This article examines the challenges of promoting human rights in Southeast Asia. It focuses on the limited effectiveness of the regional human rights regime, which is influenced by ASEAN leaders’ strong emphasis on state sovereignty and the uneven adoption of democratic governance among member states. The study aims is to identify the factors that hinder the promotion of human rights within ASEAN and to analyze the relationship between the levels of democracy and prioritization of human rights in the region. Using a qualitative research approach, the study analyzes the development of human rights cooperation in ASEAN through the lens of Regime Theory in International Relations. The findings indicate that the promotion of human rights in Southeast Asia is constrained by fragile political commitment among ASEAN leaders and by significant variations in democratic governance across member states. These differences shape national priorities and influence the extent to which human rights norms are internalized within the regional framework. The study concludes that the effectiveness of human rights promotion in ASEAN is closely linked to the level of democratic development among member states. The findings highlight important implications for regional policy-making and underscore the need to address the tension between sovereignty norms and human rights commitments in order to strengthen the institutionalization of the regional human rights regime.

The Malay-Patani ethnonationalism conflict in Southern Thailand reflects the complex dynamics between identity construction, violence, and the violation of International Humanitarian Law (IHL). The background to the conflict is rooted in the political, cultural, and religious marginalization of the Malay-Muslim community by a Thai state that emphasizes the homogeneity of the Thai-Buddhist national identity. The suppression of the Malay language, religious institutions, and collective historical memory led to armed resistance and escalation of violence in the region. This research aims to analyze in depth how the construction of the Malay-Patani identity contributes to violence and forms of violation of the basic principles of IHL, such as distinction, proportionality, and necessity. This study used a descriptive qualitative method with a case study approach. Data were obtained through literature studies, reports from international organizations (International Committee of the Red Cross, Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch), and critical discourse analysis of identity narratives and violence. The results show that the construction of identity suppressed by state policy results in the legitimization of violence by separatist groups, while the state also responds with repressive actions that violate international humanitarian norms. Both state and non-state actors have been involved in systematic violations of IHL, including attacks on civilians, torture, and the use of banned weapons.

This article critically examined Indonesia’s policies to mitigate and adapt to climate change within the global climate regime and local political dynamics. A qualitative method and a multilevel governance approach were utilized, emphasizing the dispersion of power both vertically among various levels of governance and horizontally among different quasi-governmental and non-governmental organizations and actors. The analysis unveiled that Indonesia’s climate change policies have involved supranational governance facilitated by global-level regimes and institutions. The government has played a strategic role in aligning itself with these global environmental regimes by implementing laws and policy measures to limit greenhouse gas emissions, control deforestation rates, and address forest degradation. Achieving these governance tasks involved active participation from local governments, municipalities, and non-state actors such as businesses and the community.

The return of the Taliban to power in Afghanistan in August 2021 marked a pivotal moment in global discourse, widely interpreted as a monumental victory for jihadist movements. This event was not a simple military takeover but the culmination of a flawed diplomatic initiative (the 2020 Doha Agreement) and a reflection of a broader U.S. grand strategy of retrenchment. In Indonesia, the principal locus of Jemaah Islamiyah activity, this event was expected to inspire renewed radical mobilization and violent escalation. However, this anticipated surge did not materialize. Instead, the post-2021 period has been characterized by ideological recalibration. This research contends that the reaction to the Taliban's return is best understood through the analytical lens of Social Movement Theory (SMT), situated within the context of a failed peace process. It argued that the Taliban's victory acted as a critical external shock that primarily functioned as ideological validation for the patient, long-term strategies of established groups like Al Jamaah Al Islamiyah (AJAI). The event simultaneously intensified the “framing contestation” with its pro-Islamic State (IS) rivals and, most critically, accelerated AJAI’s strategic evolution towards socio-political infiltration (tamkin siyasi). This has reshaped the primary radical threat in the region from overt attacks to strategic, long-term subversion, backed by AJAI's profound organizational resilience. The research analyzed these dynamics by examining shifts in political opportunities, resource mobilization, and framing processes, demonstrating how failures in global peacemaking can have complex and unforeseen consequences on regional extremist landscapes.

