INTRODUCTION:Bacterial Pneumopathies are low respiratory infections due to parenchyma pulmonary attack, which etiologic agent is a bacteria different from tubercular bacillus. Factually, the treatment is based on a probalistic antibiotherapy. This requires awareness of the epidemiology of the germs which are responsible in a given region, at a given period.PATIENTS AND METHOD:In order to better grasp mainly the bacteriological and therapeutic aspects of adult bacterial Pneumopathies in Burkina Faso, we have come up with a two year journal/documentary.RESULTS:The reported most frequent germs are respectively: Streptococcus pneumoniae (32,6%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (21%) et Staphylococcus aureus (13,9%). Negative Gram bacteries represented 53.5% of isolated germ and Acinetobacter was found only with HIV positive patients. The streptococcus was sensitive to association amoxicilline + clavulanic in 91.7% of the cases, to ceftriaxone in 83.3% of cases, to ampicilline and to amoxicilline in 66.7% of cases The clinical evolution of our patients was favorable in 74.5% of the cases with 21.8% deaths. The evolution was more significant within alcoholic patients (p = 0.001) as well as tobacco addicted patients (p = 0.02).CONCLUSION:The high morbi-morbidity due to acute pneumopathy could be improved through a better awareness and regular updating of local bacterial ecology.

INTRODUCTION:Infections of low respiratory tracks represent a public health issue and are a frequent reason for antibiotic prescription . For children in Africa, they are the main morbidity factor (50% of visits) and mortality (about 20% of infant mortality). Actually, the antibiotherapy, mainly probabilistic, rests on the awareness of the epidemiology of the germs which are responsible in a given region, at a given period. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the Epidemio-clinical aspects of bacterial acute infant Pneumopathies at Yalgado Ouédraogo Univercity Health Center.PATIENTS AND METHOD:This a descriptive retrospective study, base on the files of hospitalized patients in the Paediatric Unit of CHU YO from January 1, 2005 through December 31, 2006.RESULTS:All in all, 5803 patients with 658 cases of acute bacterial pneumopathy (11.3%) were hospitalized in the paediatric unit. Besides, acute bacterial Pneumopathies, 254 patients had another associated affection. Proteino-calorific malnutrition were frequent (59.7%), coupled with anaemia (36%). The reported most frequent germs are respectively: Streptococcus pneumoniae (29.3%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (29.3%) et Staphylococcus aureus (25%). The streptococcus was sensitive to association amoxicilline + clavulanic in 66.7% of the cases, to ceftriaxone in 57.1 % of cases. It was 100% resistant to ampicilline and to amoxicilline. The clinical evolution of our patients was favorable in 90% of the cases with 5.5% deaths.CONCLUSION:Pneumopathies affect mostly children who are less than 2 years old favored by malnutrition and anaemia. The high morbid-morbidity related to this pathology could be improved through a better awareness and regular updating of local bacterial ecology.

Lung cancer remains the leading cancer in incidence and mortality in both genders and most countries. Global cancer statistics show a declining trend of lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) but an uprising trend of lung adenocarcinoma (LADC). The reasons behind their opposite trends are unclear. This study aims to analyze the global trends of LSCC and LADC during 1990–2012 in relation to tobacco consumption and air pollution. Results show a 1% decline of smoking prevalence of 7 years ago is associated with a 9% (95% confidence interval: 8%, 10%) drop in the LSCC incidence globally, whereas a 0.1 μg/m3 increment of BC of 7 years ago is associated with a 12% (9%, 16%) increase in LADC incidence globally. Association between BC and LSCC (or LADC) is more prominent in females, with a 14% (7%, 20%) increase in LSCC [or 14% (11%, 19%) increase in LADC] incidence for a 0.1 μg/m3 increment of BC of 8 (or 6) years ago. Associations vary with different genders across different continents. For instance, concentration of BC is positively associated with incidence of both LSCC and LADC in Europe and North America, whereas concentration of sulfate is positively associated with LSCC incidence in Europe and Oceania, and with LADC incidence in Asia, Oceania and South America. We conclude global decreasing LSCC incidence is associated with the reduced tobacco consumption, whereas the global increasing LADC incidence is likely associated with air pollution. Various particulate species have divergent effects on LADC incidence in different continents.

En sterilisant les sources de contamination constituees par les tuberculeux bacilliferes, les medicaments antituberculeux empechent la propagation de la tuberculose dans la communaute. Cependant lorsque le traitement antituberculeux est mal conduit, on constate l'emergence de tuberculoses multiresistantes qui posent de graves problemes therapeutiques, economiques et sociaux. Face aux problemes poses par les epidemies de tuberculoses multiresistantes survenues d'abord aux Etats-Unis dans les hopitaux, dans des prisons et dans des foyers pour personnes sans domicile fixe [1, 2], puis dans certains pays d'Europe [3, 4] enfin et surtout, en Asie du Sud-Est, en Europe Centrale et dans la Federation de Russie, l'Organisation mondiale de la sante (OMS) et l'Union internationale contre la tuberculose et les maladies respiratoires (UICTMR) ont initie un projet conjoint de surveillance globale de la multiresistance dans le monde depuis 1994. Grâce a ce projet, de nombreux pays repartis sur les cinq continents du globe ont pu participer a la realisation d'enquetes nationales bien codifiees, utilisant des definitions consensuelles de la resistance acquise et primaire, avec des methodes diagnostiques standardisees. Les resultats de ces enquetes ont fait l'objet de plusieurs publications recentes [5-9].

