The COVID-19 pandemic inflicted widespread and prolonged stress, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Similar events are likely in the future, and understanding moderators of the effects in LMICs may be helpful. An observational study of adults aged ≥18 years in Türkiye, Indonesia, Iraq, Malaysia, Pakistan, Somaliland, and Iran was conducted using an online survey between 2021 and 2023. Data were collected on sociodemographic and pandemic-related variables along with standardized measures of psychological distress (Kessler Psychological Distress Scale 10, K10; Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5, PCL5), wellbeing (World Health Organization-Five Well-Being Index, WHO-5), post-traumatic growth (Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, PTGI), and pandemic-related distress (COVID-19 Psychosocial Impacts Scale, CPIS). Modified Poisson multilevel mixed-effect models were used to explore associations. Cumulative distribution function plots were used to visually compare sites, followed by ANCOVA to assess statistical differences while controlling for covariates. Overall, 2,574 adults aged 18-73 years (M = 28.0 years, SD = 10.6) participated. They were predominantly female (64.6%), single (58.0%), and Muslim (92.2%), with 81.2% having at least a tertiary qualification. The CPIS score range was 5-144 (M = 47.7, SD = 24.0). Psychological outcomes revealed substantial distress on K10 (32.2%), PCL5 (37.8%), and WHO-5 (45.0%) measures. Being female, married, studying full-time, and unemployed were consistently linked to higher psychological distress. The PTGI scores ranged from 0-105 (M = 53.3, SD = 23.3), showing a wide spectrum of posttraumatic growth in responses to COVID-19. Country-wise comparisons indicated variations in distress, well-being, and post-traumatic growth in response to COVID-19. The variation in distress scores appeared to be influenced by individual (e.g., gender, marital status, education, employment) and contextual (e.g., lockdown) factors. These findings suggest that strategies aimed at mitigating long-term psychosocial impacts of pandemics in resource-constrained settings may have population-health beneficial. Registration details: The study is registered with the Clinical Trial Registry (NCT05052333).

Background:Despite rigorous tobacco control efforts over many years, smoking prevalence in Malaysia remains high. This study evaluates the effectiveness of a novel smartphone smoking cessation app, tailored to users' five-factor personality traits, in increasing quit rates. Methods:A double-blind, parallel, two-arm randomised controlled pilot trial compared a personalised smoking cessation app (intervention) with a basic app (control). The online study, conducted across Malaysia with a 90-day follow-up, enrolled 152 adult smokers (N = 152). Results:Most participants were male (88.5%; mean age, 38.5 years [SD = 11.75]). In complete-case analysis (N = 87), the GEMPAQ V2.0 intervention group (n = 44) showed higher app utilisation than controls (n = 43; mean 117.63 vs. 95.25 sessions; adjusted p = 0.007) and marginally higher 7-day point-prevalence abstinence rates at 30 days (49.0% vs. 9.4%; aOR 1.02, 95% CI 1.00-1.05, p = 0.087), 60 days (65.2% vs. 16.3%; aOR 1.02, 95% CI 1.00-1.05, p = 0.100), and 90 days (59.1% vs. 25.6%; aOR 1.02, 95% CI 1.00-1.05, p = 0.088). mHealth app usability scores also favoured intervention in the "Ease of Use" dimension (p = 0.036) and "Interface and Satisfaction" dimension (p = 0.037). The conscientiousness trait showed the strongest significant correlations with GEMPAQ V2.0. Conclusion:Personalised GEMPAQ V2.0 users appeared to demonstrate promising indicators of utilisation, including the number of apps assessed and usability over time, and reported encouraging quit rates, particularly among smokers with a dominant conscientiousness personality trait.

