Cisplatin (CIS) is a highly effective chemotherapeutic drug. However, it is associated with various side effects, including kidney damage, due to its nephrotoxic properties. This study aimed to evaluate the renoprotective potential of the combined extract of Curcuma longa and Curcuma zedoaria in reducing nephrotoxicity by examining its effects on tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), KIM-1, and caspase-3 levels. Twenty-five rats were divided into normal control groups (NS), CIS control groups, and three treatment groups that received doses of the combined extract at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg (CUR100, CUR200, and CUR400), respectively, on day 1-20. All groups, except the NS group (receiving normal saline i.p.), received intraperitoneal CIS (1 mg/kg) on days 7 and 14 of the 20-day extract treatment. Compared with the rats in the CIS group, rats given the combined extract had a considerable gain in body weight and decreased TNF-α, KIM-1, and caspase-3 expression levels. Histopathological examination revealed that the extract group experienced less kidney damage than the CIS group. The combined extract, administered at 200 mg/kg, exerted the most apparent protective effect, decreasing renal TNF-α, KIM-1, and caspase 3. The combined extract of C. longa and C. zedoaria has the potential to be a therapeutic agent for reducing nephrotoxicity by suppressing TNF-α, KIM-1, and caspase-3 levels. Further research is required to determine the potential of this combination therapy in humans.

Background: Cisplatin is a highly effective chemotherapeutic drug. However, it is associated with various side effects, including kidney damage, due to its nephrotoxic properties. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the renoprotective potential of the combined extract of Curcuma longa and Curcuma zedoaria in reducing nephrotoxicity by examining its effects on TNF-α, KIM-1, and Caspase-3 levels. Methods: Twenty-five rats were divided into normal control groups (NS), cisplatin control groups (CIS), and three treatment groups that received doses of the combined extract at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg (CUR100, CUR200, and CUR400), respectively on day 1-20. All groups, except the NS group (receiving normal saline i. p.), received intraperitoneal cisplatin (1 mg/kg) on days 7 and 14 of the 20-day extract treatment. Results: Compared with the rats in the CIS group, rats given the combined extract had a considerable gain in body weight and decreased TNF-α, KIM-1, and caspase-3 expression levels. Histopathological examination revealed that the extract group experienced less kidney damage than the CIS group. The combined extract, administered at 200 mg/kg, dexertedthe most apparent protective effect, decreasing renal TNF-α, KIM-1,, and caspase 3. Conclusion: The combined extract of Curcuma longa and Curcuma zedoaria has the potential to be a therapeutic agent for reducing nephrotoxicity by suppressing TNF-α, KIM-1, and caspase-3 levels. Further research is required to determine the potential of this combination therapy in humans.

Background:Cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious complication of cancer therapy. Natural compounds, such as those found in Curcuma species, may exert protective effects through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms. Aim:This study investigated the therapeutic mechanisms of combined Curcuma longa and Curcuma zedoaria extracts against cisplatin-induced kidney damage using Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) and network pharmacology. Methods:An ethanolic extract was prepared and analyzed using UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS to identify active compounds. The antioxidant capacity was assessed using the Diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl assay. Network pharmacology was used to predict compound-target interactions and identify key proteins involved in AKI pathways. Results:UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS analysis identified 40 bioactive compounds, among which 22 met the OB >30% threshold. Network analysis revealed 14 overlapping protein targets associated with AKI from 485 compound-related targets and 198 disease-related targets. Conclusion:This study demonstrated that key phytochemicals in C. longa and C. zedoaria may act on multiple protein targets implicated in AKI, highlighting their potential as multitarget therapeutics for kidney protection and future drug development.

