In 2017, Hurricane Irma on the island of Saint Martin caused extensive damage, leaving residents vulnerable to losses and facing the challenges of reconstruction. Scientific literature highlights the mental health effects affecting young people, particularly those most vulnerable psychologically and at the and socio-economic status. Although the psychological effects of natural disasters are widely documented, no study has focused on the psychological consequences of this disaster in the specific social and cultural context of Saint Martin. One year after the hurricane, we conducted an action research project to study the psychological consequences of this event among children and adolescents on the island. The current study is a first exploratory and descriptive study of the drawings of children who were victims of Hurricane Irma. It aims to highlight the concerns and emotional expressions of children and adolescents, expressed in drawings, through an analysis of emerging themes. The study was conducted among 50 participants aged 5 to 16 years who experienced Hurricane IRMA, divided into two groups in two different socio-economic backgrounds: an “advantaged” group (N = 33 participants, N = 15 girls, N = 18 boys, M = 9.06 years old, SD = 2.12) and a “disadvantaged” group (N = 17 participants, N = 10 girls, N = 7 boys, M = 10.67 years old, SD = 3.0). For both groups, a drawing workshop was proposed with a sketchbook titled “Talk About Yourself “. This drawing mediation tool asked to freely draw a story with beginning (T1), a middle (T2) and end (T3) without direct instructions linked to the natural disaster. The themes of the drawings were identified in a double-blind and team-based manner, with qualitative and then statistical analysis. a significant spontaneous presence of houses, as well as frequent references to the Irma were observed. A significant increase was observed in colors and movement scenes (T2). Significant differences between the two groups were also identified, particularly more houses and more damaged houses drawings in the disadvantaged group (T2). The drawings of the disadvantaged group show a significantly higher number of explicit references to Hurricane, reconstruction scenarios, as well as the presence of human figures and houses. The drawings of the disadvantaged group show that they express elements of their experience of the hurricane and that they were more directly impacted, both materially and emotionally, than the children in the advantaged group. The discussion highlights (1) the importance of rebuilding the internal habitat and the concrete environment after the disaster, (2) the need for storytelling and temporal continuity and (3) the inequalities in the face of traumatic events, linked to social conditions and their effects on mental health. Methodological limitations are discussed. The most vulnerable and precarious children and adolescents were the most emotionally negatively impacted by the hurricane. On the other hand, they mobilized more resources to face and overcome the traumatic event. This study highlights the need to consider the multiplicity of vulnerabilities (psychological, social, economic) in disaster management and prevention.

Gender-based violence in the public space poses a major societal challenge, yet little is known about its impact and the ways in which women resist it. In this study, semistructured interviews were conducted with ten French women aged between 26 and 52, to explore their experiences and coping strategies in the face of such violence. Through thematic analysis method, the results show that such violence affects the women's mental health, resulting in reactions and behaviours that can be likened to traumatic manifestations. Experiences of oppression, histories of victimization, institutional and social violence combine with gender-based violence in the public space to amplify its impact. Women have external resources at their disposal, such as social support and victim services, as well as internal resources such as intellectualization, communication skills and confidence in their ability to defend themselves. They succeed in reducing the risks and consequences associated with these, but also in boosting their sense of efficacy and engaging in personal growth projects. They build a social network, elaborate and transmit their experiences through activism. The reappropriation of public space is enabled by a sense of belonging to a community. Clinical, societal and research implications are discussed. (c) 2025 Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.

