of patients with hernias of the anterior abdominal wall, but do not solve the problem of dysplasia of connective tissue structures. The experimental study included 120 white laboratory mice. Animals were divided into two groups, 60 animals each. The division into two groups was due to using "Solkoseril". The effectiveness of "Solkoseril" on the formation of connective tissue was evaluated by counting the I and III types collagen in a paraprosthesis region, determining their ratio and density of connective tissue structures by using polarizing microscopy. The study revealed the collagen stimulating effect of "Solkoseril". The combination of a half-absorbable material for replacement therapy with "Solkoseril" allows to obtain maximum results, both for maturation of connective tissue structures and significant (p ≤ 0.05) increase in their density.

The disorders of collagen development and collagen type ratio in the connective tissue play the major role in developing hernia. To investigate the peculiarities of the collagen structure 134 patients divided into 2 groups were examined. The first group consisted of 85 patients, suffering from anterior abdominal wall hernias, and 49 patients of the second group showed neither signs of hernia nor connective tissue dysplasia. The investigation of the collagen fiber structure revealed that the bands of fibers are heterogeneous; each of them possesses longitudinal fibrillation. The collagen fibers of aponeurosis in patients with hernias are porous that leads to the anterior abdominal wall weakness and contributes to hernias development.