Objective:The goal of this study was to examine how the combination of Curcuma zedoaria (zedoary) and Curcuma longa (turmeric) affected things on the kidneys of rats with acute kidney injury (AKI) from cisplatin by assessing the reduction of levels of cysteine-aspartic acid protease 3 (Caspase-3), kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in renal tissue. Materials and Methods:There were five groups of rats: a normal control group, a cisplatin control group (CP), and three extract treatment groups (Ext100, Ext200, and Ext400). The CP group got cisplatin on day seven to cause AKI, while the extract group got cisplatin on day seven and the combined extract on days one through nine. On the 10th day, we looked at body weight, kidney weight, histology, and gene expression of KIM-1, TNF-α, and Caspase-3 by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. We used SPSS (version 29.0) to do the statistical analyses. We present the data as mean ± SD or SEM and use analysis of variance and Tukey's post-hoc test to analyze them. Results:Body weight decreased in the CP group, while it initially decreased and then increased in the extract groups, with Ext200 showing the greatest increase. Histologically, the CP group exhibited severe kidney damage, whereas the Ext200 group showed reduced damage. Gene expression of Caspase-3, KIM-1, and TNF-α was much lower in the Ext100 and Ext200 groups than in the CP group. Conclusion:Cisplatin-induced AKI caused less damage to the kidneys and less production of KIM-1, TNF-α, and Caspase-3, suggesting that a 200 mg/kg combined extract of Zedoary and Turmeric could be used to prevent or lessen kidney damage. These results show that the extract could preserve the kidneys, which could lead to the creation of other treatments for those who are receiving cisplatin.

BACKGROUND Scleroderma is an immune-mediated connective tissue disease, with interstitial lung disease as one of its manifestations. Physalis angulata (P. angulata) or ciplukan has shown potential in treating fibrosis, but its role in preventing lung inflammation and fibrosis remains unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of P. angulata extract in a bleomycin (BLM)-induced scleroderma rat. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 6 groups. For lung inflammation prevention, 3 groups received: (1) BLM only, (2) BLM+50 mg/kgBW P. angulata, and (3) BLM+100 mg/kgBW P. angulata. After 14 days, rats were sacrificed and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) leukocyte count, interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels, and lung injury score were assessed. For fibrosis prevention, another 3 groups received the same interventions and were sacrificed after 51 days. Fibrosis score, fibrosis area, hydroxyproline, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), and matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) levels were analyzed. BLM was administered subcutaneously, while P. angulata was given orally for 14 days. IL-6, TGF-β, and MMP-13 were measured by ELISA and hydroxyproline by colorimetric method. Mean differences and p-values were calculated using appropriate statistical tests. RESULTS P. angulata extract did not prevent lung inflammation, as there were no differences in BAL leukocyte count (p = 0.126), IL-6 levels (p = 0.173), or lung injury scores (p = 0.397) between the BLM-only group and those receiving P. angulata. The extract also did not prevent lung fibrosis, with no differences in fibrosis scores (p = 0.173), fibrosis area (p = 0.359), hydroxyproline (p = 0.295), TGF-β (p = 0.374), or MMP-13 (p = 0.088) levels among groups. CONCLUSIONS P. angulata extract did not prevent the development of lung inflammation or fibrosis.

Pregnancy failure or abortion in dairy cattle is a major reproductive concern that affects animal welfare and the dairy industry's economic stability. Pathogens are a key factor contributing to this issue. Accurate diagnosis is essential for effective management and preventive measures. This review discusses various pathogens responsible for abortion in dairy cattle, including bacteria, viruses, and protozoa. Conventional diagnostic methods, which are important, may not always comprehensively detect all pathogens involved in abortion. This study focuses on current advances in diagnostic technology, particularly molecular approaches such as polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, as well as the promise of metagenomic techniques for increased accuracy. By integrating recent research findings, this review emphasizes the significance of these advancements in enhancing disease management, prevention measures, and overall herd health.