On June 27, 2023, Nahel Merzouk, a young man of Arab descent, was shot dead by French police for refusing to comply during a police check in the Parisian suburb of Nanterre. Following Nahel's death, riots broke out in Nanterre and several other French cities, causing extensive material damage in almost 400 municipalities, injuring many people, and sowing confusion among the civilian population and the political class. Some politicians pointed at parents' failure to educate their children and instil in them a peaceful rapport with the Republic. Other political leaders and a portion of the population, including people referred to as racialised, pointed to the ongoing experience of racial discrimination and microaggressions, and the failure of the Republic to make them part of a common project. This misunderstanding has been exacerbated by the unconditional support given to the police by political leaders, even though it has been shown that it is an institution where interpersonal, institutional, and systemic racism is deeply rooted. 1 Souid S Omerta dans la police: abus de pouvoir, homophobie, racisme, sexisme. Le Cherche Midi, Paris, France2010 Google Scholar The fundraising of over €1 000 000 in support of the police officer who killed Nahel has only aggravated the feeling of incomprehension and injustice among people referred to as racialised who, in addition to experiencing daily racial discrimination and xenophobia, often live in social and economic precariousness. 1 Souid S Omerta dans la police: abus de pouvoir, homophobie, racisme, sexisme. Le Cherche Midi, Paris, France2010 Google Scholar Nahel's death generated debate on racism within French institutions; however, mental health seems absent from this discussion, particularly that of those who are victims of racial discrimination on the part of the police, institutional and systemic racism, and racial disparities in education, the child protection system, health, employment, and housing. 2 Beaman J Fredette J The U.S./France contrast frame and Black Lives Matter in France. Perspect Politics. 2022; 20: 1346-1361 Crossref Scopus (6) Google Scholar

Objective. - The exile is particularly traumatic for adolescents who, in the host country, live the post -migration experience in uncertainty. In order to enhance the continuous sense of being and the imaginary of a group of young unaccompanied minors, and to promote the narrative of their exile, we have set up a group mediated by comics. We strive to understand how and by which processes a comic mediation group could enable the support of the continuous sense of being as well as the imagination in a group of unaccompanied minors. Method. - Six (n = 6) adolescents aged 15 to 17 were invited to design a group comic strip. Participants were invited to create a comic in group. The study was divided in three specific times: (1) the first was to invent a story, (2) the second was to do a storyboard and (3) the third and last one consisted in the creation of a comic. The group proceeded in X session and each session ended with a speaking time. We chose to create a comic as a medium because of its formal qualities: the specificity and complexity of its codes seemed appropriate to work on the time and space. Therefore, the breaks and discontinuities as essential parts of the comic structure allowed the participants to work out their temporal and special experiences of exile. As working in group enables to enhance the creative processes, we have designed and set up a comic mediation group. Results. - We observed that the creation of the comic facilitates the updating of break and loss experiences, because of its formal structure. This sometimes made the group envelope porous and fragile, and damaged the group associative chain. The mediation group allowed participants to express and transform their primary affects through images and words, which led them to go from a fixed time to a historicized time. The comic became an object that represents the individual psychic reality work, the group work but also refers to the common societal reality that concerns those adolescents. Through the comic, they question the adults, the institutions and the environments that are supposed to protect them. The structure of the comic and the group setting helped participants to restore a sense of security. Moreover, the secure and containing space created by the setting allowed the group to enhance its imagination. Discussion. - The setting permitted participants to be in an active position, which supported them in the process of identity reconstruction. They used comics to transform and make sense of a painful part of their story in order to appropriate it. It is necessary to keep doing research on this subject to improve the support given for this young people. Moreover, it is essential to offer them places where they can be accompanied in the crossing of their exile experience. (c) 2020 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Notre recherche porte sur le récit post-migratoire des mineurs non accompagnés (MNA) comme alternative au passage à l’acte et sur la manière dont il rend compte du parcours migratoire, des tentatives d’élaboration de vécus traumatiques, et de réappropriation subjective. Hypothèses : Pour ces jeunes, le passage à l’acte aurait une fonction de contenance et de défense contre les affects dépressifs. La création serait une tentative de symbolisation autour d’une aire potentielle d’expérience. Résultats : Les trajectoires individuelles des jeunes montrent une difficulté à exprimer la souffrance qu’ils ont accumulé durant le parcours migratoire.