INTRODUCTION:Misperceptions about nicotine product harms may influence product use and switching behaviors. METHODS:Data were from the 2020 International Tobacco Control (ITC) Malaysia Survey, a nationally representative survey of 1047 adults aged ≥ 18 who smoked cigarettes at least monthly and had smoked ≥ 100 cigarettes (n = 1047). Respondents reported awareness of HTPs and ECs and perceived harmfulness relative to cigarettes. For regression analyses, perceived harmfulness vs cigarettes were categorized as less harmful, equally/more harmful, or don't know; for HTP-EC comparisons, categories were HTP more harmful, equally/EC more harmful, or don't know. RESULTS:Overall, 53.4% respondents had heard of HTPs, with lower awareness among women, ethnic minorities, and those with lower educational attainment. Among those aware of HTPs, 39.7% perceived HTPs as less harmful and 38.9% as equally harmful as cigarettes. Ethnic minority respondents were more likely to perceive HTPs as equally/more harmful than cigarettes or to report don't know, while those with secondary or lower education had lower odds of reporting don't know. Among adults aware of ECs, 46.4% perceived ECs as less harmful than cigarettes, while 29.7% and 14.1% perceived them as equally or more harmful. Respondent aged ≥ 40 had higher odds of perceiving ECs as equally/more harmful than cigarettes or reporting don't know. When comparing HTPs and ECs directly, 49.5% perceived them as equally harmful and 25.3% perceived HTPs as more harmful than ECs, while respondents aged ≥ 40 were more likely to report don't know. CONCLUSION:Perceptions of harm varied across products and sociodemographic groups, indicating gaps in understanding nicotine product harms.

This study uses the Health Belief Model (HBM) as a tool to answer two research questions: 1) Are there differences in HBM perceptions based on the gender of Malaysian adult e-cigarette users? ; 2) Do gender norms influence e-cigarette use in Malaysia? A survey of 280 Malaysian adult e-cigarette users was conducted. Overall, gender did not have a statistically significant effect on 14 of the HBM perception statements analysed. The chi-square test showed that gender had a significant influence on two of the perception statements, while the ordered logit regression analysis revealed statistically significant differences in three of the perception statements. The implication of these findings on future public health policy aiming to reduce smoking prevalence in Malaysia must take into account the narrowing gender gap in relation to the use of e-cigarettes and the rising popularity of these nicotine delivery devices, particularly among youth.

Tobacco control is significantly influenced by smoking cessation interventions led by health care providers. However, the experiences of these providers in counseling are not sufficiently explored. This qualitative study, embedded within an Smoking Cessation Organizing, Planning & Execution (SCOPE) training effectiveness evaluation, delves into the barriers and facilitators encountered in addressing tobacco use at health clinics. We conducted Focus Group Discussions with 38 health care providers, including doctors, pharmacists, nurses, and medical assistants, across six locations. The transcripts were inductively coded to develop themes. Identified challenges encompassed time constraints, lack of cessation skills, patient default rates, and resource inadequacy. On the contrary, strong rapport, patient readiness to quit, service promotion, and dedicated clinics emerged as facilitators. The study emphasizes that health care providers face barriers at multiple levels-provider, patient, and organizational. Capitalizing on the identified facilitators could improve smoking cessation intervention efforts. The improvement of quit-smoking clinics necessitates strategic inputs from a diverse range of stakeholders.

Journal Article Accepted manuscript Tobacco Cessation Research in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A commentary on Challenges, Innovations and Opportunities Get access Omara Dogar, PhD, Omara Dogar, PhD Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, EnglandUsher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland Corresponding author's email address and telephone number: [email protected], Tel: +44 1904 32 1541 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7122-8403 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Amer Siddiq Amer Nordin, PhD, Amer Siddiq Amer Nordin, PhD Universiti Malaya Centre of Addiction Sciences, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaDepartment of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Joaquin Barnoya, MD, MPH, Joaquin Barnoya, MD, MPH Ministry of Public Health and Social Assistance, Guatemala, GuatemalaColorado School of Public Health, Aurora (CO), USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Olalekan Ayo-Yusuf, PhD, Olalekan Ayo-Yusuf, PhD Africa Centre for Tobacco Industry Monitoring and Policy Research, School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Chris Bullen, PhD Chris Bullen, PhD Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Waipapa Taumata Rau The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nicotine & Tobacco Research, ntaf019, https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntaf019 Published: 22 January 2025 Article history Received: 20 August 2024 Published: 22 January 2025