Abstrak: Tingkat pengetahuan dan kesadaran warga pesantren dalam menjaga kesehatan mata masih tergolong rendah, maka pengabdian kepada masyarakat (PkM) ini bertujuan memberikan pemeriksaan dan konsultasi mata, serta edukasi mengenai mata merah dan penggunaan tetes mata di Pondok Pesantresn (Ponpes) Islam Baitussalam, Mijen, Semarang. Kegiatan pemeriksaaan kesehatan mata dan edukasi diikuti oleh warga Ponpes Baitussalam, Mijen Semarang sebanyak 173 orang, yang berusia antara 7-76 tahun. Evaluasi keberhasilan edukasi dilaksanakan melalui pemberian pertanyaan sebelum dan sesudah penyuluhan. Hasil pemeriksaaan mata diperoleh bahwa 43,9% peserta memiliki penglihatan yang normal, 38,2% memerlukan kacamata, 16,2% mengalami myopia, dan 15% memerlukan rujukan. Edukasi mengenai mata merah dan penggunaan tetes mata bermanfaat untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan sebesar 10% bagi warga pesantren Baitussalam, Mijen Semarang. Warga mengharapkan bahwa PkM dapat dilaksanakan secara berkesinambungan dan ada kerjasama dengan optik maupun rumah sakit yang dapat memberikan kacamata gratis sesuai hasil pemeriksaaan maupun operasi katarak gratis.Abstract: The level of knowledge and awareness of residents in keeping eye health is still low, so devotion to the community (PkM) waas aimed at providing examination and eye consultation, as well as education about red eyes and the use of eye drops in Pondok Pesantresn (Ponpes) Islam Baitussalam, Mijen, Semarang. The eye health examination and education activities were followed by the citizens of Ponpes Baitussalam, Mijen Semarang of 173 people, who are between 7-76 years of age. Evaluation of educational success was carried out by asking questions before and after the examination. Eye examinations showed that 43.9% of participants had normal vision, 38.2% needed glasses, 16.2% had myopia, and 15% needed reference. Education about red eyes and the use of eye drops is beneficial to increasing knowledge by 10% for the residents of the Baitussalam, Mijen Semarang. Citizens expect that the PkM can be implemented continuously and there is cooperation with optics and hospitals that can provide free glasses according to the results of the examination as well as free cataract surgery.

Kuda merupakan salah satu hewan yang penting dalam produksi plasma antisera sebagai bahan baku pembuatan serum. Akhir abad ke-19 kuda berperan krusial dalam pengembangan serum pertama terhadap penyakit difteri manusia. Hingga saat ini kuda masih digunakan untuk memproduksi berbagai serum anti-venom, anti-rabies, anti-tetanus, hingga anti-SARS CoV-2. Proses produksi plasma antisera diawali dengan injeksi imunogen pada kuda yang disebut dengan hiperimunisasi. Antibodi dalam jumlah besar yang terbentuk dikoleksi kemudian dipurifikasi untuk digunakan pada manusia. Hiperimunisasi menimbulkan berbagai efek samping, diantaranya adalah penimbunan fibril amiloid pada berbagai jaringan yang dapat mengganggu fisiologi dan fungsi organ tubuh. Sebanyak 12 ekor kuda digunakan dalam penelitian ini dan dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok. Kuda kontrol (n=3) terdiri atas kuda yang belum pernah mendapatkan perlakuan hiperimunisasi, sedangkan 9 kuda lainnya dikelompokkan berdasarkan lamanya waktu produksi plasma antisera dengan metode hiperimunisasi (masing-masing kelompok berjumlah 3 ekor). Kelompok I terdiri atas kuda dengan masa produksi 2-3 tahun, kelompok II terdiri atas kuda dengan masa produksi 4-5 tahun, dan kelompok III terdiri atas kuda dengan masa produksi 6-7 tahun. Sampel darah, serum, dan aspirasi sumsum tulang dianalisis utuk melihat profil eritrosit, Hb, PCV, trombosit, profil besi (besi serum, UIBC, TIBC, saturasi transferin), rasio mieloid:eritroid (M:E) dan persentase retikulosit. Analisis statistik menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada parameter eritrosit dan rasio M:E (P<0,05), sedangkan Hb, trombosit, dan profil besi tidak ditemukan perbedaan yang signifikan (P>0,05). Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan hiperimunisasi menyebabkan terjadinya anemia non-regeneratif dengan mekanisme supresi eritropoiesis sumsum tulang tanpa memengaruhi komponen besi.