Context: Child sexual abuse (CSA) is an important public health problem associated with an array of negative consequences. Although prevalence rates are well established from North America, few studies have focused on the extent of CSA and associated outcomes in youth from France. Objectives: This study aimed to: 1) estimate the prevalence of CSA, 2) assess the associations between CSA and health outcomes while exploring possible gender specificities and 3) document the contribution of revictimization on symptom complexity. Method: The sample involved 2309 participants aged between 14 and 23 years old (M = 19.55). Measures assessing CSA, other forms of child maltreatment and mental health problems were administered. Sexual revictimization and a host of protective factors (resilience, coping strategies, parental support) were also assessed. Results: CSA was reported by 13.1% of girls and 4.2% of boys. Regression analyses revealed that CSA was associated with all mental health outcomes except alcohol and drug use (other than cannabis) after controlling for sociodemographics and other forms of child maltreatment. Sexual revictimization was associated with symptom complexity. Emotion-centered and avoidance coping predicted symptom complexity while resilience and paternal support acted as protective factors. Limitations: The study relied on a cross-sectional design with a convenience sample, which limits the generalizability of results. The small number of boys reporting CSA precludes drawing firm conclusions as to the gender specificities in the outcomes associated with CSA. Conclusions: Findings underscore the relevance of developing efficient prevention programs as CSA is linked to a host of negative outcomes.

Les adolescents en difficultés scolaires et sociales éprouvent souvent une blessure identitaire due notamment à la stigmatisation et l’exclusion, qui les mettent dans des « cases ». Face à cette attaque de leur identité dans la Cité, ils construisent ce que nous proposons d’appeler la « citoyenneté interne » comme processus alternatif à la blessure identitaire subie et répétée. La citoyenneté interne consiste en l’appropriation de soi mais aussi de son contexte social et symbolique, pour cheminer différemment à travers une position de sujet-citoyen capable d’étayer les processus de subjectivation et de construction identitaire à l’adolescence. C’est par la citoyenneté interne que les adolescents arrivent à s’inscrire progressivement dans leur environnement et à trouver un sens à leurs difficultés et leurs ressources créatrices, au croisement de la subjectivation, du lien social et culturel, et de la contingence citoyenne. Il s’agit ainsi d’une inscription interne, d’un ancrage symbolique, à la fois singulier et collectif, spécifique et anonyme, au sens d’être un parmi les autres et relié avec les autres, en interaction et en transformation dans la même Cité.

Los adolescentes con dificultades escolares y sociales experimentan a menudo una herida identitaria debida, en particular, a la estigmatizacion y la exclusion, que los «encasilla». Ante este ataque a su identidad en la ciudad, construyen lo que proponemos llamar «ciudadania interna» como proceso alternativo a la herida identitaria que han sufrido de forma repetida. La ciudadania interna consiste en la apropiacion de uno mismo, pero tambien de su contexto social y simbolico, para transitar de manera diferente por una posicion de sujeto-ciudadano capaz de apuntalar los procesos de subjetivacion y construccion de la identidad durante la adolescencia. A traves de la ciudadania interna, los adolescentes son capaces de integrarse paulatinamente en su entorno y de encontrar sentido a sus dificultades y recursos creativos, en la encrucijada de la subjetivacion, los vinculos sociales y culturales y la contingencia civica. Se trata, pues, de una inscripcion interna, de un anclaje simbolico, a la vez singular y colectivo, especifico y anonimo, en el sentido de ser uno entre los demas y estar conectado con ellos, interactuando y transformandose en la misma ciudad.

