目的 研究右旋苯醚菊酯对蜱的防护效果.方法 直接接触和现场实验.结果 日本血蜱和波斯锐缘蜱接触被0.9％右旋苯醚菊酯处理的白布5 min,死亡率达100％,草原革蜱接触7 min,死亡率达100％,卵形硬皮和残缘璃眼蜱接触9 min,死亡率达100％.右旋苯醚菊酯处理的白布保存1个月,5种蜱接触1 min,24 h死亡率为100％;保存2个月,5种蜱接触1 min,波斯锐缘蜱24 h死亡率为100％,其他蜱的死亡率为73.3％ ～ 86.7％.着喷洒0.9％右旋苯醚菊酯杀虫剂的服装在蜱密度较高的草地连续行走3h,身上未染蜱.结论 右旋苯醚菊酯对蜱有很好的防护效果.

目的 了解西北地区驻军部队中心医院空气卫生学情况,加强医院感染的预防和控制.方法 通过现场采样和检测方法,对部分西北地区驻军中心医院室内空气卫生质量进行监测.结果 连续6年共采集医院2 777间不同类别房间室内空气样,平均总合格率为80.9％.Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ类环境室内空气卫生质量合格率分别为100％、77.4％、80.9％和100％.结论 该地区驻军部队中心医院各类环境室内空气卫生质量较好,Ⅱ、Ⅲ类环境空气有待加强管理.

目的 了解西北东片地区部队医院感染管理情况.方法 采用现场检查和问卷方式,对该片区部分驻军医院医院感染管理状况进行调查.结果 共调查11所部队医院,均有完善的医院感染管理机构;使用后的一次性医疗用品均进行了无害化处理;有81.8％的医院设有污水处理站,其中54.5％的单位污水处理站运行正常.常规监测的室内空气、物体表面、医护人员手和医疗器械等项目监测工作执行率呈现逐年升高,2012年度上述监测项目全部合格.90％以上的医院能按规范开展压力蒸汽灭菌器、使用中消毒液和紫外线灯质量监测.结论 西北东片地区部队医院感染管理工作比较规范,今后重点是对某些管理的死角进行整改.

目的了解兰州军区东片部队医疗卫生机构紫外线灯使用情况。方法采用现场调查法,主要检查各种记录。结果 2006-2009年16家医疗机构在使用中灯管强度监测、灯管启用和累计照射时间记录、定期擦拭等方面都有明显改善,但在新进灯管强度监测及生物学监测方面还需加强。。结论通过监督检查,兰州军区东片部队医疗卫生机构在紫外线灯使用上存在的问题逐步得到了解决。

Objective To investigate the execution and influence factors of medical staff's hand hygiene in one sanatorium.Methods On-site investigation and questionnaire were used to study the hand hygiene of medical staff in the sanatorium.Results The average rate of hand-cleaning was 84.5%,the qualified rate of hand-cleaning was 83.3%,and that of hand-drying by paper or dryer was 52.4%.The main reason of the incorrect hand-cleaning for medical staff were their busy work and ignorance.Conclusion The hand hygiene compliance of the medical staff in the sanatorium was low,mainly because the medical staff did not pay attention to it,so the administration and intervention should be strengthened.

居室内及医疗康复场所空气中微生物气溶胶的污染,可引起呼吸系统疾病,从而对健康人群和非健康人群造成直接威胁[1].日常生活中保持室内空气清洁,定期实施有效消毒,特别是对医疗保健、康复疗养等公共场空气的消毒,就显得非常重要[2].紫外线灯是空气消毒的常用设备,紫外线灯的规范性使用直接关系到空气的消毒效果.为了减少由空气引起的呼吸道感染性疾病,就必须规范紫外线灯使用方法.2009-2012年,对兰州军区临潼疗养院(包括附属医院)16个场所的紫外线灯使用情况进行了调查.

Objective To implement preventive measures before troops entering plague focus of natural infection,and avoid epidemics occurring in troops.Methods To send preventive teams to troops,visiting agency of disease control and prevention,collecting data and analyzing,making out preventive measures and being implemented in troops.Results There were many kinds of plague hosts in natural epidemic focus of Yushu,it consisted of the variety of the propagation of plague.Human plague resulted from marmota hunting;the major infectious way was direct contact.Conclusion Before army enters focus of natural infection,protection knowledge should be popularized.On the other hand,preventive vaccination should be administered,and reaching the focus of natural infection,a series of preventive measures should be taken at once.