Kulit ikan salmon merupakan salah satu hasil samping yang dapat diolah menjadi kolagen. Kolagen larut papain (PaSC) adalah istilah yang digunakan untuk menggambarkan kolagen yang diekstraksi menggunakan kombinasi asam dan enzim papain. PaSC berpotensi menjadi sumber kolagen halal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan waktu ekstraksi dan konsentrasi enzim papain terbaik dalam menghasilkan kolagen kulit ikan salmon berdasarkan persentase rendemen dan sifat kimia. Kulit ikan salmon diekstrak menggunakan kombinasi asam asetat (0,5 M) dan enzim papain (500; 1.000; 1.500 U/mg/g kulit) selama 1; 2; dan 3 jam. Parameter yang dianalisis dalam penelitian ini meliputi logam berat, rendemen, asam amino, gugus fungsional, dan berat molekul. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan kombinasi asam asetat konsentrasi 0,5 M dan enzim papain 1.000 U/mg/g selama 2 jam menghasilkan kelarutan kolagen yang maksimal dengan rendemen sebesar 15,38% (bk). Kolagen PaSC kulit ikan salmon terdeteksi memiliki asam amino prolin, glisin, dan arginin. Distribusi berat molekul kolagen berada pada rentang 20-142 kDa. Struktur triple helix kolagen tidak mengalami perubahan selama proses ekstraksi berdasarkan analisis FTIR.

The dried leaves of Melastoma malabathricum L., locally named Karamunting or Senduduk, is traditionally consumed in many regions in Indonesia as herbal tea to cure different illnesses, including diabetes. To date, information on the compounds responsible for their antidiabetic activity is still very rare. The study aimed to identify bioactive compounds of M. malabathricum L. leaves using LC-MS based metabolomics and molecular docking approaches. The leaves brewed with different methods were subjected to LC−MS measurements and several bioactivity tests (in vivo and in vitro antihyperglycemic, and in vitro antioxidant). LC−MS data were linked to the activity data using multivariate data analysis. Molecular docking using alpha-glucosidase, alpha-amylase, and insulin receptor as protein targets was used to verify the results and study the interaction between the identified compound and protein targets. As results, isoquercetin and myricitrin were identified as compounds strongly associated with alpha-amylase inhibitors, while rutin and epicatechin were identified as alpha-glucosidase inhibitors. Quercitrin, citric acid, quercetin, epicatechin, isoquercitrin, and 7-hydroxycoumarine were strongly correlated with both antihyperglycemic and antioxidant activities. The results of metabolomics were confirmed with molecular docking studies, which showed that some of these compounds acted as competitive inhibitors, while others acted as non-competitive ones. Possible synergism between epicatechin and citric acid in their interaction with IR was detected. Metabolomics combined with molecular docking efficiently identified and confirmed several antihyperglycemic and antioxidant compounds from M. malabathricum L., leaf. This study provides scientific evidence for the traditional use of M. malabathricum L. as an antidiabetic herbal.

Background and Aim:The excessive use of antimicrobials in livestock farming leads to the emergence and dissemination of antimicrobial-resistant organisms. This study aimed to detect extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli genes in integrated poultry-fish farms in Bogor, Indonesia. Materials and Methods:A total of 256 samples were collected from six poultry-fish farms. One hundred and seventy-five chicken cloaca swabs, 60 fish skin swabs, six pond water samples, and 15 farmer's hand swabs. ESBL-producing E. coli was confirmed through double-disk diffusion. The specific primers and probe genes for quantitative polymerase chain reaction detection of ESBL-producing E. coli targeted blaTEM, blaCTX-M, blaSHV, and blaOXA-48 genes. Results:Among the 256 samples tested, 145 (56.6%) were positive for E. coli, and 67.6% (98/145) were identified as ESBL-producing E. coli. The most ESBL-producing E. coli isolates were obtained from chicken cloaca (78.3%, 72/92), followed by pond water (66.7%, 4/6), fish skin (47.6%, 20/42), and farmer's hand swabs (40%, 2/5). About 100% of the isolates carried the genes blaTEM and blaCTX-M, whereas 17.3% and 24.5% carried blaSHV and blaOXA-48, respectively. Conclusion:ESBL-producing E. coli genes were investigated in chicken cloaca, fish, pond water, and farmers' hands within an interconnected poultry-fish farming operation. The ESBL-producing E. coli in chickens can transfer resistant genes to aquatic environments. The transfer could harm other aquatic species and food chains, potentially threatening human health.

