Prostatotropic activity of (3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy)benzyl thiododecane (T-DD) was evaluated on a model of benign prostatic hyperplasia induced in Wistar rats by chronic (2 months) intraperitoneal administration of sulpiride (40 mg/kg). Morphometric analysis of the dorsolateral lobe of the prostate showed that after the 2-month course of intragastric T-DD (100 mg/kg) administered in parallel with sulpiride, the volume density of glandular epithelium decreased by 1.7 times, while the volume density of prostate stroma increased by 2 times. After administration of the reference drug Permixon at a dose of 50 mg/kg, the volume densities of epithelium decreased by 1.3 times and stromal volume density increased by 1.5 times. The observed effects are presumably related to suppression of 5α-reductase activity and modulation of estrogen receptors in the prostate.

A simple and efficient synthetic protocol for alkylthiomethylation of quercetin was proposed. New sulfur-containing quercetin derivatives were obtained by the reaction of this flavonoid with (N,N-diethylaminomethyl)dodecyl sulfide.

Selenium-containing analogs of phenozan acid, [3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propylseleno]ethanoic and 3-[3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propylseleno]propanoic acids, were synthesized from bis-[3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propyl]diselenide. The possibility of functionalization of the obtained compounds via the esterification and preparation of potassium salts was demonstrated. According to the in silico evaluation of acute toxicity towards rats, the synthesized compounds are low toxic and non-toxic substances.

A number of 2-dodecylselenomethyl-5-hydroxy-2,3-dihydrobenzofurans were synthesized from the corresponding 5-alkoxy-2-iodomethyl-substituted derivatives. The rate constants of the reaction with peroxide radicals and stoichiometric coefficients of inhibition were measured for the synthesized compounds and their 2-dodecylthiomethyl substituted analogs in the model reaction of initiated styrene oxidation. The dissociation energies of O–H bond were also calculated. 2-Dodecylselenomethyl-5-hydroxy-2,3-dihydrobenzofurans exceed their sulfurcontaining analogs and tocopherols by antioxidant activity in the thermal autooxidation of methyl oleate by a factor of 9–14 and 19–20, respectively.

The dynamics of changes in the composition of the reaction mixture during the reaction of Na2SeSO3 and bromopropyl-substituted phenol in 50% aqueous ethanol and under the conditions of decreasing EtOH concentration in the reaction medium was studied. Convenient methods for the synthesis of 3-(4-hydroxyaryl)propyl selenosulfates and the corresponding diselenides were proposed. Symmetrical and unsymmetrical selenides (derivatives of alkylated phenols and pyrocatechol) were synthesized.

New sulfur- and selenium-containing analogs of α-tocopherol, namely, 2-dodecylthiomethyl- and 2-dodecylselenomethyl-5-hydroxy-4,6,7-trimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofurans were synthesized from 4-ethoxy-3,5-dimethylphenol through intermediate 2-allyl-4-ethoxy-3,5,6- trimethylphenol, 2-iodomethyl-, 2-dodecylthiomethyl-, and 2-dodecylselenomethyl-5-ethoxy- 4,6,7-trimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofurans. The compounds terminated oxidation chains of AIBN-initiated oxidation of styrene at 50 °C with rate constant of 5.0•106 mol L–1 s–1 and stoichiometric coefficients of 1.9±0.1. The O—H bond dissociation energies for obtained compounds (326.5 kJ mol–1) are calculated based on the measured rate constants.

2-Dodecylthiomethyl-5-hydroxy-2,3-dihydrobenzofurans, new sulfur-containing analogs of tocopherols, were synthesized based on methylphenols through the intermediate preparation of 4-alkoxy-2-allylphenols and then 5-alkoxy-2-iodomethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofurans.

This paper is concerned with study an influence of the oxidative stress on morphofunctional characteris-tics and elemental composition of bone tissue of the vertebral body rats.Material and methods. The research carried out on male rats of the Wistar line with weight 250–300 g. All rats were categorized into 4 groups with 10 ones in each: 1 – intact group; 2 and 3 – experimental groups; 4 – control group. Rats from groups 2–4 were under the development of oxidized stress which caused by daily stomach-pump injection (during fortnight) with aqua suspension of synthetic glucocorticoid “Prednisolone” in dose 50 mg/kg. Through three hours after “Prednisolone” the antioxidant “Tiophan” was injected by stomach-pump (dose 100 mg/kg), which was dissolved in 0.2 ml of vegetation oil to laboratory animals from the group 2. Rats from control group got only solvent (vegetative oil 0.2 ml) according the same scheme. Three hours after “Prednisolone” to rats from group 3 were injected of 0.2 ml aquaFontana. It was made for purity the experiment and standartization of manipulations, which are connected with injections into rats’ organisms. The peculiarities of structure of bone tissue of vertebra have been studied by methods of morphohystochemical analysis. The elemental composition of bone tissue was defined by atom-emission analysis method with inductive coupled plasma (spectrometer OPTIMA, code of methodics KHA: MUK.4.1.1482-03).Results. A development of glucocorticoid-induced oxidative stress results to infraction the histoarchitectonics of bone tissue of vertebra and decreasing the content of cations, which are included to the composition of active centres of pherments of antioxidant protection and prosthetic groups of proteins with an antioxidant activity. Using the antioxidant “Tiophan” proved an existence of its expressed osteoprotective properties. This can be seen from decreasing a level of resorbtion of bone tissue of vertebra while modeling the oxidative stress and increasing the content of Ca, P, Cu, Fe, Zn in bone tissue in compare to data of intact animals.Conclusion. Polyfunctional S-containing antioxidant of new generation “Tiophan” is a prospective remedy of protecting cells and matrix of bone tissue against infraction caused by active oxygen metabolites during an oxidative stress.

