Purpose: to determine the effect of different drip irrigation modes on the productivity and quality of table grape products under irrigated conditions in the Republic of Crimea. Materials and methods. Studies on the effect of drip irrigation modes were conducted on young grape plantations in the Belogorsk district of the Republic of Crimea in 2023–2024. The experimental plot was set and the studies were carried out according to generally accepted methods. Results and discussion. The studies showed that the highest productivity of table grapes was obtained in the experimental variant with maintaining soil moisture at 80 % of field moisture capacity in the 0.6 m layer throughout the growing season (80-80-80 %) and amounted to 2.84 t/ha. In other irrigated variants with maintaining moisture at 65-80-65 % and 65-70-65 % in the 0.6 m layer, the yield was lower by 1.16 and 1.37 t/ha, respectively. The increase from irrigation amounted to 89.9–120.2 %. In the irrigated variants, the share of irrigation water varied from 21.7 to 32.4 % of the total water consumption. With natural moisture, consumptive water use was the lowest and amounted to 3,340 cub. m/ha. In the irrigated experimental variants, this figure was significantly higher – 4,666–5,062 cub. m/ha. Moreover, the efficiency of water use in the irrigated experimental variants was better than without irrigation. Conclusions. The obtained dependencies of the sugar content and acidity of grape juice on the consumptive water use and irrigation rate showed that high yields of table grapes do not always result in high-quality commercial products. Therefore, when cultivating table grapes with drip irrigation, it is necessary to maintain a balance between productivity and quality.

Расчет экономической эффективности с учетом продуктивности возделывания сельскохозяйственных культур позволяет выбирать лучший вариант и решать задачи оптимизации системы управления на стадии ее проектирования, что в условиях многолетнего дефицита на водные ресурсы имеет важное значение для орошаемого земледелия юга России. Программа исследований предусматривала проведение полевого опыта в трехкратной повторности с размещением опытных делянок систематическим методом. Исследования проводили с целью изучения режимов орошения, позволившего обосновать диапазон изменения планируемой обеспеченности как при наличии дефицита исследуемого фактора, так и при необходимом и достаточном уровнях влажности расчетного слоя почвы. Изучены режим орошения, структура и динамика водного баланса и влажности почвы орошаемого поля различных сельскохозяйственных культур: пшеницы, кукурузы, картофеля, лука, свеклы, сои и моркови. Определены количество поливов, поливная и оросительная нормы, начальные и конечные влагозапасы, осадки, эвапотранспирация. Рассматриваемая система эксплуатации орошаемого агроландшафта по показателям абсолютной величины годового экономического эффекта, коэффициенту эффективности и сроку окупаемости капитальных вложений при сопоставлении с нормативными значениями считается экономически эффективной.

Любое применение различных видов удобрений влечет за собой накопление их в почве, растениях, животных, питающихся этими растениями, и соответственно в организме человека. Определена возможность снижения химической нагрузки на агроценоз при использовании различных видов органических удобрений и перехода от интенсивного земледелия к экологическому. Исследования проводили в 2019 – 2021 гг. в Ростовской области на растениях основной и сидеральной культур. Определена динамика массы клубней по фазам вегетации картофеля летнего срока посадки сорта Каратоп. Рассчитана экономическая эффективность применения различных видов удобрений как совместно, так и по отдельности, а также рассмотрен вариант, не предусматривающий внесение питательных веществ в почву. Установлена динамика элементов питания в пахотном горизонте по вариантам исследований с учетом различных периодов вегетации культуры и сезонных изменений агроценоза. Применение только органических удобрений ведет к снижению урожайности на 9,5 т/га. При отказе от внесения питательных веществ урожайность составила в среднем 35,3 т/га, что на 17,8 т/га меньше средней урожайности на наиболее продуктивном варианте. Для достижения наибольших показателей урожайности картофеля следует строить систему питания так, чтобы в нее входили и органические, и минеральные удобрения. При таком применнии доходность от проводимых мероприятий более чем в 2 раза превышала затраты на получение продукции, показатель рентабельности составил 204,7 %.

