Ion-imprinted polymers (IIPs) have gained prominence as customized recognition elements for sensing applications due to their ability to mimic the selective binding behavior of natural ion receptors. The development of nitrate (NO3-) sensors carries immense potential, as they can facilitate timely soil nutrient monitoring and providing crucial data to study the impact of NO3- levels on crop health, soil quality, and environmental sustainability. In this context, an electrochemical IIP sensor that utilizes a modified Ti3C2TX-MXene screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) for the detection of NO3- has been reported. Through the electro-polymerization of aniline hydrochloride in the presence of NO3-, the IIP was synthesized, forming selective binding sites on the electrode surface tailored for NO3- recognition. The incorporation of the Ti3C2Tx-MXene layer significantly enhanced the sensor's performance by improving electrochemical surface area, electron transfer efficiency, enhancing the adhesion of the IIP, and increasing the concentration of ion-imprinted NO3- cavities on the electrode. The surface morphology and structural properties of the MXene/IIP-modified SPCE were ascertained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while the electrochemical performance was assessed using cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The sensor response was optimized and two linear detection ranges for NO3- were established, viz.: 1-50 mg L-1 and 100-400 mg L-1. The detection limit was determined to be 0.195 mg L-1 with higher specificity for NO3- over the interfering ions. The sensor successfully detected NO3- in spiked soil filtrate samples with satisfactory recovery rates, demonstrating its effectiveness for soil nutrient analysis.

In this work, we report a novel electrochemical sensor based on a carbon black-incorporated hydrogel-modified screen-printed carbon electrode (CB@hydrogel/ SPCE) for the sensitive and selective detection of L-cysteine (L-Cys). The synergistic combination of conductive carbon black and porous carbon black-alginate/acrylamide hydrogel matrix enhanced the electroactive surface area and facilitated rapid electron transfer, which significantly improved the sensor performance. The CB-hydrogel was characterized by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM): Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR): Cyclic Voltammetry (CV): and Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV) techniques. DPV studies revealed the electrochemical oxidation of L-Cys on CB@hydrogel/SPCE followed a diffusion-controlled and quasi-reversible mechanism involving a two-electron transfer process. The sensor exhibited a wide linear range from 5 to 170 mu M, with a sensitivity of 1.8 mu A mM-1 cm-2, limit of detection (LOD) of 1.26 mu M, and limit of quantification (LOQ) of 3.83 mu M. The sensor demonstrated an excellent selectivity against common interferents such as ascorbic acid, uric acid, glucose, and dopamine. The practical applicability of the sensor was validated by successful quantification of L-Cys in spiked real samples, including apple juice, orange juice, and yogurt, with high recovery rates and minimal matrix effects. These findings highlight the potential of the CB@hydrogel/SPCE platform for reliable and accurate electrochemical detection of L-Cys in complex food matrices.

Foodborne illnesses pose a significant public health challenge globally. According to WHO estimates, unsafe food causes approximately 600 million cases of foodborne diseases annually. Bacterial pathogens, including E. coli and P. aeruginosa, are significant contributors, causing illnesses ranging from mild gastrointestinal issues to severe, life-threatening conditions. E. coli can lead to severe gastrointestinal diseases, while P. aeruginosa poses risks in high-moisture foods due to its biofilm formation and antimicrobial resistance. Effective detection of these pathogens is vital for ensuring food safety and preventing outbreaks. This study reports the synthesis of a monosaccharide sugar-conjugated Cu-BTC bioprobe for the electrochemical detection of lectin and bacteria via classical carbohydrate-lectin interactions. Cu-BTC was drop casted onto a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) and covalently linked with sugar via carbodiimide chemistry. In this easy-to-synthesize bioprobe, the Cu-BTC metal-organic framework acted as a redox mediator, while the monosaccharide sugar molecules served as bioreceptor elements. The developed 4APM@Cu-BTC/SPCE and 4APG@Cu-BTC/SPCE bioprobes exhibited significant voltammetric responses, achieving detection limits of 2461 CFU per mL and 84.68 CFU per mL towards E. coli and P. aeruginosa, respectively, with a quick response time of <15 min. At the same time, the synthesized bioprobes also proved to be effective in the detection of lectins such as concanavalin A and PA-1. Besides, the covalently bound monosaccharide sugars facilitated the selective interaction of bioprobes with the corresponding analytes while eliciting negligible responses towards common biological interferents. Moreover, the fabricated bioprobes were applied for the detection of bacterial species in spiked milk and juice samples and showed satisfactory recovery percentages of ca. 80-91% and 78-93% for E. coli and P. aeruginosa, respectively. This work provides a new approach for the advancement of a carbohydrate-based electrochemical sensing platform. By eliminating the need for an external redox mediator and utilizing a cost-effective, sensitive, and readily accessible bioreceptor, the sugar-modified Cu-BTC framework offers a promising sensing strategy. Additionally, owing to their in-built non-genetic information and involvement in host-pathogen interaction, carbohydrates can enhance their utility in sensing applications.