Smoking is common in Saudi Arabia, particularly among men. Religion plays a protective role against smoking and serves as a motivator for quitting. Faith-based interventions have shown positive effects in supporting smoking cessation among Muslims who smoke, but few studies have tested their acceptability when delivered via mobile phone messaging. The aim of this pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) was to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of an Islamic-based smoking cessation intervention delivered via WhatsApp messaging in Saudi Arabia. This study was a two-arm RCT involving adult Muslim smokers who used cigarettes, waterpipe, or both, with participants randomized in a 1:1 ratio to either the intervention or control group. The intervention messages were co-designed with religious leaders and informed by formative research with Muslim current and former smokers. The intervention group received both religious and smoking-related health messages, while the control group received smoking-related health messages only. The intervention lasted for 21 days, during which participants received two messages per day, one in the morning and one in the evening. The primary outcomes were the feasibility and acceptability of the intervention. A total of 34 participants were recruited, Two-thirds of whom remained in the study for the full study period. Both groups received 44 messages over 21 days. Message engagement was high, with most participants reading the daily messages (88.2% in the intervention group and 82.4% in the control group). The intervention was acceptable and helpful in supporting smoking reduction or cessation. Abstinence from all tobacco products was 20.6%, with a slightly higher rate in the intervention group (23.5%) than in the control group (17.6%). Cigarette abstinence was 35.3% in the intervention group and 23.5% in the control group, while waterpipe abstinence was much higher but equal in both groups (76.5%). Among those who continued smoking, modest reductions in cigarette and waterpipe consumption were reported in both groups. This Islamic faith-based intervention, delivered via WhatsApp messaging, was feasible and highly acceptable, showing promising effects on smoking cessation and reduction. However, these findings require verification in a larger, fully powered effectiveness trial. Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry Trial Registration No. ACTRN12625001413415 https://anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=390880&showOriginal=true&isReview=true

Smoke-free laws (SFL) are more effective with public support. This study investigated the smoking prevalence, public perceptions of smoking rules, and support for comprehensive SFL among 1047 people who smoke (PWS) and 206 people who do not smoke (PNS) aged ≥18 in the 2020 International Tobacco Control Malaysia Survey. Smoking prevalence was highest in nighttime entertainment venues (85.7%), non-air-conditioned eateries (49.7%), and indoor workplaces (34.6%). Respondents reported that smoking was banned in most indoor workplaces (81.7% PNS, 69.2% PWS), air-conditioned eateries (84.7% PNS, 75.7% PWS), and non-air-conditioned eateries (81.2% PNS, 78.7% PWS), but much less so in nighttime entertainment venues (30.1% PNS, 24.6% PWS). Support for comprehensive SFL in public venues was highest among PNS (≥84.9%) but still substantial among PWS (≥49.9%). PWS under 40, Malay, married, and aware of smoking rules supported SFL more. Robust SFL enforcement is essential in Malaysia to reduce secondhand smoke exposure in public places.

IntroductionThe global market of flavour capsule cigarettes (FCCs) has grown significantly over the past decade; however, prevalence data exist for only a few countries. This study examined prevalence and perceptions of FCCs among adults who smoke across five countries.MethodsCross-sectional data among adults who smoked cigarettes came from the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Project Surveys—Brazil (2016/2017), Japan (2021), Republic of Korea (2021), Malaysia (2020) and Mexico (2021). FCCs use was measured based on reporting one’s usual/current brand or favourite variety has flavour capsule(s). Perceptions of the harmfulness of one’s usual brand versus other brands were compared between those who used capsules versus no capsules. Adjusted logistic regression models examined correlates of FCC use.ResultsThere were substantial differences in the prevalence of FCC use among adults who smoke across the five countries: Mexico (50.3% in 2021), Republic of Korea (31.8% in 2021), Malaysia (26.5% in 2020), Japan (21.6% in 2021) and Brazil (6.7% in 2016/2017). Correlates of FCC use varied across countries. Capsule use was positively associated with being female in Japan and Mexico, younger age in Japan, Republic of Korea and Malaysia, high education in Brazil, Japan and Mexico, non-daily smoking in Republic of Korea, and having plans to quit in Japan and Republic of Korea. There was no consistent pattern of consumer perceptions of brand harmfulness.ConclusionOur study documented the high prevalence of FCCs in some countries, pointing to the need to develop and implement regulatory strategies to control these attractive products.