Представлены результаты полевых исследований по изучению влияния различных доз минеральных удобрений на урожайность зерна кукурузы, возделываемой на орошаемых землях на фоне последействия органических удобрений. Исследования проводили в 2019 – 2021 гг. на опытном участке хозяйства Ростовской области. Полевой опыт включал: 1 вариант (контроль) — минеральные удобрения вносили расчетной дозой под планируемую урожайность 10 т/га зерна кукурузы; 2 и 3 варианты — дозы минеральных удобрений увеличивали соответственно на 10 и 20 % от расчетной; 4 и 5 варианты — дозы удобрений сокращали соответственно на 10 и 20 % от расчетной. В контроле с внесением дозы удобрений под планируемую урожайность фактическая урожайность составила 10,1 т/га. В вариантах 2 и 3 прибавки урожайности составили 3 и 7 % соответственно. В варианте 4 получено 8,6 т/га, что на 17 % меньше, чем в контроле. В варианте 5 недобор урожайности составил 1,5 т/га или 9 % по сравнению с контролем. Улучшение системы питания кукурузы, возделываемой в условиях орошения, за счет внесения минеральных и последействия органических удобрений оказало положительное влияние на ее продуктивность.

Установлена зависимость урожайности сортов сои раннеспелого (Селекта 201) и среднераннего (Селекта 302) срока созревания от способа посева и нормы высева в условиях орошения. Исследования проводили в 2019 – 2021 гг. в Ростовской области на лугово-черноземных почвах. Выявлено, что площадь листовой поверхности достигла наибольших показателей в фазу налива бобов при норме высева 600 тыс. шт./га и ширине междурядий 0,45 м на сорте Селекта 201 — 72 тыс. м2/га; на сорте Селекта 302 — 70 тыс. м2/га при ширине междурядий 0,15 м и той же норме высева. Сорт Селекта 201 имел высокие показатели линейного роста — 112 см, площадь листовой поверхности — 70,1 тыс. м2/га и высокую вегетативную массу абсолютно сухого вещества — 7,3 т/га при норме высева 800 тыс. шт./га и ширине междурядий 0,15 м. У сорта Селекта 302 эти же показатели были выше при норме высева 600 тыс. шт./га и ширине междурядий 0,45 м. Возделывание сортов сои с разной группой спелости позволяет на орошаемых землях Ростовской области получать 4,8 – 5,2 т/га сои.

Purpose: to study the soil properties in the rice system at Manych-Agro LLC, to determine their variability in the space of rice paddies and to assess the ecological state of soils. Materials and methods. On a representative plot, the groundwater table level (GWL), water-physical and physico-chemical properties of soils under different crops of rice crop rotation were studied. Soil samples in non-irrigated plots were also taken for comparative analysis (sunflower, winter wheat and alfalfa). Results. It was revealed that the soils in the arable layer of rice system of Manych-Agro LLC are characterized mainly by weak salinity, gypsum-bearing layers in depth. There is practically no alkalinity, but magnesium alkalinity prevails in the absence of sodium one and low content of exchangeable calcium in the soil absorbtion complex (SAC) in the 40-cm layer (from 60 to 72 % of the total SAC). The humus content is low to very low. The above mentioned negative properties of soils contribute to their strong compaction. Variability of soil properties indicators in space is different. The most significant soil variability was found in salinity (V = 103 %) and solonetzization of soils (V = 25...40 %), and insignificant – in exchangeable calcium (V = 10 %). Humus has an average variability (V = 16 %) for rice fields. Conclusions. The ecological state of soils is ambiguous. Exceeding the GWL, loss of humus and the increase in the proportion of magnesium in SAC characterize the situation as an ecological disaster, and an increase in soil compaction and a decrease in the amount of exchangeable calcium form an emergency situation. A relatively satisfactory situation is emerging in terms of soil salinity and exchangeable sodium.