The study examined dynamics of the effect of novel phenol antioxidant preparation 3-(3’-tertbutyl- 4’-hydroxyphenyl)propyl thiosulfonate sodium (TS-13) on expression of antioxidant protection enzymes genes GSTP1 and NQO1 and on the content of protein transcription factors NF-κB and ATF-2 in mouse liver. Expression of GSTP1 gene decreased significantly on days 4 and 7 after per os administration of TS-13 (100 mg/kg), but increased on post-administration day 14. On days 7 and 14 post-administration, expression of NQO1 gene was significantly increased. On day 7, the hepatic content of the phosphorylated form of ATF-2 and two subunits of nuclear factor NF-κB (p50, p65) decreased significantly.

На модели повреждения суставного хряща методами биохимии и морфологии были исследованы антиоксидантная активность и хондропротекторные свойства препаратов «Мексидол» и нового синтетического антиоксиданта ТС-13 в сравнительном аспекте. Установлено, что активность свободнорадикального перекисного окисления липидов и системы антиоксидантной защиты в организме крыс обеих групп не имеют достоверных различий. Вместе с тем исследование в проходящем свете образцов суставного хряща дистального эпифиза бедренной кости у животных данных групп доказывает преобладание хондропротекторного эффекта антиоксиданта ТС-13 по сравнению с мексидолом. Особенностью посттравматической регенерации хрящевой ткани сустава при использовании антиоксиданта ТС-13 является формирование полноценного органотипического регенерата. Полученные результаты доказывают перспективность использования ТС-13 совместно с базисными препаратами при лечении патологий, связанных с деструктивными изменениями суставного хряща.

The results of the morphological histochemical analysis of the mirror carp underyearling liver, grown in aquaculture facilities of two different types are described in the article. In series of aquarium experiments on Barbus tetrazona, the fish farming conditions in intensive aquaculture type are simulated, free-radical mechanism of the hepatic cell sublethal and lethal damage by the development of fish liver fatty degeneration is identified.

The method of spontaneous and induced luminol -dependent chemiluminescence in homogenates of rat retinas OXYS registered increase in the generation of free radicals against decrease in total antioxidant activity. With the ultra-microscopic and quantitative analysis revealed degenerative retinal neurons rats OXYS: the percentage increase in neurosensory cells with pyknosis of nuclei, hyperchromatic piknomorfnyh associative neurons and ganglion n eurons that have been modified on a light and dark type. Thiophane, limiting free radical reactions in the retina and protects retinal neurons from damage.

This paper evaluated the antioxidant effect of prolangirovanny Thiophane as part of an artificial seed feed for carp. The article deals with morphological and functional characteristics and biochemical status of the digestive system of juvenile carp rearing larvae in the transition to exogenous feeding artificial food starting with antioxidant Thiophane in an uncertain hydrochemical regime of nursery ponds. The main etiological factor damaging the tissue cells of various digestive organs authors considered the activation of free radical peroxidation of lipids during hypoxia. Found that after four months after the end of rearing on artificial diet with the introduction of an antioxidant Thiophane content of primary and secondary products of lipid peroxidation was significantly lower and the level of activity of antioxidant enzymes was significantly higher than in fish reared without the technology of antiradical protection.

A synthesis of 5-hydroxycoumarans, 6-hydroxychromanes and their dodecylthiomethylsubstituted derivatives was accomplished based on methylphenols through the intermediate preparation of 2-allyl-4-alkoxyphenols. The sulfur-containing compounds synthesized were shown to be highly efficient as inhibitors of autooxidation of methyl oleate.

The state of the lipid peroxidation processes and the system of antioxidative protection activity in rats of two age-grade were studied by the use of biochemical analysis. Comparing to young animals plasma of aging rats have excess of integrated indicators of oxidative stress. Research of specimens of articular cartilage of the distal epiphyse of the femur in the aging group of animals in transmitted light allowed to evolute peculiar properties of the structural organization of the hyaline cartilage lining the medial and lateral condyles within a single articular surface. Morphological peculiarities appear in statistically significant thinning of the articular cartilage of the medial condyle as compared to lateral. The observed asymmetry of the articular cartilage on the tissue level is determined by damage of its histoarchitectonics. The obtained results allow us to predict a high degree of traumatic injure of the articular cartilage of the medial condyle as compared to lateral.

The enthalpies, activation energies, and rate constants of the reactions of thio (amino) alkylphenols of different structures were calculated and compared with those of the reactions of alkyl-substituted phenols, alkoxyl and alkyl radicals, hydroperoxides, and nitrogen dioxide, as well as the reactions of phenoxyl radicals with molecules of the substrate being oxidized. The calculation was performed by the intersecting parabolas method using O-H bond energy data for phenols. The correlation between the molecular structure of the thio (amino) alkylphenols and their reactivity in radical reactions is considered.