Introduction: There have been rapid expansions in heated tobacco products (HTPs) outside of Japan and the Republic of Korea. In November 2018, HTPs were first introduced in Malaysia and since then, no studies have been conducted on Malaysians' use of HTPs. This study is the first to examine the prevalence of HTP use and reasons for use among Malaysian adults who smoked cigarettes. Methods: Data came from the 2020 ITC Malaysia Survey, a web-based survey of a nationally representative sample of adults who smoked (n=1047) aged 18 and older. They were asked on ever heard of, ever used, and currently using HTPs, and their reasons for using HTPs. Results: Overall, 25.4% (n= 324; 95% CI:22.3%-28.7%) of Malaysians who smoked reported ever used HTPs with 6.7% (n=85; 95% CI:22.3%-28.7%) were using them daily and 8.1% (n=110; 95% CI:6.4% -10.2%) were using HTPs non-daily. Most of them (57.2%) who dual use were of aged 25-39 and 97.3% were males. Among those who smoked daily, almost half (49.3%) were also using HTP daily. Among those who used HTPs daily and non-daily, curiosity (84.2%, 95% CI:78.4%-90.0%), taste (83.2%, 95% CI:77.3%-89.1%), and appealing technology (78.5%, 95% CI:71.3%-85.6%) were the most reported reasons. Among those who used HTPs daily, curiosity was the top reason (87.9%, 95% CI:78.9%-93.4%), while among non-daily, taste good was the top reason (81.9%, 95% CI:71.9%-88.8%). Conclusions: The very high use of HTPs among Malaysians who smoked requires continued public health surveillance that can inform the regulation of these novel tobacco products.

Background: During the last two years, the pandemic has taken a toll on education. However, E learning tools and other innovative computer software technologies are being widely adopted to deliver educational elements of different courses to students who are placed in far off areas from the university campus. However, Teaching is demanding and complex task and the key limitations in total e-learning format included limited interactions with peer and teachers, communication problems, and insufficient sense of bonding between the teacher and student. To address these issues concept of “blended learning” was adopted. Blended learning escalates the chances of student engagement, enhance critical-thinking development and improve learning processes in the presence of a valued teacher. However, whenever innovative techniques are introduced, it becomes essential to ensure that there is no impact on instructional integrity. Thus, the response of students who are amongst the main stakeholders is absolutely vital to confirm an effective implementation of any teaching and learning approach. Objective: This study provides help to the faculty who newly incorporate BLA (blended learning approach), also it provides guidance for educators and curriculum planners to effectively plan their modules while incorporating a BL approach in medical education. Study Design: Qualitative study (Phenomenology). Settings: Three universities, Riphah International University Islamabad, University of Lahore, Lahore and Khyber Medical University, Peshawar in Pakistan. Duration: Six months from February to August 2017 Methods: Sampling was done by purposive (homogenous) sampling. Study population included MHPE students from three different universities of Pakistan. Population size was 10 MHPE students who completed their course work, and data was collected through one on one semi structured interviews. All interviews were audio recorded, transcribed and analyzed manually as well as by importing in NVivo software version 11. Results: By a thematic analysis a total of six major areas were identified that influences the student learning in blended programs. Out of these the major influencing factor came out to be the role of teachers’ both in online and face to face sessions. This blended course design helped them to become more self-regulated, self-directed, lifelong and active learners, and they were also able to transfer these learning skills to their students as well. Conclusion: Students hold a positive perception of the BLA being offered in this MHPE program. Research findings suggests that a BL course design can be successfully used in postgraduate education as well as undergraduate studies it helped to impart new learning approaches in them. The main factors which were appreciated in these courses were flexible or hybrid course design, role of a teacher as facilitators who reinforced learning strategies towards learners’ professional needs.

Introduction: The implementation of smoke-free regulations is an effort to create a clean and healthy environment in the Blitar District, Indonesia. The main purpose of this research is to analyze public opinion on the smoke-free regulations drafting in the Blitar District. Methods: To analyze public opinion about the smoke-free regulations, we used a cross-sectional design with a RAPID survey conducted in 2015. The research involved distributing questionnaires to 1,008 respondents, with the sample size proportionally divided across 22 districts. For the implementation of the regulation, we conducted observational research over four years. The effort to draft the smoke-free regulations continued until 2019, and the implementation of the regulations is ongoing until 2023. Results and Discussion: Results showed that 94.5% supported the regulations. The RAPID survey results provided evidence for drafting the smoke-free regulations. This evidence was used to advocate for stakeholder support in drafting and implementing the regulations in the Blitar District. Although the smoke-free regulations were released in 2019, their implementation has been very challenging and requiring significant effort. Conclusion: A RAPID survey showed that almost all people in Blitar support the drafting and implementation of the smoke-free regulations. The implementation requires significant effort to ensure it proceeds smoothly and needs support from all stakeholders in the Blitar District.

