In this work, the relaxation process in mixtures of a nematic liquid crystal matrix with additives of azochromophores and CdSe/ZnS quantum dots is analyzed. The thermally initiated mesophase—isotropic liquid phase transition showed that the activation energy of this process increases almost equally upon the addition of AX-7 or AX-8 in an amount of 10 wt

The effectiveness of 1H-NMR-based metabolomic analysis for the detection of metabolic changes during carcinogenesis was assessed based on a comparison of the quantitative composition of metabolites in the blood plasma of healthy rats and rats that receiving M-1 sarcoma grafts. Plasma was collected from the rats under study on day 12 and day 36 after sarcoma transplantation to identify metabolites associated with tumor development. Analysis of the NMR spectra using multivariate statistical methods showed differences in the composition of metabolites for the groups of animals under study as soon as on day 12 after sarcoma transplantation; on day 36 the differences were significant. Twenty three metabolites were quantified. On day 12, only the lactate and allantoin levels were significantly different between the groups, while on day 36, the levels of nine metabolites were different between the two groups. All of the identified metabolites are involved in cancer metabolism, which makes 1H-NMR spectroscopy a promising method for cancer diagnosis.

Today there are no international standards for the treatment of non-chemical (behavioral) addiction (NA). This is largely due to the vagueness of their existence as nosological units and, as a consequence, their place in international classifications. This article discusses the forms of NA that are or will be included in DSM-V and ICD-11. It has been shown that NA research has sparked discussions about the spectrum of addictive disorders, expands the multidisciplinary understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of addictive disorders, and promotes the study of new forms and expansion of therapeutic approaches. The criticism of the addictive spectrum concept is analyzed. The modern approaches of non-drug and pharmacological therapy of different forms of NA are presented. The following conclusions are drawn. The existence of NA is confirmed by the inclusion of a part of them in the International Classifications of Diseases. NA have high comorbidity with other mental disorders, in respect of which pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy are not in doubt. Taking into account the general neurobiological mechanisms of the formation of addictive disorders, the possible pharmacotherapy of non-chemical addictions, officially recognized in the ICD and DSM, should proceed from the currently available approaches to the therapy of substance use disorders. Treatment of non-chemical addictions that are not included in the International Classifications can only be carried out within the framework of therapy for confirmed comorbid mental disorders. In its absence, psychological correction seems to be possible. There is an obvious need to continue researching the problem of non-chemical addictions to expand new approaches to their therapy and psychological correction.

A combination of depression and alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a typical and most common example of a dual diagnosis at the intersection of general psychiatry and addiction psychiatry. A comorbidity of depression and AUD is more common than it can be brought about by mere coincidence, which might be explained to some extent by the synergetic effect of both diseases, with each of them complicating the course and worsening the prognosis of the other. Treatment protocols for patients with depression and comorbid AUD include antidepressants, specific medications for alcohol dependence, and psychotherapy. The first-line antidepressants in the treatment of patients with a comorbid combination of depression and alcohol use disorder, as in other clinical situations implying use of antidepressants, are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Fluvoxamine has certain advantages over the other SSRIs in the treatment of patients with a depression and comorbid AUD.

Internet addiction (IA) has become a serious problem of modern addictology, especially among the younger generation. Tere is a sufcient number of works devoted to the comorbidity of IA and other mental and behavioral disorders, but the studies of the IAcharacteristics in mentally ill patients are of a single nature. Te goal of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of the IA behavior in children and adolescents with various mental disorders. Te main group consisted of 71 adolescents, 28 boys and 43 girls, aged 11-18 years, treated in a psychiatric hospital with diagnoses Organic disorders (F 06, F 07) — 35 subjects, Behavior disorders (F 91, F 92) -16, Neurotic, stress-related disorders (F 41, F 43) -10 and schizophrenia, schizotypic disorder (F 20, F21) -10. Te control group consisted of 49 healthy adolescents, 24 boys, 25 girls, aged 11-18 years. Te following methods were used: Сlinical-anamnestic map, Participant questionnaire for assessing the parameters of IA behavior, of Chen Internet addiction scale (CIAS — in the adaptation of V.L. Malygin and K.A. Feklisov) to assess the severity of FM. It is shown that among teenagers with mental disordersIA occurs signifcantly more ofen (more than ¼) than in the control group, the same for females and males. Mentally ill adolescents used the Internet signifcantly more hours per week, used social networks more per day, had a larger overall score on the scale of CIAS. It is established from gender characteristics that girls used social networks more ofen than boys. Te risk of IA was higher in users of gaming communities. IA was more ofen observed in patients with organic disorders. Te tendency to IA behavior was more frequent in patients with behavioral disorders and schizophrenia.

We have examined the suitability of lead (Pb)/tin (Sn) alloys with atomic ratios between 4:1 and 12:1 for use as a spallation target material for the PSI spallation ultracold neutron source. The measured corrosion rate with distilled water, Rc<6×10-5cm/year, is more than a factor of 80, less than for normal Pb; this corrosion rate is satisfactory. Microscopic investigations of the surface after the exposure to water revealed no visual changes. Small angle neutron scattering showed that the alloy is mechanically stable under thermal cycling. An experimental simulation of a water-cooled spallation neutron target made of Pb/Sn pebbles with a filling factor of 60% was investigated; the pulsed proton beam was simulated using hot and cold water in the target ‘cooling’ circuit. With realistic operational parameters for the cooling circuit, serious deformation of the PbSn pebbles occurred which finally blocked the cooling circuit. The Pb/Sn alloys solve the corrosion problem but its mechanical properties are inadequate leading to too short a lifetime to be practical in the PSI spallation source.

A quasi-static model is presented to simulate capacitance-voltage (C-V) characteristic of Schottky barrier on multilayer semiconductor heterostructure. This model was applied to investigate the C-V characteristics of heterostructures with a sheet of ordered quantum dots (QDs). From fitting of experimental C-V characteristics of Schottky barrier structure with QDs measured at different temperatures we can extract the following parameters: (i) electron energy levels in QDs, (ii) the sheet concentration of QDs, and (iii) the distance from the surface to the plane with quantum QDs.

A study has been made of how the growth temperature affects the electron mobility in InAlAs/InGaAs transistor structures lattice-matched with InP substrates. The structures were grown by molecular beam epitaxy without changes in the deposition conditions during the growth. It was found that the optimum growth temperature, corresponding to the highest mobility measured at room temperature, is about 540 degrees C, well above the temperature 500 degrees C, which is ordinarily used for these materials. The increase in mobility with increasing deposition temperature stems from an improvement in the quality of the InAlAs, while the segregation of In during the growth of InGaAs has no significant effect on the tendencies for the mobility to change. The point corresponding to the maximum mobility agrees well with the temperature at which intense desorption of In begins during the growth of the InGaAs. Accordingly, the decrease in mobility with a further increase in the growth temperature is probably due to a decrease in the In content in the channel. The results found show that high mobilities [up to 9800 cm(2)/(V . s) at a 2D-electron concentration of 2.9 X 10(12) cm(-2)] can be achieved by optimizing the growth temperature in device structures without changes in the deposition conditions during the growth. (C) 1995 American Institute of Physics.