Purpose: assessment of the use of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) by soybeans while using the improved cultivation technology on irrigated lands in Rostov region. Materials and methods. The studies were carried out on irrigated lands at Bessergenevskoe Agricultural Enterprise LLC in 2019–2021. The laying of field experiments on soybean crops, recording and observations were carried out according to the methods of VNIIMK and All-Union Scientific Research Institute of soybean. In the experiments, the following soybean varieties were sown: SK Optima, SK Riana, Selecta 201, Selecta 302, SK Veda. The method of A. A. Nichiporovich was used to calculate the use of PAR. Indicators of solar radiation were determined according to the data of the meteorological station in Gigant. Results. As a result of the research, the indicators necessary for calculating the capacity utilization (CU, an analogue of Efficiency) of the PAR under the conditions of Rostov region were specified: the duration of the soybean vegetation and total solar radiation for this period, the core product yield and the by-products biomass, the ratio of soybean seed yield to by-products, energy value of the core product and by-products. It has been found that the level of seed yield of soybean varieties on average for three years of research varies within the range of 3.96–4.66 t/ha, the maximum indicator was obtained for the cultivar SK Riana. Conclusions. The studies allowed determining the total mass of soybean plants, including the core product: the seed yield of the studied soybean varieties is from 3.96 to 4.66 t/ha, and of the by-product is from 4.79 to 5.64 t/ha absolutely dry mass with a ratio of 1:1.21, the energy content of the core and by-products and calculating the utilization capacity of the total radiation Kfar. Calculations showed that the Kfar soybean utilization factors depend on the total solar radiation received and the mass of the substance synthesized by soybean plants and reach 1.43 and 1.48 % for the cultivars SK Optima and SK Veda, respectively (this characterizes the crops of these varieties as ordinary) and 1.61; 1.62 and 1.67 % for cultivars Selecta 201, Selecta 302 and SK Riana, respectively (this characterizes the crops of these varieties as good).

Purpose: to determine the features of the ecological requirements of cotton to growth conditions. Discussion. To expand the area of cotton growing in Russia, it is necessary to solve the problems of acclimatization and zoning of cotton, since this crop has its own specific agro-requirements for growth conditions. The main factors influencing the development and productivity of a crop are temperature, moisture, light, soil, nutrient regime, and terrain. It has been determined that the minimum soil temperature at which cotton seeds germinate is 10–12 °C, the optimum air temperature for plant development is approximately 25–30 °C, but not higher than 36 °C, since cotton is depressed. It is drought tolerant but requires irrigation to increase yield. Cotton needs evenly diffused sunlight. The light regime is regulated by the seeding rate, the seeding method and the direction of rows. The best soils are loamy; heavy clay soils are suitable, but costly to improve water-physical properties; soils with a close occurrence of groundwater are of little use. Saline soils are suitable for chloride-sulfate salinization with a salt content of no more than 0.4 %, and for sodium sulfate – no more than 0.8 %. The content of exchangeable sodium in soil should not exceed 5 % of the total soil absorption complex. To form 1 ton of raw cotton, 50–60 kg of nitrogen, 10–15 kg of phosphorus, 50–60 kg of potassium and 50 kg of calcium are required. The flat surface is the most favorable for cotton cultivation. Conclusions. Knowledge of the ecological requirements for cotton will make it possible to assess the feasibility of cultivating this crop in a particular area.

Purpose: to reveal the features of changes in the reclamative state and soil fertility of the lands in the southern Russia by regular irrigation and in the post-reclamation period. Discussion. The reasons for raising the water table (GWL) by regular irrigation are considered: the location of systems in the floodplains of rivers or on terraces I and II, the design of large irrigation plots with an area of about 1000 hectares on irrigation systems, the design and construction of canals and an irrigation network in an earthen channel etc. The main factors influencing the deterioration of the reclamative state and the soil fertility decrease of irrigated land (secondary salinization, alkalinization, waterlogging, overconsolidation, dehumification, etc.) are natural and technogenic factors. Natural ones are climate, geological structure, geomorphological conditions, relief, natural drainage of lands, geochemical and hy-drogeological conditions, types and properties of soils (filtration, etc.), their natural salinity and alkalinity, fertility, etc. Technogenic ones are the efficiency of irrigation systems and their water supply, irrigation methods and technique, irrigation regime, irrigation map planning, types and parameters of drainage systems, quality of surface and drainage waters used for irrigation, technical level of operation of irrigation and drainage systems. Conclusions. The decrease in water load in the post-reclamation period, in the presence of natural and artificial drainage contributed to a decrease of water table and partially secondary salinization, alkalinization, while the soils do not reach the background levels in general. During the reconstruction and construction of new irrigation systems, the complexity and sequence of the measures taken to prevent the increase in GWL, salinization and alkalinization of soils should be observed.