The integration of a nanocomposite composed of cuprous oxide-graphene nanoplatelet hydrogel (Cu2O-GNP hydrogel) has been investigated as an electrochemical interface for nitrite (NO2-) detection. The nanocomposite hydrogel was prepared through the sonochemical technique and characterized by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), EDX (energy dispersive X-ray analysis), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Electrochemical performance was further evaluated using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), and Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV). Cu2O provides a catalytic active site that lower the activation energy for NO2- oxidation, while GNPs enhance the electrode conductivity and increase the surface area for superior electron transfer. Additionally, a PDMS-based microfluidic device was developed and integrated with an electrochemical detection system, enabling continuous and real-time monitoring of NO2-. A syringe pump was used to maintain a stable NO2- solution flow through the microfluidic channels at a 10 μL per min flow rate, ensuring sufficient diffusion of NO2- ions to the electrode surface, and preventing excess analyte accumulation that could lead to signal distortion. The integrated microfluidic sensor exhibited excellent electrochemical performance, achieving a high sensitivity of 13.97 μA μM-1 cm-2 and a low detection limit (LOD) of 0.56 μM, with a linear range of 5-130 μM. Cu2O-GNP hydrogel/SPCE exhibited excellent selectivity and reproducibility for NO2- sensing. The developed sensor demonstrated good recovery percentages in sausages, pickled vegetables, and water samples, confirming its suitability for the food industry.

Correction for ‘Label-free fluorescence “turn-on” detection of SO32− by gold nanoclusters: integration in a hydrogel platform and intracellular detection’ by Abhay Sachdev et al., Anal. Methods, 2019, 11, 1214–1223, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/C8AY02813C.

Contamination by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an endotoxin which is present in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria causes adverse toxic effects on human health. Herein, we report a facile graphene nanoplatelets@cytochrome c (GNP@Cyt c) hydrogel based voltammetric electrochemical sensor for LPS. Firstly, the resultant hydrogel sensor facilitated a large electroactive surface coverage for electron transfer, and secondly provided a 3D porous microenvironment for interaction of abundant electrocatalytic sites in Cyt c with LPS. Under optimal incubation conditions, the heme iron of Cyt c in its reduced form (Fe2+) can directly bind to highly anionic carbohydrate groups of LPS, thereby giving rise to specific interaction. Moreover, the binding of Cyt c (Fe2+) with LPS served as a electrocatalytic unit, generating a strong oxidation peak current at 0.019 V. Importantly, no separate redox mediator was required and the electrochemical signal obtained by LPS-Cyt c (Fe2+) complex sufficed for detection purposes. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) were employed to investigate the electrochemical aspects of GNP@Cyt c hydrogel modified screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE). Further, the GNP@Cyt c hydrogel/SPCE demonstrated LPS dose-dependent changes in oxidation current which enabled selective quantitative detection. This method exhibited a detection limit as low as 8.4x10(-4) ng mL(-1) with a wide linear range of 0.01-2.0 ng mL(-1). For continuous on-chip monitoring of LPS, a customized microfluidic electrochemical device approach was established which endorses the practical utility of the developed sensor. Further, the integrated microfluidic electrochemical device showed excellent recovery upon spiking LPS in lemon juice and tap water samples. Overall, the fabricated sensor holds great promise for point-of-care screening of trace LPS contamination, especially for food safety.