OBJECTIVE To study the positive rate of disinfectant-resistant gene of qacEΔ1 in bactria of indoor air of military medical institutions in east part of Northwest China so as to provide basis for the disinfection of air of military medical institutions and preuention of nosocorni as infections.METHODS Gene of qacEΔ1 in the bacteria isolated from the indoor air was detected by PCR.RESULTS Gene of qacEΔ1 was found in 23 strains of bacteria among 98 strains of bacteria,the total positive rate was 23.5%.The positive rates of gene of qacEΔ1 in Escherichia coli,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Staphylococcus aureus,Klebsiella pneumoniae,S.epidermidis were respectively 36.7%,36.4%,27.8%,20.0%,and 10.0%;and the gene of qacEΔ1 was not found in Candida albicans,Bacillus cereus,black variant spores of Bacillus subtilis,and Haemophilus influenzae.CONCLUSION Though the positive rate of gene of qacEΔ1 in bacteria of indoor air in military medical institutions in east part of Northwest China is not high,yet we should focus on the alternate use of disintectant.

Objective To investigate the epidemic situation of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome(HFRS) in the encampment of a troop in Shaanxi province,China,and to provide a basis for troops to control the epidemic situation of HFRS effectively.Methods The epidemic situation of HFRS was analyzed by descriptive epidemiology.The mouse density was monitored by trap-at-night method and powder-trace method.The HFRS antibody was detected by indirect immunofluorescence assay.Results Four cases of HFRS were reported in the troop from November 24th to December 11th,2009.As for host animals,Apodemus agrarius was the dominant species locally,accounting for 94.38% of the mice trapped in the wild.There were 3.12% of the trapped mice which carried the virus causing HFRS.The mouse density was 3.00% before killing and decreased to zero after killing.A total of 159 sera were tested in the encampment,and 136 of them were positive with IgM.Conclusion The encampment is the epidemic region of field mouse-type HFRS.Surveillance should be strengthened,and comprehensive measures should be taken for prevention and control of HFRS.

Objective To investigate the density and infestation rate of cockroach and provide evidence for preventing and controlling cockroach in one certain troops.Methods The density and infestation rate of dinning area,sanitarium area,physical examination center,residential area and affiliated hospital were monitored by sticky traps.Results All traped 1 173 cockroaches were Blattella germanica.The average infestation rate was 13.33 % and the average index of density was 1.96 pieces.The infestation rate and density was as follows:dinning areasanitarium areaphysical examination centerresidential areaaffiliated hospital.Conclusion Blattella germanica is the dominant species in this troops.The density and infestation rate of dining area and sanitarium area is higher and the investigation,prevention and control of regional cockroach should be improved.

Objective To analyze the positive rate of disinfectant-resistant gene of qacEΔ1 in Bactria on the object surface of military medical institutions in east districts of northwest China.Methods Gene of qacEΔ1 was detected by PCR.Results Gene of qacEΔ1 was found in 69 strains of samples.The total positive rate was 41.3%.qacEΔ1 was not found in B.anthracis,C.albicans,A.banimannii,or M.chelonae.The positive rate of qacEΔ1 in E.coli,which reached 60.4%,was the highest among all tested positive strains of bacteria.Conclusion The positive rate of the gene of qacEΔ1 in bacteria from object surface in military medical institutions of east districts of Northwest China was comparatively high.Quaternary ammonium salt should not be used in disinfection.

目的了解兰州军区东片部队医疗机构压力蒸汽灭菌器的使用情况。方法对16家医疗卫生机构压力蒸汽灭菌器的使用情况进行现场调查,并对受检单位压力蒸汽灭菌器的灭菌效果进行现场生物学检测。结果 2006-2009年工艺监测符合要求的单位分别占68.7%、81.1%和87.5%;灭菌包化学监测符合要求的单位分别占81.1%、93.7%和100%。手术包中心部位化学监测符合要求的单位分别占56.2%、62.5%和100%;预真空压力蒸汽灭菌器B-D试验符合要求的单位4年均为100%;生物学监测符合要求的单位分别占50%、62.5%和81%。4年间,压力灭菌器现场生物学监测合格率分别为100%、81.9%、93.3%、96.6%。结论通过监督检查,兰州军区东片部队医疗机构在压力蒸汽灭菌器的规范性使用上存在的问题基本得到了解决。

目的总结抗洪救灾中采取的消毒与病媒生物控制措施和经验,确保部队官兵的身心健康。方法根据甘肃舟曲特大山洪泥石流灾区卫生防疫工作实践,进行回顾性总结分析。结果总结出重点落实的6项措施:(1)周密细致计划,科学制定方案;(2)培训防疫骨干,提高保障水平;(3)实施科学评估,提高决策水平;(4)进行伴随保障,落实卫生制度;(5)开展技术服务,强化保障意识;(6)做好尸体处理,保障官兵健康。结论采取的各项预防措施是行之有效的,对非常时期的卫生防病工作具有积极意义。