Berdasarkan data Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS), tahun 2021 terdapat 10.683 desa/kelurahan paling banyak di Jawa Tengah yang mengalami pencemaran air disebabkan oleh limbah air sabun. Sabun adalah alat pembersih yang dibuat dari bahan kimia yang tergolong tidak mudah terurai oleh air. Hal tersebut melatarbelakangi peneliti untuk membuat sabun pembersih lantai yang ramah lingkungan dengan memanfaatkan sampah organik sebagai pembuatan eco-enzyme. Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh dari (Sistem Informasi Pengelolaan Sampah Nasional) SIPSN KLHK, jumlah timbulan sampah di Indonesia pada tahun 2023 mencapai 28,6 juta ton dan 41,48% sampah organik termasuk sampah sisa makanan. Solusi yang bisa ditawarkan ialah memanfaatkan timbunan sampah organik menjadi eco-enzyme sebagai antibakteri minim bahan kimia dalam pembuatan pembersih lantai. Metode Analytical Hierarchy Process dipilih untuk mengetahui hasil proporsi fitur utama sebesar 50%, fitur sekunder 20%, bahan utama 20%, dan sosial & lingkungan 10%. Fitur utama pembuatan pembersih lantai diantaranya dapat membersihkan lantai marmer, porselen serta keramik, cepat kering, tidak licin, dan tidak lengket yang disebut champion concept. Fitur tambahan seperti efisiensi tinggi dalam membasmi bakteri, dan ramah lingkungan. Pembuatan pembersih lantai menggunakan bahan dasar utama yaitu Methyl Ester Sulfonate (MES), Aquades, NaCl, dan eco-enzyme. Pembuatan pembersih lantai terbagi menjadi 3 tahapan yaitu tahap proses mixing bahan baku, tahap fermentasi, dan tahap upgrading.

Perguruan tinggi sebagai tempat insan akademik berkiprah saat ini mengalami berbagai tantangan dan ancaman yang dapat mengganggu fungsinya sebagai pusat pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi (iptek), serta menjadi penjaga keberlanjutan peradaban dan moralitas insan akademik agar tidak terdistorsi dan tererosi. Kemajuan teknologi (khususnya teknologi informasi), dekadensi moral global, tekanan ekonomi, orientasi praktis dan fokus pada pencapaian jangka pendek, perubahan paradigma pendidikan serta iklim ketidakpastian, menjadikan nilai-nilai tradisional perguruan tinggi terancam tergeser menjadi mesin penghasil tenaga kerja semata. Perguruan tinggi, yang seharusnya berperan sebagai benteng terakhir penjaga nilai-nilai akademik, serta sebagai agen perubahan (agent of change) yang berorientasi pada nilai kebaikan dan penjaga nilai moral (guardian of value), perlu jati diri insan akademik yang unggul, sehingga peran dan fungsi perguruan tinggi dapat tetap dipertahankan. Untuk memberikan pertimbangan dalam upaya menjaga tersebut, Policy Brief ini disusun melalui serangkaian proses diskusi anggota tim PAH Jati Diri Insan Akademik dan proses FGD yang melibatkan narasumber internal dan eksternal IPB. Policy Brief ini diakhiri dengan rekomendasi yang dapat diusulkan kepada penyelenggara pendidikan tinggi Indonesia agar fungsi perguruan tinggi dan insan akademik dapat tetap terjaga

Black cumin (Nigella sativa) is a herbal plant that has been cultivated locally in Indonesia and is traditionally used for various diseases. Thymoquinone, one of the main components, is rich in biological activity. In several countries, topical application of its oil on human skin with vitiligo can stimulate skin repigmentation with minimal side effects. This study aims to determine the viability of B16F10 melanoma mouse cells against ethanol and n-hexane extracts of black cumin seeds through the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The ethanol extract (EE) yield was 14.306%, and the n-hexane extract (NHE) was 7.442%. Phytochemical screening of EE detected flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, and steroids, and High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) detected 0.040% thymoquinone. The MTT test showed cell viability was >100% from EE at all treatment concentrations, namely 0.75-100 ppm and only 0.75-6.25 ppm for NHE. In conclusion, this study indicates that 96% EE of Nigella sativa is less toxic than NHE on B16F10 mouse melanoma cells and has potential as an alternative treatment for vitiligo, which needs to be proven in further research.

