Background: The assessment of small foci of atypical glands in prostatic needle biopsy specimens is a key diagnostic challenge in routine histopathology for pathologists. Due to the presence of mimickers of prostate carcinoma, at times making a definitive diagnosis becomes difficult. The use of immunomarkers like α‑Methyl Acyl Co A Racemase (AMACR), p63 and High Molecular Weight Cytokeratin (HMWCK/34betaE12) has made it easier for us to reach the diagnosis in such cases. Material and methods: All the cases which were received in the Department of Pathology, JNMCH, AMU from January 2015 to December 2018 were categorized into four histomorphologic groups on the basis of histopathology, and immunohistochemistry was applied on all the cases which were rendered ‘suspicious’ on histomorphology. Result: One hundred twenty-one prostatic specimens were received. Out of which, 13 biopsies were found to be inadequate for analysis and hence were not included in the study. Out of the rest 108 cases, (1) 52 were benign, (2) 19 were premalignant, (3) 25 were carcinoma and (4) 12 were signed as ‘suspicious’ on histopathology. These 12 suspicious cases were true cut needle biopsies which were considered appropriate for applying immunomarkers along with control cases. Out of 12 suspicious cases, 8 cases (66.7%) were negative and 3 cases (25%) were weakly positive for p63, 1 case showed moderate immunostaining. HMWCK was completely negative in 7 cases (58.33%), 3 cases (25%) showed weak positivity, 1 case showed moderate and 1 case showed strong positivity. While 5 cases (41.67%) were negative and 7 cases (58.33%) were positive for AMACR mostly showing moderate to strong positivity Conclusion: The application of immunomarkers helped us to reach a definite diagnosis in 10 out of 12 cases, which were otherwise difficult to classify. Judicious use of immunomarkers can help in differentiating mimickers of prostate carcinoma from true cancer cases and assist in reaching a definitive diagnosis.

Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide and unfortunately up to 80% of patients amongst newly diagnosed are inoperable therefore the cytological sample is often the only material available for diagnosis and assessment of molecular characteristics driving the treatment.

Cancer of uterine cervix is the most common cancer among Indian females. Surgery is the main modality of treatment along with radiation and chemotherapy depending upon clinical stage of the tumor and surgical findings. However, patients with advanced or recurrent disease have a poor survival despite the use of cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy. Hence, there is an increasing need for developing novel therapeutic target that can replace or be added to the current therapy for these patients. The present study was conducted to evaluate the presence of Her-2/neu expression. Two hundred cervical specimens were included in this study. These comprised cases with diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma. HER-2/neu immunostaining was performed by using BioGenex monoclonal mouse anti-human HER-2/neu Receptor IgG1 antibody. Higher expression of HER-2/neu was noted in malignant lesions as compared to premalignant lesions. Intensity of staining also correlated with grade of malignant tumor, clinical stage and lymph node metastasis. The over-expression of HER-2/neu oncoprotein is found to be associated with poor prognosis, metastatic potential and aggressive biological behaviour.

Dengue fever is the most rapidly spreading mosquito-borne viral disease in the world. An estimated 50 million infections per year occur across approximately 100 countries. The incidence has increased 30-fold with increasing geographic expansion with potential for further spread [1].

Extragenital involvement in lichen sclerosus is uncommon.Involvement of the palms and soles is very rare, with lichen sclerosus almost always showing elsewhere on the body.We describe the case of a female child with a linear hyperpigmented plaque on the right sole studded with keratotic papules.Dermoscopy showed scales and keratin plugs with surrounding pigmentation.Histopathology showed features of lichen sclerosus.This report describes a very rare occurrence of unilateral and isolated involvement of the sole with lichen sclerosus and its dermoscopic findings.

CD34 is a transmembrane glycoprotein that is thought to be involved in the modulation of cell adhesion and signal transduction. The connective tissue stroma of virtually all human organs contain large amounts of resident CD34+ fibrocytes, which are involved in multiple functions such as wound healing, secretion of cytokines and also participate in stromal remodeling. It has been seen in various studies that absence of CD34+ fibrocytes within the stroma is associated with invasive carcinomas. In our study, we also investigated the presence and distribution of CD34+ fibrocytes in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, invasive cervical carcinoma and adjacent normal cervical stroma. It was seen that normal cervical stroma and the stroma adjacent to cervical intra epithelial lesions harbours a dense meshwork of CD34+ fibrocytes, whereas the stroma of invasive carcinoma was nearly devoid of this cell population. Early stromal invasion by squamous carcinoma was characterized by a focal loss of CD34+ fibrocytes. This can be used as a sensitive tool in detecting tiny foci of stromal invasion in early cancer.

Cryptococcus is a ubiquitous fungus and is known for causing meningitis and cutaneous infections in immunocompromised individuals. Disseminated cryptococcal infection is very rare and almost always found to occur in immunocompromised individuals especially in persons infected with HIV. This is particularly attributed to its capsulated spores. But there are few reported cases in which it has been found to cause disseminated infections even in immunocompetent individuals. We report a similar case of disseminated cryptococcal infection in an immunocompetent host. Early detection and treatment of disseminated cryptococcosis is essential to reduce morbidity and for better outcome.

A 50-year-old male presented with major complaints of bleeding per -rectum and generalized weakness for past one and a half month. Digital rectal examination (DRE) and colonoscopy revealed a thrombosed internal haemorrhoid, which was surgically excised. Histopathological examination (HPE) was pointing towards anal malignant melanoma, which was further confirmed by positive immunohistochemistry (IHC) for HMB-45. As the patient had no secondaries or lymph node enlargement, he was referred for loco-regional radiotherapy. Primary ano-rectal melanoma is a rare but locally aggressive neoplasm capable of early metastasis. Owing to its non-specific clinical presentation it may be mistaken for benign conditions like haemorrhoids and may prove fatal. Surgical treatment may range from wide local excision (WLE) to abdomino-perineal resection (APR) with controversial role of chemo-radiation in advanced cases. Prognosis is usually bleak with a 5-year survival rate of less than 20%. Owing to the rarity of ano-rectal melanoma and importance of its early detection and management, this case is being reported here.