Background. Violation of the regeneration of the tracheal wall after undergoing reconstructive surgeries remains an urgent problem of modern surgery. One of the reasons for the violation of the regeneration processes is insufficient blood supply to the organ. Finding new ways to improve blood flow is a promising area of research. Aim. To evaluate the effectiveness of VEGF effect on the regeneration of the anterior tracheal surface in the early postoperative period. Materials and methods. The study included 60 male Wistar rats at the age of 10 months. All animals underwent tracheal reconstructive surgery; the animals were divided into three groups: group 1 – without medicinal film, group 2 – with prolonged-release medicinal film, group 3 – with prolonged-release medicinal film containing VEGF. The sampling of histological material was carried out on days 3, 7 and 21 of the study, using morphometry to determine the thickness of the tracheal wall, the thickness of the postoperative scar, the area of the surgical intervention zone, the area of the vessels, the ratio of the thickness of the postoperative scar to the wall thickness trachea and the ratio of the area of the vessels to the area of the surgical intervention zone. Results . It was revealed that when exposed to a long-acting medicinal film containing VEGF, significant histological changes occurred on day 7 of the study. In groups 1 and 2, healing occurred by day 21 and was accompanied by defects of the mucous membrane and cartilage. On day 7 in group 3, there was a complete epithelialization of the tracheal wall, an increase in the number of newly formed vessels and glands in the area of surgical intervention. Healing was carried out with a thin postoperative scar without defects in all layers of the tracheal wall. Conclusion . The results obtained indicate the stimulating effect of VEGF on the regeneration of the tracheal wall in the early postoperative period after undergoing reconstructive surgery. The use of VEGF reduces the time of postoperative wound healing and preserves the anatomical structure of the tracheal wall.

Introduction. Epidural fibrosis is an urgent problem in modern spinal surgery and orthopedics. The formation of connective tissue in the epidural space after performing surgical interventions on the spinal column inevitably leads to adhesion of the latter to the dura mater and compression of neural structures, followed by the formation of clinical and neurological symptoms. The  search for literary sources in domestic and foreign scientific databases has demonstrated the presence of several works studying the effectiveness of barrier methods for preventing the development of epidural fibrosis. It should be noted that the results of these studies are ambiguous and largely contradictory. The purpose was to study the effectiveness of using a spatially cross-linked polymer in the postoperative lumbar epidural fibrosis prevention in an experiment. Materials and methods. The study included 26 male Wistar rats (average body weight 338.5±9.07 g), which were divided into two groups: Group I (control, n = 12): animals underwent laminectomy at the level of vertebral bodies LVII – SI  without application of spatially crosslinked polymer; Group II (experimental, n = 14): animals underwent laminectomy at the level of vertebral bodies LVII – SI  followed by application of a spatially cross-linked polymer to the dura mater. The morphological and instrumental parameters were studied. Results. Significant differences were noted in the severity of epidural fibrosis (χ2 = 14.846, p = 0.003), the number of newly formed vessels (F = 14.371, p<0.001), the number of fibroblasts (F = 11.158, p<0.001), as well as in the severity of vertebral stenosis channe l according to multislice computed tomography (χ2 = 17.207, p=0.002) between the control and experimental groups of animals. Conclusion. Application of a spatially cross-linked polymer to the dura mater is an effective way to prevent the development of postoperative epidural fibrosis.

Purpose of the study: to examine and develop the best variant of formation of the intestinal anastomosis. Materials and methods: the experimental work analyzes the processes of regeneration in the area of the interintestinal anastomosis formed with a one-row continuous perforated, one-row continuous serous-muscular, two-row precision intestinal suture when performing surgeries on the Wistar white rats (n=45). Results and discussion: histological investigations of the anastomosis area carried out on the 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 days of the experiment showed a difference in the course of reparative processes in the anastomosis area depending on the method of application of intestinal sutures. Conclusions: Depending on the conducted morphological studies, the priority of application of two-row precision intestinal suture and feasibility of its application in the clinical practice among newborn children are proven.