Freies Ermessen ini menimbulkan implikasi dalam bidang legislasi bagi pemerintah, yaitu lahirnya hak inisiatif untuk membuat peraturan perundang- undangan yang sederajat dengan undang-undang tanpa persetujuan DPR, hak delegasi untuk membuat peraturan yang derajatnya di bawah undang-undang, dan droit function atau kewenangan menafsirkan sendiri aturan-aturan yang masih bersifat enunsiatif. Freies Ermessen merupakan konsekuensi logis dari konsepsi welfare state, akan tetapi dalam kerangka negara hukum, freies Ermessen ini tidak dapat digunakan tanpa batas. Menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif. Dengan menerapkan fungsi-fungsi Hukum Administrasi Negara ini akan tercipta pemerintahan yang bersih, sesuai dengan prinsip-prinsip negara hukum yakni Good Governance. Pemerintah menjalankan aktifitas sesuai dengan ketentuan yang berlaku atau berdasarkan asas legalitas, dan ketika menggunakan freies Ermessen, pemerintah memperhatikan asas-asas umum yang berlaku sehingga dapat dipertanggungjawabkan secara moral dan hukum.

The potential of cow urine and rice husk waste in Bulu Ulaweng Village has not been fully realized due to a lack of knowledge and insufficient community outreach. Consequently, both the community and the Working Group IV (Pokja) of the Healthy Village in Bulu Ulaweng have struggled to harness this potential. This community service program aims to bridge this gap by converting cow urine and rice husk waste into organic compost fertilizer. This innovative product has not been introduced by agricultural extension workers or other initiatives in Bone Regency, highlighting the urgent need for this program. The program follows a three-stage community empowerment model: counseling, training, and mentoring. In the counseling stage, participants learn the benefits and methods of processing cow urine and rice husk waste. The training stage provides hands-on experience in creating organic compost fertilizer, ensuring practical skill acquisition. The mentoring stage supports the community in independently applying their new knowledge and skills, promoting long-term sustainability. The program has had highly positive outcomes. Partners now understand the benefits of processing these materials and have developed the skills to convert them into organic compost fertilizer. They have also successfully marketed their products online, achieving a productivity increase of up to 99%. Beyond economic benefits, this program contributes significantly to advancing Sustainable Development Goal No. 3, which focuses on creating healthy and prosperous communities. This initiative is expected to serve as a benchmark for other villages, encouraging effective local resource utilization.

The article explains the jurisdictional policy of the International Criminal Court (ICC) regarding Israeli war crimes targeting Palestinian civilians, during the attack on Gaza on October 7, 2023. The article shows that based on articles of the Rome Statute, Israel committed war crimes and crimes against humanity that occurred on October 7, 2023. therefore, the ICC has authority in this matter. ICC policy towards conflict 7 October 2023, ICC jurisdiction took action to continue the investigative process and will accelerate investigations related to the conflict, while Israel in 2024 and the latest update is not part of the non-member states of the ICC. However, given the jurisdiction of the ICC, it has jurisdiction regarding its investigations in countries that are not parties to the ICC. This is influenced by several factors in upholding the ICC's jurisdictional investigation law against Israeli criminals even though Israel is not an ICC member state: First, Palestine is a state party to the ICC which is supposed to provide justice for civil society. Second, there is pressure and encouragement from member countries and non-member countries of the ICC to carry out investigations regarding the conflict attack in October 2023.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan prinsip kesantunan berbahasa dalam transaksi jual beli di Pasar OPI Jakabaring, Palembang. Tempat pelaksanaan penelitian dipilih di pasar tersebut, dengan durasi penelitian selama dua bulan pada Mei hingga Juni 2023. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif, dengan data diperoleh dari rekaman ujaran lisan penjual dan pembeli saat transaksi berlangsung. Empat teknik penelitian digunakan, yaitu observasi, simak, rekam, dan catat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan lima prinsip kesantunan berbahasa yang dilakukan oleh pelaku transaksi. Pertama, maksim penerimaan dengan 4 tuturan dalam percakapan penjual pakaian dan 5 tuturan dalam percakapan penjual sayur. Kedua, maksim kemurahan atau pujian dengan 5 tuturan, termasuk 4 tuturan kemurahan dan 1 tuturan pujian. Ketiga, maksim kebijaksanaan dengan 7 tuturan dari percakapan penjual pakaian. Keempat, maksim kecocokan dengan 19 tuturan, melibatkan penjual ikan (5 tuturan), sayur (2 tuturan), pakaian (7 tuturan), dan perlengkapan bayi (5 tuturan). Terakhir, maksim kesimpatian dengan 2 tuturan. Penelitian ini memberikan gambaran mendalam tentang praktik kesantunan berbahasa dalam konteks transaksi jual beli di Pasar OPI Jakabaring.