INTRODUCTION:Tobacco epidemic is a global public health concern, killing more than 8 million people annually. Individual therapy is the standard of care of behavioral intervention for smoking cessation in Malaysia and group-based therapy for smoking cessation is an alternative to behavioral intervention commonly used in the western population effectively. The study explored the feasibility and efficacy of group-based therapy for smoking cessation for smokers who want to quit smoking at a quit smoking clinic and community centers in an urban setting in Malaysia.METHODS:A total of 40 participants who were active smokers and fulfilled the criteria were recruited for the study at the quit smoking clinic. Participants were given behavioral support based on the GBT-M module and individually for 7 weeks with both groups receiving behavioral intervention plus pharmacotherapy.RESULTS:The median age of participants was 48 years for individual therapy and 45 years for group therapy. Group-based therapy was comparable to individual therapy in smoking abstinence outcome at 4 weeks post quit date (35% vs 30%).CONCLUSIONS:Group-based therapy was equally effective compared to individual therapy, similar to the western population. Using a group format should allow more people to be treated by a therapist, and therefore could be more cost-effective. Group-based therapy is an option to be included as part of the smoking cessation program in Malaysia.

This study examined quitting behavior and use of cessation aids (CAs) among Malaysian adult smokers aged ≥18 years (n = 1,047). Data were from the 2020 International Tobacco Control (ITC) Malaysia Survey were analyzed. A total of 79.9% of Malaysian smokers attempted to quit in the past 12 months and 85.2% intended to quit in the next 6 months. The most common CAs were e-cigarettes (ECs) (61.4%), medication/nicotine replacement therapies (NRTs; 51.0%), and printed materials (36.7%); the least common CA was infoline/quitline services (8.1%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the association between sociodemographic variables and CAs use. Male smokers were more likely to use infoline/quitline services (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 3.27; P = .034). Malay smokers were more likely to use infoline/quitline services (aOR = 3.36; P = .002), ECs (aOR = 1.90; P = .004), printed materials (aOR = 1.79; P = .009), and in-person services (aOR = 1.75; P = .043). Most Malaysian smokers wanted to quit smoking. Furthermore, ECs were the most popular CAs, highlighting the need to assess the effectiveness of ECs for quitting smoking in Malaysia.

Collaborative partnership or engagement between university and community are essential and have become a widespread practice adopted by many universities worldwide. While university-community-engagement projects which are undertaken in a variety of ways of multidiscipline are growing rapidly, questions about its impact on communities remain largely ignored. Little empirical evidence is available exploring the impact of such partnerships for either the community partners or the university. This study presents a case study of the Universiti Malaya’s experience of evaluating the impact of such engagements through several funded community projects. These university-community engagement funding are disbursed and managed by UM’s Community Engagement Centre (UMCares). The result chain model was applied to collect data on the input, activities, output, outcomes and impact of the funded projects. Differences in nine impact areas and indicators were also identified. The results show that the funding projects are able to create an impact in different areas of community engagement. However, the development and maintenance of a dedicated database, in combination with periodic, systematic impact assessments is crucial to increase impact in community engagement.

