Aim. To give epidemiological assessment of potential risk factors for prevalence of antibiotic resistant strains of upper airways and ENT-organs infectious pathogens in children. Materials and methods. The study included children (165 persons) aged 1 to 17years, who asked for ambulatory-polyclinic medical care in connection with upper airways and ENT-organs diseases and formed the group of “cases” (75 persons) - patients, colonized by Streptococcus spp. and Staphylococcus aureus strains with antibiotic resistance not less than one of three classes (beta-lactams, macrolides, lincosamides) and the control group (90 persons) - patients without the facts of colonization by antibiotic-resistant strains of the studied microorganisms. During doctor’s reception, parents of all patients were surveyed. Results. According to the results of a survey carried out, there was estimated connection of 18 potential risk factors with carriage of antibiotic-resistant strains. Pneumococcal vaccination in the investigated population was a factor, rendering preventive effect on the colonization rate of antibiotic-resistant strains Streptococcus spp. and Staphylococcus aureus ( OR = 0,40 [95 %DI 0,19-0,86]). At the same time, no ties between colonization by antibiotic-resistant microorganisms and risk factors, connected with previous use of antibiotics, especially without doctor’s administration, was noted. Conclusions. Vaccination with pneumococcal vaccines in the studied population is a factor, controlling prevalence of resistance to antimicrobial drugs

Objective. The epidemiological characteristics of blastocystosis have been insufficiently studied to date. The present study concerned to estimation the risk factors of blastocystosis in hospitalized patients. Aim of the study – the present study is concerned with the risk factors of blastocystosis among patients with acute intestinal diseases of unknown etiology, hospitalized in an infectious hospital. Design and methods. Case!control study. Results. The prevalence rate was 7,82 per 100 (95% CI 5,43!11,14) by using PCR with species!specific primers. The study revealed an association of blastocystosis with dermatoses – OR = 23,04 (95% CI, 2,29!231,33). Domain of usage. Based on the identified association between skin diseases and blastocystosis, there is a need to undertake further investigation of their relationships in prospective cohort studies. Conclusions. Patients with chronic dermatoses may be considered as a risk group and a potential reservoir of blastocystic invasion.

We performed evaluation of questioning method for study of risky behavior of HIV infection in migrant workers seeking for medical examination in the Unified Medical Center of St. Petersburg. Using a questionnaire containing a structured interview and a 201 points formalized card for data logging, we subsequently assumed to study risk factors in the home country, Russia and the other countries of residence. Previously the validity of interviews with 40 migrant workers selected by case-control method was being assessed. The case was a person of migrant workers with confirmed HIV infection. The control group without HIV infection had similar characteristics in particular identical ethnic and age characteristics. The ratio of cases and controls was 1:3. It has shown that diagnosis and objectification of risk-related behavior in migrant workers when carrying out a medical examination causes certain difficulties, as they are afraid to get under regulated by the legislation of the Russian Federation limitations on the right to work. The study revealed that the questioning method, a basic tool of identifying risky behavior, has the lack of effectiveness. Nevertheless, a survey has revealed extremely low awareness of participants about HIV infection in general, ways of transmission and ways to prevent it - 85% of the interviewees found low awareness of these issues, or complete lack of relevant knowledge. Differences between groups of HIV-infected and intact migrants were insignificant.

The genetic structure of Staphylococcus aureus, circulating in 2008-2013 in different geographical regions of Russia and Kazakhstan by using spa-typing has been studied. Spa-types related to the clonal complex CC8 and CC239 were most predominant among MRSA strains. The need for improve an epidemiological surveillance for epidemic clones of staphylococci, including the creation of a network of reference laboratories, has been discussed.

The article is devoted to the review existing in the world practice of perceptions of safety of medical care, especially biosafety. The authors defined and outlined the general epidemiological safety of medical care. Definition and general provisions of epidemiological safety of medical care was given by authors. The most actual tasks which are required for development and deployment in practice of health care of epidemiological safety as making system of ensuring quality and safety of medical care are defined.

The identification of fragments of pathogenicity islands (SAPI1, vSaα and vSaβ) in 11 clinical strains of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), referred on the basis of spasequence typing and the restriction-modification test to different genotypes, has been performed. A set of studied pathogenicity islands was shown to be strain-specific and be available for usage as an epidemiological marker of hospital strains of Staphylococcus aureus.

Modern problems of the laboratory diagnostics of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) at the present stage developments of a science existing and public health services and a way of their decision are discussed. The opinion of authors of the national concept of prophylaxis of HAIs (edition 2010) about priority directions of activity on perfection of laboratory diagnostics of the HAIs caused by conditional-pathogenic microorganisms as a basis of system of HAIs surveillance is presented.