BAPAS bertanggung jawab mulai dari pendampingan, pembimbingan dan pengawasan agar klien mampu mengembangkan potensinya untuk hidaup dan menghidupi keluarganya ditengah-tengah masyarakat. Sebagaimana disebutkan dalam Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 31 Tahun 1999 tentang Pembinaan dan Pembimbingan Warga Binaan Pemasyarakatan Pasal 56 ayat (1) penyelenggaraan pembimbingan kemasyarakatan penyelenggaraan pembimbingan kemasyarakatan meliputi pendampingan, pembimbingan, dan pengawasan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian berjenis empiris ini melihat bagaimana di BAPAS Kelas II Pamekasan melaksanakan manat Peraturn tersebut dan dihasilkan bahwa klien yang berada dibawah bimbingan dan pengawasan BAPAS ada dua macam, yaitu klien anak dan klien dewasa dimana dalam pasal 35 Peraturan Pemerintah No.31 Tahun 1999 Tentang Pembinaan Dan Pembimbingan Warga Binaan Pemasyarakatan memberikan arahan kepada BAPAS melaksanakan tugasnya melalui upaya Pembimbingan (konseling) untuk mencegah banyaknya residivis. Narapidana yang telah mendapatkan program integrasi dan statusnya berubah menjadi klien pemasyarakatan bimbingan BAPAS kemudian dilakukan penerimaan dan pendaftaran. Ketentuan mengenai pendaftaran klien pemasyarakatan dijelaskan dalam pasal 40 Undang- undang Nomor 12 Tahun 1995 tentang Pemasyarakatan

This study aims to analyze the modernization of Islamic education literature at state Islamic universities in North Sumatra, in relation to efforts to increase students’ Islamic knowledge. This research follows a qualitative method, with a case study approach. The results revealed that the use of literature in the lecture process in general does not fully use Islamic-based literature. This can be seen from the Islamic education sources included in the lecturer’s course plan. It is found that there are three main efforts to modernize Islamic literature in the Islamic Education Study Program of PTKIN North Sumatra, namely (1) regulation, (2) development and updating references, literature content, and Islamicizing literature, as well as increasing the ability of lecturers and students, (3) innovation or the use of technology. Opportunities for modernization in increasing the scientific treasures of PAI (Islamic Education) study program students can be seen from the motivation, competence, resources and cooperation established. But there are also obstacles, namely internal obstacles, related to the lack of competence, attitude and campus facilities. External obstacles are related to the influence of journal trends and the dominance of western science. This research has novelty in the form of recommendations for a list of Islamic education lectures that are relevant in the modern era, guidelines for writing teaching materials based on Islamic lectures, and initiation of the formation of Islamic lectures research centres in Islamic universities.

Perkembangan ekonomi kreatif (ekraf) di Indonesia mendorong kebutuhan informasi bagi para pelakunya. Perpustakaan umum, termasuk Dinas Perpustakaan Kota Medan(Disperpusar), memiliki peran penting dalam menyediakan akses informasi bagi pelaku ekonomi kreatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peran Disperpusar dalam menyediakan akses informasi bagi pelaku ekonomi kreatif. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, observasi, dan analisis dokumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Disperpusar telah menyediakan berbagai layanan untuk mendukung pelaku ekonomi kreatif, seperti koleksi buku dan bahan pustaka tentang ekonomi kreatif, layanan informasi digital, program inklusi sosial yang melibatkan masyarakat, ruang baca dan belajar serta layanan lainnya.

Focus of the study is Regional Midterm Development Planning in perspective of simultaneous Regional Head Election 2024 called Regional Development Planning (RDP). The study uses a phenomenological approach with qualitative design. The study result showed that implementation of RDP compaling is not appropriate to the process approach as well as substantive approach. Unappropriateness of the process approach consist of technocratic aspect, participatory, topdown and bottom-up, except political aspect. Unappropriateness of the substantive approach consist of holistic-tematic aspect, integrative, and spatial. Meanwhile, concept of indicator used as well as instrument used to measure target are not clear yet. Beside that, important assumption are not covered.