Due to its long-lasting tranquilizing effect on the human body, the abusive use of flunitrazepam (FNZ) in sexual assault and robbery is commonly encountered. In this study, the assembly of a hybrid nanocomposite comprising cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanosheets onto the surface of a screen printed carbon electrode (SPCE) is presented for the sensitive determination of flunitrazepam in various beverages. The properties of the CeO2-rGO nanocomposite were evaluated using various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques, while its electrochemical properties were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). A distinct composite structure with improved current response and electron transfer properties was achieved through the judicious application of rGO nanosheets to facilitate the in situ formation and anchoring of CeO2 nanoparticles. Under optimal conditions, the CeO2-rGO modified SPCE demonstrated flunitrazepam detection to 124 nM with a sensitivity of 40 mu A mu M-1 cm-2 and exhibited a broad linear response in the concentration range from 0.1 to 300 mu M. The quantification of flunitrazepam in spiked beverage samples using CeO2-rGO/SPCE demonstrated satisfactory recovery from 96 to108%. The functionalized sensor was further integrated into a microfluidic chip to prepare a portable flunitrazepam electrochemical platform, in which multiple samples can be processed and reliable analysis can be conducted at low sample volumes. The designed electrochemical microfluidic platform demonstrated desirable performance for flunitrazepam determination, offering a promising solution for on-site determination of illicit drugs in the field of forensic investigations.

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Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is widely added to dairy products for shelf life enhancement but is also a recognized adulterant. In this study, a novel nanomaterial H2O2 sensor was fabricated using a hexagonal boron nitride-cerium oxide nanocomposite and a redox protein cytochrome c-embedded hydrogel, referred to as the hBN-CeO2@Cyt c hydrogel nanocomposite. The unique nanomaterial-redox protein-embedded hydrogel platform provides a large electroactive surface area; and a 3D porous microenvironment for enhanced interaction of Cyt c and hBN-CeO2 and improved conductivity for enhancing electrochemical signals. The confirmation of hBN-CeO2@Cyt c hydrogel formation was obtained using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The electrochemical characterization of the hBN-CeO2@Cyt c hydrogel/SPCE was performed using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) within a concentration range of 5–50 µM. The calculated limit of detection (LOD) was 1.70 µM, and the limit of quantification (LOQ) of 5.15 µM. Additionally, a customized microfluidic device was developed and integrated with hBN-CeO2@Cyt c hydrogel/SPCE for continuous detection of H2O2. The redox couple (K3Fe(CN)6 and KCl) and H2O2 solution were transferred through the inlets of the microfluidic channel at a 10 µL/min flow rate. The DPV analysis conducted in the flow-type cell for H₂O₂ detection demonstrated the exceptional sensitivity of microfluidic electrochemical devices. The calculated LOD was 1.43 µM, while the LOQ was 4.34 µM, and the sensitivity was 0.9156 µA µM−1 cm−2. The sensor showed a good recovery rate (98.6 to 106

Biomedical implants are crucial for enhancing various human physiological functions. However, they are susceptible to microbial contamination after implantation, posing a risk of implant failure. To address this issue, hydrogel-based coatings are used, but achieving both effective antibacterial properties and stable adhesion remains challenging. This study introduces a hybrid hydrogel network made from Tannic Acid (TA) and Poly-l-Lysine (PLL), cross-linked through ionic and hydrogen bonds, which imparts adhesive and anti-infective properties. The physicochemical analysis revealed that the hydrogels exhibited significant porosity, favorable mechanical characteristics, and demonstrated in vitro enzymatic biodegradation. Moreover, the hydrogels demonstrated adhesion to various substrates, including Ti alloy with an adhesive strength of 42.5 kPa, and retained their integrity even after immersion in water for a minimum of 10 days. The modified Ti surfaces significantly reduced protein adsorption (similar to 70 %), indicating antifouling properties. The hydrogels prevented bacterial adhesion on titanium surfaces through a "contact-kill" mode of action and inhibited biofilm formation by around 94.5 % for Staphylococcus aureus and 90.8 % for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The modified Ti retained biofilm inhibitory effects for at least six days without significant performance decline. In vitro cytotoxicity assay confirmed the biocompatibility of the hydrogels with NIH3T3 cells. Overall, these results highlight the competence of hybrid hydrogels as effective coatings for Ti implants, offering strong adhesion and biofilm prevention to mitigate implant-related infections.