INTRODUCTION:The COVID-19 pandemic exposed people to significant and prolonged stress. The psychosocial impacts of the pandemic have been well recognised and reported in high-income countries (HICs) but it is important to understand the unique challenges posed by COVID-19 in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) where limited international comparisons have been undertaken. This protocol was therefore devised to study the psychosocial impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic in seven LMICs using scales that had been designed for or translated for this purpose. METHODS AND ANALYSIS:This cross-sectional study uses an online survey to administer a novel COVID Psychosocial Impacts Scale (CPIS) alongside established measures of psychological distress, post-traumatic stress, well-being and post-traumatic growth in the appropriate language. Participants will include adults aged 18 years and above, recruited from Indonesia, Iraq, Iran, Malaysia, Pakistan, Somalia and Turkey, with a pragmatic target sample size of 500 in each country.Data will be analysed descriptively on sociodemographic and study variables. In addition, CPIS will be analysed psychometrically (for reliability and validity) to assess the suitability of use in a given context. Finally, within-subjects and between-subjects analyses will be carried out using multi-level mixed-effect models to examine associations between key sociodemographic and study variables. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION:Ethical approval was granted by the Human Ethics Committee, University of Otago, New Zealand (Ref. No. 21/102). In addition, international collaborators obtained local authorisation or ethical approval in their respective host universities before data collection commenced.Participants will give informed consent before taking part. Data will be collected and stored securely on the University of Otago, New Zealand Qualtrics platform using an auto-generated non-identifiable letter-number string. Data will be available on reasonable request. Findings will be disseminated by publications in scientific journals and/or conference presentations. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER:NCT05052333.

Abstract Background The severity and complexity of autoimmune disorders is dependent on the genetic capability of individuals. Genetic studies have revealed association between polymorphisms of Vitamin D Receptor gene and individuals’ predisposition to autoimmune diseases. Therefore, this study aimed to develop relationship between vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and hypothyroidism. Materials and Methods A total of 144 individuals were studies, including 72 patients presenting with symptoms of Hashimoto’s disease. The amplicon sequencing was performed on samples bearing M13 tail tags. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS software to establish correlations of genotypes and alleles among control and diseased individuals. Results The mean concentrations of vitamin D were observed to be critically low in patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Of the four SNPs studied, only rs7975232 was found to be significantly related with disease progression. Other three rs1544410, rs731236 and rs2228570 did not show significant correlation in the individuals studied. Conclusion Altered VDR expressions because of various VDR polymorphisms have been shown to exhibit differently among various races and ethnic groups. Furthermore, these VDR polymorphisms also vary among populations in different environmental and genetic predispositions. This study suggests the homozygous CC genotype at rs7975232 to be more as a risk factor for development of Hashimoto’s disease in the population studied.

Background and objectives: Hashimoto's thyroiditis is an important autoimmune thyroid condition. It is characterized by lymphocytic congestion of the thyroid gland followed by progressive deterioration and fibrous substitution of the thyroid in the parenchymal structure. This study has provided insight into the variations of blood pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in patients with Hashimoto's disease and the key role of vitamin D levels among selected patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 144 participants including healthy controls and patients were studied in the current study in which 118 were female and 26 were male. The thyroid profile was evaluated in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and healthy controls. Results: The mean ± SD Free T4 in the patients was recorded as 14.0 ± 4.9 pg/mL, and TSH was 7.6 ± 2.5 IU/L, whereas the median ± IQR thyroglobulin antibodies (anti-TG) were 285 ± 142. Thyroid peroxidase antibodies (anti-TPO) were 160 ± 63.5, whereas in the healthy controls, the mean ± SD Free T4 was recorded as 17.2 ± 2.1 pg/mL, and TSH was 2.1 ± 1.4 IU/L, whereas the median ± IQR anti-TGs were 56.30 ± 46.06, and anti-TPO was 5.6 ± 5.12. The assessment of pro-inflammatory cytokines (pg/mL) and total Vitamin D levels (nmol/L) in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis was recorded with values IL-1B 6.2 ± 0.8, IL-6 9.4 ± 0.4, IL-8 7.5 ± 0.5, IL-10 4.3 ± 0.1, IL-12 3.8 ± 0.5, TNF-α 7.6 ± 1.1, and total vitamin D 21.89 ± 3.5, whereas in healthy controls the mean ± SD IL-1B was 0.6 ± 0.1, IL-6 2.6 ± 0.5, IL-8 3.0 ± 1.2, IL-10 3.3 ± 1.3, IL-12 3.4 ± 0.4, TNF-α 1.4 ± 0.3 and total vitamin D was 42.26 ± 5.5. Conclusions: It was found that individuals with Hashimoto's thyroiditis had raised serum levels of IL-1B, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, and TNF-α as compared to the healthy controls, whereas the total vitamin D levels were remarkably low as compared to health controls. Serum TSH, anti-TG, and anti-TPO levels were typically lower in controls and much higher in individuals with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. The current study's findings might aid in future studies and in the diagnosis and management of autoimmune thyroid disease.