Banyaknya keputusan PTUN yang tidak dapat dilaksanakan justru menimbulkan pesimisme dan sikap apatis di masyarakat. Soalnya UU Nomor 5 Tahun 1986 tentang PTUN. Keadaan ini mengkhawatirkan karena keberadaan PTUN belum mampu memberikan keadilan bagi masyarakat dalam kewenangan administratif pemerintah. Prinsip keadilan TUN yang mempercayakan kontrol peradilan kepada penyelenggaraan pemerintahan yang baik terdistorsi dalam sistem ketatanegaraan Indonesia. Jika keputusan PTUN tidak mempunyai kekuasaan eksekutif, bagaimana hukum dan masyarakat bisa mengontrol tata kelola yang dilakukan pejabat TUN. Ketentuan yang terdapat dalam UU PTUN dinilai sudah dianggap tidak sesuai dengan perkembangan kebutuhan hukum dan kehidupan ketatanegaraan masyarakat. Misalnya, tidak ada pejabat peradilan di Pengadilan Tata Usaha Negara yang dapat memaksa terdakwa untuk menuruti putusan tersebut. Oleh karena itu UUdiubah dengan UU No. 9 Tahun 2004 tentang perubahan Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1986 tentang Peradilan Tata Usaha Negara. Pejabat TUN, apabila tidak menaati keputusan PTUN, dapat dikenakan tindakan paksa berupa kompensasi (dwangsom) dan sosial. Reintegrasi orang-orang yang tergabung tidak puas atas keputusan TUN pejabat TUN. Bahwa digunakannya tindakan paksaan dalam melaksanakan putusan TUN oleh pejabat TUN yang tidak mempunyai itikad baik untuk melaksanakan putusan TUN sangat mungkin diatur dalam UU No. 9 Tahun 2004 serta Undang-undang Administrasi Pemerintahan yang artinya (upaya paksa).

Jeruk siam komoditas hortikultura andalan di Desa Kuok Kecamatan Kuok Kabupaten Kampar yang sedang terkendala serangan hama dan penyakit. Pengendalian hama terpadu mengutamakan pengendalian ramah lingkungan menggunakan agens hayati. Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian adalah membantu menyelesaikan permasalahan petani jeruk siam yang terkendala serangan hama dan peningkatan keterampilan petani dalam menggunakan teknologi pengendalian yang ramah lingkungan. Metode pelaksanaannya berupa konsolidasi, survei, penyuluhan, demonstrasi, dan pendampingan. Metoda penyuluhan berupa penyajian di forum, tanya jawab. Praktek meliputi pembuatan media PDA, isolasi dan perbanyakan jamur Metharizium sp. dan Trichoderma sp., dan pembuatan kompos. Hasil menunjukkan kegiatan pengabdian memberi manfaat besar terhadap petani jeruk di Desa Kuok. Petani mengetahui cara pengendalian yang efektif hama tanamana jeruk. Praktek pengendalian ramah lingkungan meliputi pembuatan media PDA, isolasi, perbanyakan jamur Metharizium sp. dan Trichoderma spp, pembuatan metankos sangat direspon positif oleh petani.

This article compares the foreign policies of Indonesia and Malaysia towards Israel. Through the use of social constructivism, the study examines the extent to which the identity of the state plays a critical role in the foreign policy of both Muslim-majority countries. It argues that Malaysia's anti-Israeli policy and refusal to establish diplomatic relations with Israel is mainly due to its Muslim identity and pressure from Muslim constituencies. In the case of Indonesia, the main factors stem from its national identity, which is strongly anti-colonialist and anti-imperialist, as enshrined in its national constitution. Although Muslim identity is also important in Indonesia, it is not the primary determining factor in the country's foreign policy towards Israel.