A simple, cost-effective, and efficient Ni2O3/rGO nanocomposites (NNGC) were synthesized by hydrothermal method. The NNG samples exhibited superior electrochemical performance towards the detection of nitrate ions due to the synergistic effect between Ni2O3, and rGO nanomaterials in terms of electroactive surface area. The crystallographic structure of the hybrid nanocomposite examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirms the presence of NiO and Ni2O3 in the nanocomposite. A nitrate ion-selective electrode (NO3--ISE) was developed based on tetradodecylammonium nitrate as an ion exchanger and 2-nitrophenyl octyl ether as a plasticizer. Ion-selective membrane (ISM) coated thin wrinkled layered structure of rGO together with the flaky layered structure of nickel oxide enabled the hybrid material towards electrochemical detection of nitrate ions. Microscopic studies and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS) spectra confirmed the formation of hybrid nanostructures. Raman and FTIR analysis results further corroborate the formation composite with significant D and G bands in NNG samples, which is in accordance with XRD results. Cyclic Voltammetry measurements were carried out with ISM-NNGC composite to record the changes in the detection of nitrate ions. The prepared ISM-NNGC sensing material showed a significant change in CV peak current in a linear range from 1 ppm to 200 ppm with a limit of detection (LOD) of 23.59mg/L and sensitivity of 13.3 μA/(mg/L)/cm2. Thus, the ISM-NNGC electrode has a significant potential to be employed for detecting nitrate ions as required in the soil during crop cultivation, according to reproducibility and interference experiments.

A dual-mode colorimetric and fluorometric sensor based on water soluble silver nanoclusters (AgNCs@PEI) is developed for quantitative and visual detection of ascorbic acid (Asc A). The detection method relies on the Asc A induced aggregation of AgNCs@PEI, which resulted in fluorecsence quenching of the sensor. The clusters exhibited a unique combination of static and collisional quenching with a wide range of dynamic detection (1-105 mu M) Linear relationship was observed in the concentration range 102-103 mu M using fluorescence and 0.2 x 102-5 x 103 mu M using absorbance spectroscopy with respective detection limits of 10.65 mu M and 2.49 mu M. The corresponding colorimetric and fluorometric changes can be easily monitored by the naked eye with a visual detection limit of 103 mu M. AgNCs@PEI were further integrated within a hydrogel for developing a solid-state visual detection platform. Notably, the sensing response of the clusters towards Asc A remained unaltered even after hydrogel integration. Additionally, digital image analysis was adopted, which improved the sensitivity of instrument-free fluorescence detection of Asc A. Analysis by the developed sensor showed excellent recovery percentages of Asc A in spiked urine samples, which further underscores the practical applicability of the sensor.

Noble metal nanoparticles incorporated in hybrid nanocomposites are considered as promising candidates for electrochemical applications owing to their physicochemical properties. In this work, we demonstrated the preparation of Fe2O3/rGO nanocomposite by hydrothermal method, followed by in situ Ag binding synthesis for the fabrication of hybrid nanocomposite (Ag/α-Fe2O3/rGO). The crystallographic structure of the hybrid nanocomposite is examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis which confirms the characteristics of Ag, Fe2O3, and rGO. The microscopic studies and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS) spectra confirmed the presence and formation of hybrid nanostructures. Raman analysis results further corroborate the formation of composite with significant D and G bands in Fe2O3/rGO and Ag/α-Fe2O3/rGO samples, which follow XRD results. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD) studies were carried out to analyze the faradaic capacitor behavior. A specific capacitance of 209.09 F/g was observed by GCD studies for Ag/α-Fe2O3/rGO composites at a current density of 1 A/g, which exhibited good capacitance retention of 94