Purpose: to analyze the scientists’ studies on terms, methods and norms of irrigation of vineyards to identify the optimal conditions for irrigation in the Republic of Crimea. Discussion. An overview of research papers from domestic and foreign sources concerning various terms, methods and rates for irrigating vineyards is presented. It is almost impossible to obtain high yields of good quality when growing grapes in the zone of unstable moisture, but it is also not recommended to irrigate uncontrollably, since excessive humidity during critical periods leads to a decrease in the set of berries and to their cracking, which affects the quality of the harvest. The correct application of modes and methods of irrigation is one of the main tasks of viticulture. The options for using various terms, methods and irrigation rates for irrigating vineyards in order to obtain good quality grape products in the required quantity are discussed. Also here the optimal ways of irrigating vineyards under the conditions of the Republic of Crimea are presented. Conclusions. The analysis of various studies devoted to the study of terms, methods and rates of vineyard irrigation made it possible to establish the optimal irrigation regime for vineyards and to identify the most suitable irrigation method for vineyards. Based on the results of research conducted by scientists and taking into account the agro-climatic conditions of the Republic of Crimea, a drip method for irrigating vineyards while maintaining soil moisture not lower than 80 % of the lowest moisture capacity in a layer of 0.8 m is proposed.

The paper presents a study of various approaches to the classification of soil covers based on neural network algorithms using hyperspectral remote and proximal sensing of the Earth. The spectral distributions were recorded in the laboratory using an Offner imaging scanning hyperspectrometer. Spectral-spatial characteristics of nine soil samples from various parts of a farming land in the Samara region were experimentally studied. Using a method of energy dispersion microanalysis, the correspondence between the hyperspectral data and the chemical composition of the samples taken was established. Based on the data obtained, a neural network-aided classification of soil samples was implemented depending on the content of constituent elements such as carbon and calcium. A normalized spectral-spatial convolutional neural network was used as a classifier. As a result of the work, an approach to the classification of high-resolution hyper-spectral images based on the refinement of a multiclass convolutional neural network using an ensemble of binary classifiers is proposed. It is shown that the classification of soil samples by carbon and calcium content is carried out with an accuracy of 0.96.

Purpose: to determine the impact of phosphogypsum rates in combination with organic matter on the properties of integrated cover soils, their productivity, and also to substantiate the economic feasibility of their application for chemical reclamation during irrigation. Materials and methods. The studies were carried out in the Martynovsky district Rostov region for 4 years on the integrated cover soils according to the scheme of the experiment, including the application of phosphogypsum (Ph) and organic matter (OM) at certain rates. The studies were carried out according to generally accepted methods. Results. It has been stated that the phosphogypsum application at 10 t/ha rate contributed to the southern chernozem desalination up to 3 % sodium from the total soil-absorbing complex and an calcium and magnesium increase to the optimal parameters for this soil. On the solonetz, the content of exchangeable sodium decreased to 9–8 % in the variants with 10 t/ha Ph rate. In the variant with 5 t/ha Ph rate, the process of soil salinization proceeded somewhat more slowly, which is associated with an insufficient ameliorant rate for the solonetz. The accumulation of humus to the greatest extent was observed in the variant 10 t/ha Ph + 40 t/ha OM. After 4 years, it amounted to 0.24 % on the southern chernozem, and 0.19 % on the solonetz. Both soils included in the complex decompacted, and in the better option, the southern chernozem density was 1.17 t/m³, and on the solonetz – 1.20 t/m³. The soil properties improvement contributed to the increase in productivity. By the 4th year of the aftereffect of ameliorants, it increased by 73–85 % on the southern chernozem and by 69–79 % on solonetz compared with the control. The average productivity for 4 years of research on the southern chernozem ranged from 7.18 (5 t/ha Ph + 40 t/ha OM) to 8.03 t grain units/ha (10 t/ha Ph + 40 t/ha OM), and in the control 4.82 t grain units/ha. On the solonetz, respectively, it increased from 6.03 to 6.93 t grain units/ha, in the control – 4.30 t grain units/ha. Conclusions: the application of phosphogypsum with organic matter provides both reclamative and economic effect on solonetz integrated cover soils.