Background and Aim: Horses used for antisera production are repeatedly hyperimmunized to produce high levels of specific antibodies. This prolonged process can lead to various health issues, including amyloidosis, which involves the accumulation of amyloid proteins in organs and tissues, potentially causing organ dysfunction and failure. These horses are often retired when they no longer produce adequate antibody levels. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of prolonged antisera production on the health of retired horses by examining their blood biochemistry and serum amyloid A (SAA) levels, which are indicators of systemic inflammation and organ damage. Materials and Methods: Blood samples were collected from 12 horses for this study. Nine horses were retired antiseraproducing horses that had been discontinued for 2 years, while three healthy non-antisera-producing horses were used as controls. These twelve horses were divided into four groups based on the duration of their active period as antisera producers (never been used, 2-3 years, 4-5 years, and 6-7 years). We measured key blood biochemistry parameters and SAA levels to evaluate the health status of the horses. Results: Total protein, fibrinogen, and globulin levels were elevated, whereas other parameters remained normal. The findings indicate that despite normal SAA levels, the horses exhibited signs of ongoing health issues related to their previous use in antisera production, such as increased total plasma protein, fibrinogen, and globulin levels, as well as the presence of amyloid deposits in vital organs such as the liver and kidneys, as observed in post-mortem examinations. Conclusion: Despite normal SAA levels, retired antisera-producing horses showed elevated total protein, fibrinogen, and globulin levels, indicating ongoing health issues.

Hippobroma longiflora is a weed plant with diverse metabolites, including alkaloids, phenolics, tannins, and saponins. The community in several tropical regions uses this plant as medicine, but information about the metabolite profile contained in its leaves is still quite limited. Therefore, this research was conducted to identify the metabolite content in Hippobroma longiflora leaf extract and investigate its potential pharmacological effects to ensure its use in healthcare. The method used was LC-MS/MS, followed by inputting the results of LC-MS/MS into MS Dial and MS Finder applications to identify the essential compounds. The analysis resulted in 29 compounds identified: phenolic, terpenoid, and alkaloid compound groups. Hippobroma longiflora contains several potent antioxidants, antibacterial or antiviral compounds, and anticancers. In conclusion, Hippobroma longiflora leaf extract is rich in compounds that can be utilized by the community in medicine and healthcare, in particular for certain infectious diseases and anticancer.

Sistem penilaian yang berjalan di kampus PEM Akamigas masih sederhana. Tenaga pendidik (dosen) dan tenaga kependidikan (akademik) ketika melaksanakan penilaian ujian sidang kkw (kertas kerja wajib) di lingkungan kampus. PEM Akamigas masih menggunakan google form, google site dan excel, bahkan terkadang masih manual menggunakan kertas. Penilaian menggunakan google form hanya penilaian online biasa dan tidak terkesan kampus yang digitalisasi. Tujuan pembuatan sistem informasi penilaian ini digunakan untuk memudahkan penilaian secara online, digitalisasi dan data nilai tersimpan secara aman di database. Analisa SWOT digunakan untuk memecahkan masalah tersebut. Kemudian dijabarkan dalam metode Fishbone Diagram dari masalah yang dipilih. Metode SMART dapat digunakan sebagai panduan untuk menetapkan tujuan, target atau sasaran masalah yang akan dipecahkan. Perancangan system informasinya menggunakan tahapan survei sistem, analisis sistem, desain sistem, pembuatan sistem, implementasi sistem, pemeliharaan sistem. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah terbuatnya sistem informasi penilaian kkw dan implementasi sistem informasi penilaian kkw di Program Studi Teknik Pengolahan Minyak dan Gas PEM Akamigas segera dilakukan.