The culinary business has been a promising business from the past until now, there are many kinds of businesses that are in demand, namely heavy food to light food. One of the promising businesses currently is the bakery and cake shop business. The large amount of sales competition makes the owner enthusiastic about competing to create delicious flavors and have characteristics that are different from other businesses. Mawar Bakery and Cake shop is a culinary business shop made from flour and has many branches in North Sumatra. The many delicious products created can attract the attention of customers, but every month the management must record the products that are sold a lot and the lack of interest. This is done to anticipate losses that occur every month. Therefore, the author created clustering data mining to group bakery and cake sales that were sold a lot and those that were not. The K-Medoids method is able to become an algorithm that is able to carry out the process of collecting data on Mawar bakery and cake sales because the algorithm is practical and efficient in grouping data. The results of data from sales that have been grouped can be concluded that cluster 2 is the best-selling because it gets the highest score

Various types of conflicts and violence that occur in Papua Land, Indonesia, have attracted a lot of attention from the international community to participate in providing assistance and creating stability in conflict areas. Unfortunately, intervention from outside is often considered to use military force and violate the concept of sovereignty of a country. This study uses qualitative descriptive methods to analyze the international community’s strategy in conducting humanitarian interventions in Papua Land, Indonesia, since the region experienced an escalation in 2008. The results show that while in conflict areas, INGO such as the ICRC, as one of the organizations that is neutral and has no internal interest, collaborates with local security forces, such as POLRI and TNI, as well as local NGO, such as PMI to carry out humanitarian interventions in the form of (1) distributing water, food, clothing, medical equipment, and medicines. (2) Carry out COVID-19 vaccination programs and cataract surgery. (3) Conducting seminars related to law enforcement based on international standards and norms. (4) Joining the “Nilai Kemanusiaan” program (humanitarian value program), (5) holding a special meeting to sign the MoU regarding the implementation of the “Humanitarian Pause”. Berbagai macam konflik dan kekerasan yang terjadi di Tanah Papua, Indonesia telah menarik banyak perhatian dari komunitas internasional untuk ikut serta dalam memberikan bantuan dan menciptakan stabilitas di wilayah konflik. Namun sayangnya, intervensi dari pihak luar seringkali dianggap menggunakan kekuatan militer dan melanggar konsep kedaulatan sebuah negara. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif untuk menganalisis strategi komunitas internasional dalam melakukan intervensi kemanusiaan di Tanah Papua, Indonesia sejak wilayah tersebut mengalami eskalasi pada tahun 2008. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa selama berada di wilayah konflik, INGO seperti ICRC sebagai salah satu organisasi yang bersikap netral dan tidak memiliki kepentingan internal melakukan kolaborasi dengan aparat keamanan setempat, seperti POLRI dan TNI serta NGO local, seperti PMI untuk melakukan intervensi kemanusiaan berupa: (1) mendistribusikan air bersih, makanan, pakaian, perlengakapan medis dan obat-obatan. (2) Melaksanakan program vaksinasi COVID-19 dan operasi katarak. (3) Mengadakan seminar terkait penegakan hukum berdasarkan standar dan norma internasional. (4) Bergabung dalam program “Nilai Kemanusiaan”, (5) bahkan komunitas internasional mengupayakan penandatangan MoU untuk melaksanakan “Humanitarian Pause”.

World agriculture confronts diverse challenges, including climate change, food security, soil degradation, water scarcity, biodiversity loss, and rural poverty. Addressing these interlinked issues necessitates a collaborative, multidisciplinary approach involving governments, farmers, scientists, civil society, and international organizations. Understanding the role of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) in Indonesia is pivotal. Analyzing the Twitter activities of FAO Indonesia (@FAOIndonesia) provides insights into their efforts related to Indonesian agriculture. This study employs qualitative content analysis, utilizing NVivo software to assess sentiment, dominant themes, and specific topics within @FAOIndonesia’s Twitter account. The findings reveal a prevalence of negative sentiment over positive sentiment in FAO Indonesia’s Twitter discourse. Furthermore, the dominance of “https” in word frequency indicates that FAO Indonesia primarily shares links to access detailed information on agriculture issues, rather than providing comprehensive information directly on Twitter. This research yields significant insights into agriculture issues in Indonesia, valuable for policymakers and international organizations operating in the country, highlighting the need for more direct communication and information dissemination to address the multifaceted challenges facing agriculture.