Purpose: to determine the productivity of agrocenosis when using various types of fertilizers by the example of growing summer planting potatoes under irrigation. Materials and methods. The studies were carried out in 2019–2021 in Oktyabrsky district Rostov region. The experimental scheme includes: option 1 – without the fertilizers application (control); option 2 – manure application; option 3 – manure and mineral fertilizers application; option 4 – green manure application; option 5 – green manure and mineral fertilizers application. Soil moisture in all variants of the experiment was maintained at a level of at least 80 % of the lowest soil moisture capacity. Reducing the chemical load is envisaged by the organic fertilizer application. Results. On average, over the years of research in the control variant, the yield of root crops was 35.3 t/ha. The organic fertilizers application made it possible to obtain an increase in yield in comparison with the control variant of more than 8 t/ha. The best indicators are the variants in which organic and mineral fertilizers were used together. So, in option 3, after the manure and mineral fertilizers application, the yield of potato tubers was 53.1 t/ha. In option 5, after plowing green manure and applying mineral fertilizers, taking into account the nutrients that have entered the soil, the yield was obtained in the amount of 52.3 t/ha. Conclusions. To achieve the highest yields of summer planting potatoes, it is necessary to build a nutrition system so that it includes both organic and mineral fertilizers. From an economic point of view, when growing summer planting potatoes, a decrease in the chemical load on agrocenosis and a transition from intensive farming to ecological farming take place. In the process of agribusiness transition to environmentally safe production of agricultural products, one should adhere to the technology of growing food staff based on the organic fertilizers application.

Purpose: to study and analyze resource-saving approaches to irrigation of tomatoes in open ground. Discussion. Tomatoes are one of the most commonly cultivated vegetable crops, as they have high nutritional, organoleptic and dietary properties, beneficial to human health. The problem of increasing tomato production can be solved by introducing scientifically based, experimentally tested cultivation technologies on reclaimed lands, one of the main elements of which is irrigation, which predetermined the relevance of research. Currently, sprinkling and drip irrigation, which have both advantages and disadvantages are used for irrigation of tomatoes. An analysis of features of tomato cultivation with different irrigation methods showed that their production in our country is cost-effective both with sprinkling and drip irrigation. However, the introduction of scientifically based drip irrigation regimes in tomato cultivation can increase significantly their productivity and the values of economic efficiency indicators with economical use of irrigation water. The most effective maintenance of pre-irrigation soil moisture on tomato crops is at the level of 80 % of the lowest moisture capacity. This drip irrigation rate of tomatoes in the open ground is considered optimal; with it the cost of irrigation water for the formation of a product unit is the smallest. Conclusions. The study of the differentiation of drip irrigation regimes of tomato by phases of growth and development of the crop showed that differentiated irrigation with drip irrigation systems in combination with the application of mineral and water-soluble fertilizers provide an increase in tomato yield in open ground, regardless of the region of their cultivation. A promising method for increasing the productivity of tomatoes and optimizing the cost of irrigation water during their cultivation are digital irrigation planning methods.

