Comparative efficacy of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the immunochromatographic method (ICM) in the etiolo! gical decoding of severe pneumococcal pneumonia is lacking, which hinders the optimal choice of the method of laboratory diagnosis for practitioners. The aim of the study – the comparative evaluation of the specificity and sensitivity of PCR and ICM in severe pneumococcal pneumonia verification. Methods of investigation. Еvaluation of PCR and ICM sensitivity and specificity was conducted on the basis of Perm regio! nal clinical infectious diseases hospital in 2012-2015, when 32 patients with severe community!acquired pneumonia were exa! mined. As a «gold standard» bacteriological method was used. Results. In diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia using ICM high sensitivity – 84,2 % and specificity – 92,3 % was set. PCR’s sensitivity was 73,6 %, specificity – 69,2 %. Scope. Practical health. Conclusion. The study on diagnostic value of two laboratory tests used in severe pneumococcal pneumonia verification sho! wed clear advantages of ICM with respect to PCR.

Comparative evaluation of morbidity in patients of somatic-psychiatric department and in adult population of Perm region for 5 years was carried out in our research work. It was determined, that long-time average annual of morbidity in patients of somatic-psychiatric department was higher in 1.82 times and more intensive upward trend. Significant differences in the nosological structure were defined. The leading classes of diseases in somatic-psychiatric department were combined forms of complex diseases of the digestive system and respiratory tract, and diseases of the digestive system in combination with suppurant processes. Herewith leading pathologies were diseases of the digestive system, respiratory system, urogenital system, skin, subcutaneous tissue, musculo-skeletal system and connective tissue. The diseases of the respiratory tract, urinary and digestive systems were dominated among population of Perm region.

The article is devoted to the review existing in the world practice of perceptions of safety of medical care, especially biosafety. The authors defined and outlined the general epidemiological safety of medical care. Definition and general provisions of epidemiological safety of medical care was given by authors. The most actual tasks which are required for development and deployment in practice of health care of epidemiological safety as making system of ensuring quality and safety of medical care are defined.

Scientific substantiation of bacteriological research of the placenta for forecasting the etiology of PSI of lying-in women in the early postnatal period held in analytical epidemiological prospective cohort study. About 233 lying-in women were under the supervision. It was determined, that contamination of placenta was 81,5%. There were significant differences between the quantitative and qualitative composition of the microbial landscape of central and marginal part of placenta. It was determined, that the microflora of marginal part of placenta with the shell correspond with the microflora isolated from infectious and inflammatory sources of lying-in women in the event of urinary tract infections and endometritis. Microflora of placenta and biotopes of lying-in women had significant differences in event of development PSI, such as: mastitis, superficial wound infection, infection of surgical sutures after episiotomy.

Modern problems of the laboratory diagnostics of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) at the present stage developments of a science existing and public health services and a way of their decision are discussed. The opinion of authors of the national concept of prophylaxis of HAIs (edition 2010) about priority directions of activity on perfection of laboratory diagnostics of the HAIs caused by conditional-pathogenic microorganisms as a basis of system of HAIs surveillance is presented.

There is given the comparative assessment of different approaches to the study of sickness rate of purulent-septic infections among puerperants in obstetrics hospitals. It has been stated that the real degree of purulent-septic sickness rate among puerperants in obstetrics hospital is higher than the registered level and the level which was developed according to the results of retrospective active search; that was conditioned mostly by the fact that such a clinical form like the infection of urinary tracts was not taken into account. The prospective epidemiological observation with the use of the native standard case determination and microbiological monitoring allows to see the real degree of the outspread of these infections in the hospital and the main clinical forms and etiological structure.