The authors basing on study of Wistar rats’ hock anatomy substantiated the stages of surgical intervention on Achilles tendon. The indications of using this model in reconstructive surgery are given. The research established that the most optimal approach for reconstructive surgery of Achilles tendon is via posterior surface of the shin, exposure of tendon paratenon from tendomuscular transition up to the site of fixation of tendon to calcaneus. Suture material should be guided with a wire through middle part of tendon fanlike, for better fixation of threads. Attaching of threads with soft hub suture should be performed after passing from tendomuscular transition to the site of fixation of tendon to calcaneus directing suture top-down.

The aim of the present study is to analyze the dynamics of free circulating mtDNA level in blood after occlusion of the upper one-third left descending branch of the coronary artery. We showed that the concentration of free circulating mtDNA of blood tends to decrease 24 hours after ligation; it increased and reached values close to control samples 48 and 72 hours after ligation. These data define the need in further investigation of the dynamics of this parameter during later periods of myocardial infarction modeling that will contribute to objective evaluation of its significance for acute myocardial damage diagnostics and prognosis.

The aim of the study was to analyze the dynamics of level of free circulating mtDNA in blood in the experimental small-focal myocardial ischemia induced by subcutaneous injections of adrenaline. The level of mtDNA of blood plasma tended to decrease during first hours after adrenaline injection and it increased 2.5 times in 72 hours as compared to control subjects. A negative correlation was found between the dynamics of mtDNA level and activity of cytolysis biomarkers of the myocardium. These data open the opportunity for further research that will favor to the creation of new techniques for diagnostics and prognosis of acute myocardial injuries.

The paper presents the data on the basic sources of environmental contamination with lead and entry pathways to the human organism. The mechanisms of lead toxicity influence on the human organism are considered.

This work is devoted to a comparative analysis of phagocytosis in the healing of infected skin wounds under the influence of antiseptics (chlorhexidine bigluconate and “Anavidin”). Found that in the first study day in all the experimental groups phagocytic index (PI) and indicators of oxygen-biocidity neutrophils (NBT spontaneous and induced) increased with a simultaneous decrease of circulating immune complexes (CIC). Normalization of blood neutrophil phagocytic function in rats with simulated purulent wounds in the processing of “Anavidin” was observed on the 11th day, of chlorhexidine bigluconate – on the 19th day of the study. In the control group – without therapeutic interventions – violations, typical for the development of purulent wounds, have been observed.

The development of postoperative epidural fibrosis after lumbar discectomy is the most common and at the same time a controversial issue. Its etiology and pathogenesis still raises a great amount of discussion and selection of the best method of its treatment and prevention continues up to this day. In our work, we describe a new experimental model, where the elements of autologous intervertebral disc play the role of a trigger of inflammation, later epidural process, that leads to the development of postoperative scar-epiduritis.

The given work is devoted to a new way of assessing the viability of cultured embryonic liver cells in the culture medium. Found that when cultured derived cells produce hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) with a maximum concentration on the 5th day and increased by 3.5 times compared with the initial concentration, which will coincide with the peak of mitotic activity. Found positive correlation between the concentration of HGF and mitotic activity. The proposed method of assessing the viability of cultured liver cell can accurately set the time of maximum availability of cells for transplantation and standardize the content of the regulatory peptide of HGF in the culture medium.

Th e given work is devoted to the research of technology of taking, excretion and cultivating of neonatal spleen cells of pig for transplantation. Th e developed technology let us create a culture of spleen cells, which consists mostly of cell groups, there were 45,0 (40-55) % of isolated cells with containing 4,6 (4,1-4,8)  107 cells in 1 ml of suspension and proportion of viable cells 99,3 (98,9-99,4) %. Th e culture produced factor of hepatocytes growth with maximal values on the 5th day, when concentration in culture medium increased in 255 times.

In spite of more than one hundred years history of study of inflammatory diseases of the large intestine, their etiology is still unclear. At the end of the last century the separate form «indeterminate colitis» was singled out; it required reconsideration of etiopathogenesis and ideology in the treatment approach. Pathomorphism of inflammatory diseases of the large intestine and similarity of clinical and endoscopic symptoms at various nosological forms lead to definite difficulties in verifying the diagnosis. Correspondingly it influences the choice of treatment tactics, the prognosis, the course and the outcome of the disease. Modern methods of laboratory and instrumental diagnostics do not always allow to decide on the diagnosis, however it becomes possible with coordinated work of clinicians, morphologists and diagnosticians.