目的监测西北地区东片部队医疗机构医务人员手卫生状况,提高医务人员手卫生质量,减少院内感染的发生。方法采用现场抽检的方法,对14个医疗机构医务人员手消毒质量进行监测。结果共采样544份,合格495份,合格率为90.99%,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ类合格率分别为97.18%、89.87%和94.74%。医生和护士合格率分别为87.12%和93.89%。结论驻西北地区东片部队医疗机构医务人员手卫生质量总体较高,但个别科室合格率偏低,应特别加强对医生手消毒质量的监管,增强其消毒意识,提高手卫生质量,减少院内感染的发生。

Objective To investigate the plague propagation characteristics in troops assembly regions in earthquake-striken area of Yushu.Method Epidemic investigation squads are dispatched to interview the troops along the assembly lines and collect plague epidemic data from local disease control and prevention agency.Results There are many kinds of plague hosts in focus of natural infection in Yushu afflicted area,and the origins of infection are quite diversified.Marmot hunting is the main channel of human plague infection,and direct contact is the major cause of infection.Cases are normally sporadic and have high mortality.Although human plagues in this area normally originated from marmot plagues,the propogation time does not completely coincide.Conclusions Protection knowledge should be popularized before the troops enter focus of natueal infection.Preventive vaccination,early investigation of the epidemic characteristics and timely preventive measures are very effective to protect the service troops from the plague.

Objective To instruct victims of a natural calamity and troops to control flies through field tests.Method Flies investigation was done with web trapping,Flies density was investigated with range estimation,the efficacy of insecticides was tested by regular method. Results Flies of 10 genera belonging to 3 families were found in courtyards of victims of a natural calamity were found in courtyards of victims of a natural calamity,Muscina stabulans was the dorminat flies species. DDVP killed flies quickly,but its residual rerm was short,other kinds of phyrethoid not only killed flies fast,but also had long residual term. Conclusions phyrethoid can Rill adults and Larvae of flies effectively,the efficacy of residual spraying is much better in control flies.

目的了解兰州军区某部医疗机构室内空气消毒质量,加强消毒管理工作,控制和预防感染性疾病的传播。方法依据GB15982-1995《医院消毒卫生标准》对该部14所医疗机构进行了室内空气消毒质量监测和评价。结果总合格率为80.49%,其中Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ类环境合格率依次为90%、68.63%、81.39%和79.17%。结论该部医疗机构空气消毒质量较高,但仍存在问题,应进一步加强管理和监督监测,努力做好医院消毒工作,提高消毒质量。

OBJECTIVE To know the hygienic condition in hospitals in Northwest China.METHODS The monitoring of environmental hygiene in 10 central and above hospitals was conducted from 2006 to 2008.RESULTS Totally 4118 samples were collected and monitored during three years,3530 samples were qualified, the qualified rate was 85.7% (the qualified rates of Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ classes of environment were respectively 95.2%, 86.6% and 85.2% ; The total qualified rates were respectively 79.8%, 90.6% and 85.8% of the air,the surface of objects and hands of medical staff and the significant statistical difference existed between doctors and nurses (P <0.01).CONCLUSIONS Some problems still exist in environmental hygiene in hospitals and the nosocomial infection managemant should be strengthened.

Objective To prevent arbo infectious disease propagation,the major target vectors for control and emergency control measures were determined through investigation of species of insects and risk evaluation of hazard after the earthquake in Southern Gangu.Method Field epidemiological investigation method,risk evaluation of vector and comprehensive control measures were applied.Results The fly and mosquito were identified as the major control targets.After comprehensive control measures were taken,the average density of fly decreased from 68.3 per square meter to 0~2 per square meter;the average density of mosquito declined from 160 per staff-hour to 1~3 per staff-hour.The environmental sanitary had been obviously improved,and the mass propagation of mosquito and fly had been effectivly controled.Although the incidence rate of diarrhoeal diseases among residents slightly increased,the number of cases of diarrhoeal diseases was maintained at a low level.There is no difference in the rate of arbo infectious disease between pre-earthquake and after-earthquake(P>0.05).Conclusions The incidence and spread of arbo infectious disease had been effectivly controled through comprehensive control measures: personal protection and collective protection as major measures and physical control,insecticides application and environment managements as supplementary means.

2010年4月14日,青海省玉树地区发生里氏7.1级大地震,导致生态环境和人居环境发生剧变,对病媒生物及相关传染病产生未知影响.大量的尸体腐烂、废墟垃圾、遍地瓦砾,为病媒生物的繁殖与孳生提供了有利条件.因此,灾后要防大疫,做好灾区预防性消毒和病媒生物的防治工作非常重要.