Fruit bats serve as an important reservoir for many zoonotic pathogens, including Nipah virus, Hendra virus, Marburg virus and Lyssavirus. To gain a deeper insight into the virological characteristics, pathogenicity and zoonotic potential of bat-borne viruses, recovery of infectious viruses from field samples is important. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of a mammalian orthoreovirus (MRV) from a large flying fox (Pteropus vampyrus) in Indonesia, which is the first detection of MRV in Southeast Asia. MRV was recovered from faecal samples of three different P. vampyrus in Central Java. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed that the genome of the three MRV isolates shared more than 99% nucleotide sequence identity. We tentatively named one isolated strain as MRV12-52 for further analysis and characterization. Among 10 genome segments, MRV12-52 S1 and S4, which encode the cell-attachment protein and outer capsid protein, had 93.6 and 95.1% nucleotide sequence identities with known MRV strains, respectively. Meanwhile, the remaining genome segments of MRV12-52 were divergent with 72.9-80.7 % nucleotide sequence identities. Based on the nucleotide sequence of the S1 segment, MRV12-52 was grouped into serotype 2, and phylogenetic analysis demonstrated evidence of past reassortment events. In vitro characterization of MRV12-52 showed that the virus efficiently replicated in BHK-21, HEK293T and A549 cells. In addition, experimental infection of laboratory mice with MRV12-52 caused severe pneumonia with 75% mortality. This study highlights the presence of pathogenic MRV in Indonesia, which could serve as a potential animal and public health concern.

Coxiella burnetii is an obligate intracellular bacterium that causes Q fever and belongs to the gamma subdivision of Proteobacteria. Several studies discovered incidences of Q fever in various parts of Indonesia, primarily in ruminants. Identification and detection of Q fever in East Java province was reported in 1976. Since then, there has been no report of the presence of this disease in the East Java region. This research aimed to detect the current presence of C. burnetii in ruminants in East Java using samples of the liver, spleen, kidney, lung, and heart of 125 cattle and 156 local goats slaughtered in slaughterhouses in East Java province. Detection of C. burnetii was performed by nested PCR method using outer membrane protein (OMP) and 16S rRNA primers, followed by confirmation using the immunohistochemistry method and hematoxylin-eosin staining. The results showed that C. burnetii bacteria were only detected in 8 out of 80 (10%) local goat samples from Malang by nested PCR using OMP primer. In comparison, nested PCR with 16SrRNA primer could only detect C. burnetii in 3 out of 8 goat's positive samples. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry showed immunoreactivity in the lung, spleen, and kidney. The positive sample of C. burnetii was found only in a small part of Malang local goats but neither in cattle in Malang nor other ruminants in other areas of East Java province. The results of this study strengthen the assumption that Q fever has already been endemic in East Java province.

Collagen is a type of protein that is plentiful and has a wide variety of applications. Collagen is often derived from porcine and bovine, however, both sources are considered to transmit disease, particularly porcine sources, which haram to Moslem. There are some methods for collagen extraction, on of them using acid method. The purpose of this study was to obtain the best method of extraction and analyze collagen from alternative sources, specifically salmon skin, which is abundant. This study included two stages, i.e. pretreatment with sodium hydroxide for eliminating non-collagen proteins prior from salmon skin and extraction with acetic acid for collagen extraction. Pretreatment was carried out utilizing a split-plot design with parameters for determining the levels of non-collagen protein. The extraction step used a factorial completely randomized design to observe yields, amino acids, functional groups, and molecular weights. The results indicated that the extract was collagen. It was indicated by high glycine, alanine, and proline amino acid content. The result of SDS-PAGE showed the extracted was type I collagen was characterized by two identical 1 chains and one similar, but 2 different chains. The propeptides of type I procollagen have a similar composition. The most effective method for eliminating non-collagen proteins prior to extracting collagen from salmon skin was pretreatment with a 0.05 M NaOH solution for 10 hours. Collagen extraction using acetic acid at concentration of 0.5 M for 48 hours resulted in a yield of 12.79%.