We report a fortuitous discovery of primary pulmonary myxoid liposarcoma in an HIV-positive patient. Primary pulmonary localizations are uncommon. Generally, pulmonary localizations are metastatic. There is a male predominance and diagnosis is generally made around 40 years of age. The two main features of liposarcoma are the large tumor size and the complex histology that evolves over time. Pathology findings are rarely reproducible and vary from one pathologist to another. Macroscopically, liposarcomas can mimic benign tumors. The risk of recurrence is high after simple enucleation due to microscopic extracapsular extensions. Surgery remains the predominant treatment. Wide complete excision, if possible, provides long-term survival.

Bronchial fibroscopy is a recent investigation method that requires equipment and facilities difficult to implement in respiratory diseases units in developing countries. In Burkina Faso, this technique was introduced for the first time in February 1997. The purpose of this study was to determine the contribution of bronchial fibroscopy for the diagnosis of respiratory disease in countries with limited resources. This study was conducted between February 1997 and October 1998 at the respiratory diseases unit of the Yalgado Ouedraogo National Hospital Center in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Thirty-five cases of tuberculosis were diagnosed, including 29 cases with bronchial node involvement, where bronchial fibroscopy is an essential diagnostic examination, and 6 cases of bacteriologically proven pulmonary tuberculosis. Ten cases of lung cancer were diagnosed (40% squamous cell carcinoma). Malignant disease is a reality in developing countries despite low rates of diagnosis due to insufficient diagnostic facilities. For tuberculosis, the importance of specific treatment is certainly well established and should always be initiated, even if fibroscopy cannot be performed. This contrasts with the situation for malignant disease, where the high prevalence of lung cancer (9.9% of the bronchial fibroscopies performed) is associated with total lack of treatment due to the absence of a thoracic surgery unit or a radiotherapy unit, and the impossibility of providing satisfactory surveillance of anti-cancer chemotherapy.

Bronchial fibruscopy is a recent investigation method that requires equipment and facilities difficult to implement in respiratory diseases units in developing countries. In Burkina Faso, this technique was introduced for the first time in February 1997. The purpose of this study. was to determine the contribution of bronchial fibroscopy for the diagnosis of respiratory disease in countries with limited resources. This study was conducted between February 1997 and October 1998 or the respiratory diseases unit of the Yalgado Ouedraogo National Hospital Center in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Thirty-five cases of tuberculosis were diagnosed including 29 cases with bronchial node involvement, where bronchial fibroscopy is an essential diagnostic examination, and 6 cases of bacteriologically proven pulmonary tuberculosis. Ten cases of lung cancer were diagnosed (40% squamous cell carcinoma), Malignant disease is a reality in developing countries despite low rates of diagnosis due to insufficient diagnostic facilities. For tuberculosis, the importance of specific treatment is certainly well established and should always be initiated, even if fibroscopy cannot be performed This contrasts with the situation for malignant disease, where the high prevalence of lung cancer (9.9% of the bronchial fibrosropies performed) is associated with total lack of treatment dice to the absence of a thoracic surgery? unit or a radiotherapy unit, and the impossibility of providing satisfactory surveillance of anti-cancer chemotherapy.

OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical, radiographic, and ultrasonographic aspects of mediastinal nodal tuberculosis and ascertain its clinical course in the era of HIV infection.PATIENTS AND METHODS:We reviewed retrospectively 39 patients referred to the Ouédraogo Yalgado National Hospital Center and the National Anticancer Institute between February 1996 and December 1999 for mediastinal nodal tuberculosis. Endoscopic proof of tuberculosis was obtained in 30 cases (81.8%). HIV serology was positive in 26 of the 30 patients tested (86.6%).RESULTS:Nodal mediastinal tuberculosis accounted for 1.7% of the cases of tuberculosis recorded over the same period at the Anticancer Institute. Mean age of the patients was 32.8 years and the sex ratio was 1.05 in favor of men. Clinically, a past medical history was found in 18 cases (46%) including a herpes zoster in 6 (15.4%), cough in 38 (97.5%). Weight loss (95%), fever (100%) and peripheral node enlargement (20%) were found frequently, probably related to HIV infection more than tuberculosis. Radiographically, standard x-rays evidenced associated lesions in 22 cases, with 59% having predominant parenchymatous lesions. Other localizations of tuberculosis were very frequent (42.5%).DISCUSSION:Bronchial fibroscopy is most contributive to diagnosis of mediastinal nodal tuberculosis with an 81.8% yield in our series. HIV infection had a determining effect on the disease course since among the 16 patients who died, 14 were HIV-positive (52%).