Purpose: to analyze the experience of domestic and foreign scientists in using various types of land reclamation to restore and increase the fertility of degraded soils under irrigation and rainfed conditions. Discussion. The overview of research papers, domestic and foreign literary sources, concerning the impact of various types of reclamation on the restoration of degraded soils is presented. The options for using various types of land reclamation, depending on the type and degree of soil degradation are considered. The timely application of various types of reclamation (hydro-reclamation, chemical, cultural, technical, agroforestry reclamation), separately and in a complex of measures, makes it possible to stop the degradation processes occurring in soil (salinization, oxidation, waterlogging, compaction, desertification, various types of erosion) and contributes to the restoration and increasing soil fertility. The use of various types of reclamation improved the agrophysical, water-physical and chemical properties of soils, increased the content of humus, contributed to the stimulation of accumulation of organic matter in soil, and increased the biometric indicators of cultivated crops, which was reflected in an increase of the given crops yield. Conclusions. The study of the results of domestic and foreign scientists work allows conclude that the preservation and restoration of soil fertility in agricultural areas used is impossible without the use of land reclamation. The use of hydrotechnical, biological, chemical, cultural, agrotechnical reclamation, both separately and in complex, makes it possible to increase the level of soil fertility prone to salinization, oxidation, waterlogging, compaction, desertification, and various types of erosion.

Purpose: to assess the ecological and reclamation state of an irrigated area on southern chernozems to restore its fertility. Materials and methods. The object of research is southern chernozems located in the dry steppe zone of Semikarakorsky district Rostov region, irrigated with II class water. To study the ecological and reclamation state of the irrigated area, soil samples, in which the water extract and the soil absorbing complex (SAC) compositions, the total humus, and the granulometric composition were determined, were taken. The soil bulk density was determined in the pits by the ring method according to Kachinsky. Results. It has been stated that southern chernozems, despite the presence of alkalinity in the parent rock (2.04–2.24 mmol(eq)/100 g), in general, up to 160 cm are mostly non-alkaline. Significant changes were noted in SAC, in which there was an accumulation of exchangeable sodium (up to 5–7 %) and magnesium (19–24 % of ∑ SAC) and a decrease in exchangeable calcium by 8 % compared to the natural one. These negative phenomena provoked a decrease in the humus content to 2.83 % (with the optimal parameter for this zone being 4 %) and soil compaction to 1.37 t/m³. Conclusions. The actual data on the ecological and reclamation state of the irrigated area indicated the variability of the main properties of the southern chernozem during prolonged irrigation with water of an unfavorable composition towards their deterioration in comparison with the criteria for a favorable ecological state of these soils. To improve the ecological and reclamation state of the surveyed irrigated area, measures are proposed depending on the indicators, such as the accumulation of organic matter, deep loosening, chemical reclamation, soil saturation with calcium, and groundwater diversion.

Purpose: selection of soybean varieties adapted to the soil and climatic conditions of Rostov region, taking into account the cultivation technology application on irrigated lands. Materials and methods. Three-year studies were conducted in Oktyabrsky district Rostov region on irrigated lands. Soils under soybean crops are meadow-chernozem heavy loamy. In the experiments, 24 soybean varieties of different ripeness groups were studied. The experiment was carried out in four repetitions with a randomized arrangement of plots. Observations of the soybeans growth and development, yield records, statistical processing of data were carried out according to generally accepted methods of field experiments. Results. The duration of vegetation of the studied soybean varieties ranged from 100 to 125 days. Observations of the growth and development of plants made it possible to determine that, depending on the variety, the height of soybean plants reached 82.9–133.0 cm in the bean-filling phase; during this period, the maximum values of the soybean leaf area duration vary from 38.68 to 84.32 thousand sq. m/ha, and the dry biomass of soybeans varied from 1.31 to 2.31 t/ha. The productivity indicators of the studied soybean varieties on irrigation have been determined. The soybean variety yield varied from 3.19 to 5.34 t/ha. The maximum value was recorded for the variety SK Elana, the minimum was for the variety Kazachka. An analysis of the qualitative composition of soybean grain made it possible to find that the protein content varied from 37.4 to 44.0 %, and the protein harvest was from 1.1 to 1.9 t/ha. The oil content varied from 17.8 to 22.9 % depending on the variety, and its harvest from 0.5 to 1.0 t/ha. Conclusions. Soybean cultivation on irrigated lands allows to obtain high productivity of a wide range of varieties. The maximum yield of soybean grain and protein harvest were obtained from the SK Elana variety – 5.34 t/ha and 1.9 t/ha, respectively. The maximum oil content in the grain was obtained from the Selecta 302 variety – 22.9 %, and its harvest from the SK Elana variety was 1.0 t/ha.