The growing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains is reducing the efficacy of conventional treatments for bacterial infections and complicating the issue of biofilm formation. Herein, we synthesized selenium nanoparticles@reduced graphene oxide (nSe@rGO) to obtain nanocomposites with high antibacterial abilities. Importantly, the nanocomposite was synthesized at room temperature by bio-reduction employing the fruit extract of Phyllanthus emblica, which concurrently acted as a reducing agent for the synthesis of both nSe and rGO. To ensure sustained release and enhance long-term performance, the nanocomposite was incorporated into a hydrogel matrix of polyacrylamide and gum tragacanth. These nanocomposite hydrogels exhibited a significant 74% reduction in protein adsorption, highlighting their antifouling behavior. The hydrogels displayed a remarkable efficacy in reducing biofilm formation by the prevalent pathogens responsible for biofilm-associated infections, namely, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, achieving significant reductions of 97% and 86%, respectively. Notably, the hydrogels demonstrated sustained release of the nSe@rGO nanocomposite and maintained the bactericidal efficacy for an extended period of 5 days. The nSe@rGO nanocomposite hydrogels were capable of disrupting the well-established bacterial biofilms, achieving up to 80% reduction in biomass. In light of the remarkable potential mentioned above, these hydrogels offer a unique approach to tackle both planktonic and biofilm-associated infections. An antifouling nSe@rGO incorporated hydrogel for combating biofilm-associated infections.

2D nanomaterials-infused electrochemical microfluidic sensors mark a paradigm shift in precision sensing technology. Leveraging the unique properties of materials like carbons, transition metal and molecularly imprinted polymers, these sensors redefine the benchmarks for electrochemical sensing with their extraordinary sensitivity, rapid response kinetics, and remarkably low detection limits. The integration of a microfluidic system further enhances their capabilities, providing meticulous control over sample volumes and reaction kinetics, ensuring unparalleled reliability and reproducibility in real-time monitoring applications. This amalgamation of advanced nanomaterials and microfluidic technology not only sets new standards for precision sensing but also opens avenues for transformative applications across diverse fields. In the realm of food safety, these sensors emerge as pioneering tools, offering exceptional specificity for the precise detection of contaminants, pathogens, and spoilage indicators. Their rapid, on-site analysis capabilities revolutionize traditional testing methods, enabling timely interventions and elevating the overall quality assurance in the food industry. Simultaneously, their impact extends to environmental ecology, where the sensors play a crucial role in monitoring pollutants, heavy metals, and environmental stressors in real-time. The compact design and portability of these sensors facilitate on-site environmental monitoring, transcending the limitations of conventional laboratory-based testing and contributing to more sustainable and resilient ecosystems. Beyond their technological prowess, these sensors carry significant societal and economic implications. Their compact and portable nature streamlines on-site analyses, minimizing logistical challenges associated with sample transportation and centralized laboratory facilities. This efficiency not only enhances monitoring processes but also holds the potential to revolutionize resource allocation in sectors reliant on rapid and reliable analytical insights. In essence, 2D nanomaterials-based electrochemical microfluidic sensors represent a transformative leap towards precision sensing, promising a future where safeguarding the integrity of our food supply and ecological systems is seamlessly intertwined with technological innovation. Figure 1