This research examines the influence of UNHCR as an international institution on Turkey in global refugee governance. The Syrian war was the cause of the large influx of refugees to Europe, Turkey, as a transit country, received many refugees who came before they were forwarded to third countries. Turkey has become the most significant country in responding refugee crisis, especially the Syrian refugee crisis. This study used a qualitative method of reading critically and then being analyzed for interpretation. The data was collected through library research. The author uses an international regime theory to explain the role of international institutions in influencing actors' behaviors. The results found that UNHCR, as an international institution, influences Turkey's behavior in dealing with refugee issues. UNHCR standards and refugee regulations affect Turkey to adjust and adopt policies in the field of education, temporary protection regulations, and policy standards for refugees with a certain sexual orientation. Even though UNHCR influences the Turkish government, referring to the theory as an international institution, UNHCR's role is not binding and intervening in Turkish policies. Hence, the policies adopted by the Turkish government are their own decisions because the policies also follow their goals. Keywords: International Institution, Policy Influence, Refugee, Turkey, UNHCR Penelitian ini mengkaji pengaruh UNHCR sebagai lembaga internasional terhadap Turki dalam tata kelola pengungsi global. Perang Suriah menjadi penyebab masuknya pengungsi dalam jumlah besar ke Eropa, Turki sebagai negara transit banyak menerima pengungsi yang datang sebelum diteruskan ke negara ketiga. Turki menjadi negara yang paling signifikan dalam merespon krisis pengungsi, khususnya krisis pengungsi Suriah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif membaca secara kritis kemudian dianalisis untuk interpretasi. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui studi kepustakaan. Penulis menggunakan teori rezim internasional untuk menjelaskan peran lembaga internasional dalam memengaruhi perilaku aktor. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa UNHCR sebagai lembaga internasional memengaruhi perilaku Turki dalam menangani isu pengungsi. Standar UNHCR dan peraturan pengungsi memengaruhi Turki untuk menyesuaikan dan mengadopsi kebijakan di bidang pendidikan, peraturan perlindungan sementara, dan standar kebijakan bagi pengungsi dengan orientasi seksual tertentu. Meskipun UNHCR memengaruhi Pemerintah Turki, mengacu pada teori sebagai lembaga internasional, peran UNHCR tidak mengikat dan mengintervensi kebijakan Turki. Oleh karena itu, kebijakan yang diambil oleh Pemerintah Turki adalah keputusan mereka sendiri karena kebijakan tersebut juga sesuai tujuan mereka. Kata-kata kunci: Institusi Internasional, Pengaruh Kebijakan, Pengungsi, Turki, UNHCR

Persebaran tutupan hutan alam Indonesia paling luas pada tahun 2021 berada di Provinsi Papua dan Papua Barat. Wilayah ini terkenal sebagai tempat tangkapan karbon di bagian Timur Indonesia, surga bagi keanekaragaman flora-fauna dan kaya akan kebudayaan local bagi masyarakat adat. Namun sejak beberapa tahun terakhir, keindahan hutan-hutan yang berdiri kokoh dan tanah masyarakat adat Papua telah beralih fungsi menjadi hutan industry demi keperluan ekspansi bisnis dan memenuhi permintaan pasar global. Akibatnya, beberapa tempat penting bersejarah rusak karena penggundulan dan penggusuran yang dilakukan oleh perusahaan-perusahaan asing yang datang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan bagaimana hutan industry mampu menjadi ancaman bagi keberlangsungan hutan hujan di Papua, Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan teori sekuritisasi sebagai kerangka berpikir untuk membantu menjawab pertanyaan dari penulisan ilmiah ini. Penelitian ini menggabungkan beberapa sumber literatur seperti artikel jurnal, situs web resmi dan laporan dari beberapa media online. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas hutan industri di sektor perkebunan kelapa sawit, industry kertas dan kayu menjadi faktor utama penyebab berkurangnya hutan alam atau deforestasi di Indonesia. Dalam sebuah laporan investigasi “Trashing the Last Rainforest” yang dilakukan oleh beberapa organisasi di Tanah Papua, disebutkan salah satu pelakunya adalah perusahaan kertas Moorim asal Korea Selatan yang telah meratakan hutan hujan alam untuk produksi serpihan kayu pembuatan kertas. Oleh karena itu, beberapa organisasi menyebutkan bahwa waktu terus berjalan untuk menyelamatkan iklim dan hutan di bumi, dimana banyak orang bergantung kepada keduanya.