Purpose: to assess the possibility of growing crops on soils contaminated with heavy met-als. Discussion. The danger of pollutants accumulation in the “soil – plants” system is deter-mined. The ways of inactivation of heavy metals in soil by improving its properties and increasing its buffering capacity are considered. Agricultural crop cultivation is possible on soils contaminated with heavy metals after assessing their content on the plots. Lands are allowed for development with background levels of contamination with heavy metals and a neutral reaction of the soil medium, but with the use of proven fertilizer systems. On soils with the heavy metals presence within the limits of maximum permissible concentrations (MPC), complex measures should be carried out in accordance with soil properties, including chemical reclamation, the organic and mineral fertilizers application and crops accumulating little pollutants (legumes, cereals and industrial crops) should be included in crop rotations. Soils that contain heavy metals above the MPC and on which it is impossible to obtain good-quality products should be used for cultivating crops which can be used as raw materials for industry (flax, cotton, etc.). Conclusions: the analysis of scientific sources showed that it is possible to grow crops on soil contaminated with heavy metals, but the above mentioned provisions should be followed.

Purpose: to analyze the results of scientific research by scientists in the field of vineyard fertilization, aimed not only at increasing yields, but also at further increasing soil fertility. Discussion. The overview of research works, domestic and foreign literary sources related to the grape planting fertilization is presented. The impact of options of fertilizer application of various types, terms, methods, doses and rates of application, as well as growth stimulants, on the quality and quantity of grape products obtained, depending on the soil type is discussed. The application of various fertilizers and growth stimulants contributed to an increase in the yield of various grape varieties and increased the sugar content in grain berries. Conclusions. Analysis of the results of studies of fertilizer systems for grapes on different soils showed that the use of organic and mineral fertilizers contributes to an increase in yield by 33–127 %, depending on the variety, and the amount of sugar increased from 43 to 98 % compared to the control. The vineyard fertilization system should include a combination and distribution of certain norms of the main mineral fertilizer, manure and various nutrition over time. It should be noted that when high doses of mineral fertilizers are applied (above N120P120, and K90–140 depending on the type of soil), a decrease in grape yield is observed, regardless of the crop variety. The use of various microfertilizers has a positive effect on increasing the yield of grapes and improving the quality of grain berries. The use of growth regulators in vineyards contributes to an increase in yield, but does not affect the quality of grain berries.

The study aimed to determine the effect of the concentration of nutrients on field germination and yield of red beet during jet intra-soil irrigation of seeds when sowing. The studies were conducted in the Central irrigated zone of the Rostov region on meadow chernozem soils in 2016–2018. The generally accepted methods developed by B. A. Dospekhov, V. F. Moiseichenko, V. N. Pleshakov, M. K. Kayumov, and Federal State Budget Science Institution “Federal Williams Research Centre of Forage Production and Agroecology” were applied. During the research, we used the device, technology, and irrigation standards for this method of irrigation developed by employees of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Russian Research Institute of Land Reclamation Problems.” The studies showed that the most rational concentration of nutrients is 5%, where the highest rates of plant growth and development were obtained: field germination—86.6%, plant height—73.7 cm, leaf surface area—58.9 thousand square meters per hectare, yield—67,300 tons per hectare. The obtained results made it possible to establish the effect of the concentration of nutrients on the field germination and on the yield of beet during jet intra-soil irrigation of beet seeds when sowing.