A simple, cost-effective, and efficient Ni2O3/rGO nanocomposites (NNGC) were synthesized by hydrothermal method. The NNG samples exhibited superior electrochemical performance towards the detection of nitrate ions due to the synergistic effect between Ni2O3, and rGO nanomaterials in terms of electroactive surface area. The crystallographic structure of the hybrid nanocomposite examined by X-Ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirms the presence of NiO, Ni2O3 in the nanocomposite. A nitrate ion-selective electrode (NO3--ISE) was developed based on tetradodecylammonium nitrate as an ion exchanger and 2-nitrophenyloctyl ether as a plasticizer. Ion-selective membrane (ISM) coated thin wrinkled layered structure of rGO together with the flaky layered structure of nickel oxide enabled the hybrid material towards electrochemical detection of nitrate ions. Microscopic studies and Energy dispersive X-Ray analysis (EDS) spectra confirmed the formation of hybrid nanostructures. Raman and FTIR analysis results further corroborate the formation composite with significant D and G bands in NNG samples, which is in accordance with XRD results. Cyclic Voltammetry measurements were carried out with ISM-NNGC composite to record the changes in the detection of nitrate ions. The prepared ISM-NNGC sensing material showed a significant change in CV peak current in a linear range from 1 ppm to 200 ppm with a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.65 mg/L and sensitivity of 13.3 μA/(mg/L)/cm2. Thus, the ISM-NNGC electrode has a significant potential to be employed for detecting nitrate ions as required in the soil during crop cultivation, according to reproducibility and interference experiments.

Unprecedented advancement in the field of nanoengineering and nanotechnology has evolved a new class of nanoantimicrobials. Growing microbial resistance against persisting antibiotics, drugs, and chemicals poses a serious threat to modern engineering and medical system. An antimicrobial coating with nanomaterials as the key ingredient is a relatively new concept to tackle the resistant microbial variants. Such antimicrobial coatings offer potential to alter the interfacial characteristics of surface, thereby reducing/inhibiting microbial accumulation and hence biofilm formation on biomedical and industrial materials. The antimicrobial coatings have been categorized into four distinct classes, that is, repellant, contact, release, and stimuli–responsive, based on their mechanism of action. Nanomaterials based on metals, respective metal oxides, and polymers (natural and synthetic) have manifested enhanced antimicrobial activity over the years. Antimicrobial coatings based on such nanomaterials are expected to provide broad spectrum of protection, avoid microbial resistance and could be applied to various substrates for imparting long-term sustainability with low toxicity. The present chapter aims to highlight recent advancements in the domain of nanotechnology-based antimicrobial coatings along with providing a commercial perspective.

Cyclodextrins (CDs) are a unique class of molecules that are naturally available via degradation of starchy molecules. Their toroidal structure and abundant presence of hydroxyl groups have given scientists exceptional leverage resulting in synthesizing novel molecules for applications ranging from food packaging, controlled release of small molecules, antibacterial coating, agriculture, and air and water filtration. With the advent of nanotechnology, CDs have positioned itself in a variety of forms such as their ability to act as capping/reducing agents for metallic nanoparticles, or form stable nanofibers or nanoparticles or nano micelles, which can be subsequently utilized for sophisticated applications. In this review, we summarize researches on the presence of CDs in various aspects of nanotechnology ranging from nanoparticles, nanorods, nanomicelles, to nanofibers. In addition, through this review, we provide state-of-the-art applications that are being carried out using these nanostructures.

Skin tissue wound healing proceeds through four major stages, including hematoma formation, inflammation, and neo-tissue formation, and culminates with tissue remodeling. These four steps significantly overlap with each other and are aided by various factors such as cells, cytokines (both anti- and pro-inflammatory), and growth factors that aid in the neo-tissue formation. In all these stages, advanced biomaterials provide several functional advantages, such as removing wound exudates, providing cover, transporting oxygen to the wound site, and preventing infection from microbes. In addition, advanced biomaterials serve as vehicles to carry proteins/drug molecules/growth factors and/or antimicrobial agents to the target wound site. In this review, we report recent advancements in biomaterials-based regenerative strategies that augment the skin tissue wound healing process. In conjunction with other medical sciences, designing nanoengineered biomaterials is gaining significant attention for providing numerous functionalities to trigger wound repair. In this regard, we highlight the advent of nanomaterial-based constructs for wound healing, especially those that are being evaluated in clinical settings. Herein, we also emphasize the competence and versatility of the three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting technique for advanced wound management. Finally, we discuss the challenges and clinical perspective of various biomaterial-based wound dressings, along with prospective future directions. With regenerative strategies that utilize a cocktail of cell sources, antimicrobial agents, drugs, and/or growth factors, it is expected that significant patient-specific strategies will be developed in the near future, resulting in complete wound healing with no scar tissue formation.