Cette étude porte sur la prévention de la violence intersubjective en milieu scolaire. Elle interroge l’évolution de l’empathie, de l’alexithymie et de l’estime de soi chez les enfants, à la suite d’un dispositif basé sur le jeu théâtral. Une recherche-action a été réalisée dans une école primaire dans les Bouches du Rhône. Le Jeu des Trois Figures (J3F) (Tisseron, 2012), qui vise la mise au travail de l’empathie, a été réalisé auprès de n = 45 élèves de CM1 et CM2, pendant une année scolaire. Un recueil de données avant (T1) et après (T2) le dispositif a été fait auprès des mêmes enfants, ainsi que d’un groupe témoin (n = 60). L’estime de soi, l’alexithymie et l’empathie, ont été mesurées par les échelles ETES (Bardou et al., 2012), TAS-20 (Loas, 1995) et CEC (Favre et al., 2009). Les résultats montrent que les écarts qui existaient entre les 2 écoles dans les scores d’alexithymie et d’empathie au T1, ne sont plus observés au T2. Les analyses par le Paired sample test et l’ANOVA montrent qu’entre le T1 et le T2 l’empathie évolue seulement pour les enfants de l’école ayant bénéficié du dispositif. L’effet du dispositif sur le score d’empathie chez les enfants d’âge scolaire est confirmé. Il doit aussi prendre en compte les facteurs environnementaux et singulier, car l’empathie se développe dans la rencontre avec un contexte et se module en fonction des apprentissages et des expériences collectives et singulières. L’étude corrobore la pertinence des dispositifs de recherche-action et la nécessité de leur évaluation. This research-action focuses on the prevention of interpersonal violence in primary schools through a work on emotions and situations of otherness with children and educational teams. In a context of school climate marked by violence, the study particularly questions the possible evolution of empathy, alexithymia and self-esteem in children following a research-action device based on the theatrical game. The research-action methodology was carried out in a primary school in the department of Bouches-du-Rhône in France with an intervention and a research component. The device of the “Game of Three Figures” (Jeu des Trois Figures) (Tisseron, 2012), which aims to develop empathy, was conducted with n = 45 students of CM1 and CM2 classes during a school year. Data collection was performed prior to (T1) and after (T2) using the device from the same children as well as from a control group (n = 60). Self-esteem, alexithymia and empathy were measured respectively by means of the ETES scales (Bardou et al., 2012), TAS-20 (Loas, 1995) and CEC (Favre et al., 2009). The results show that the differences that existed between the two groups in the scores of alexithymia and empathy in T1 no longer observed in T2. Between T1 and T2, the fall in alexithymia scores occurred only in control school children. There were no significant differences between T1 and T2 in the self-esteem scores. The statistical analyses by means of Paired sample test and the ANOVA analyses show that between T1 and T2 the evolution of the Empathy takes place only for the children of the school having benefited from the device thus supporting the hypothesis of an effect of the device on empathy. This study shows an effect of the J3F device on the development of empathy in children in primary school. This effect is to be qualified by both the environmental (neighborhood, social context, school climate) and singular (normal variations in development, singularity of each child) factors. This is because empathy develops in the encounter with an environmental context and is modulated according to collective and singular learning and experiences, especially those relating to disagreements and otherness. Our study corroborates the relevance of research action and interventional research devices that should be used more often in educational, clinical and social work and be more highlighted through quantitative and qualitative evaluation.

Abstract After the 2010 earthquake in Haiti, despite economic and relational precariousness, research noticed resilience among street children. This study assesses determinants of resilience among street children 4 years after the earthquake. One hundred twenty-eight street children aged 7–18 completed measures assessing life events, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), resilience, social support (SS), and depression. Data was analyzed by SPSS version 22. Results showed that resilience score was high, especially for those who faced economic issues. For those who faced intrafamilial and relational violence, resilience was less relevant. Resilience score increased with age and was correlated with satisfying SS. Traumatic events after the earthquake, depression, and SS satisfaction are the best predictors of resilience.

Not for the first time in recent history, the people of Haiti have been obliged to fall back on their resilience strategies in the aftermath of Hurricane Matthew. Following the powerful earthquake that struck the country on 12 January 2010, the entire population had to find the resources to survive in the face of extensive material damage and loss of life: over 222 000 dead, more than 300 000 injured and between 4000 and 7000 amputees (UNDP, 2010).

Introduction. - This article aims to investigate the link between psychological violence in the couple, the different components of intimacy and alexithymia. Psychological violence is expressed by control behavior from one member of the couple. The intimacy in the couple can take several forms: emotional, social, recreational and sexual. Method. - The method was based on a set of questionnaires: personnal assessment of intimacy in relationships (PAIR), Revised conflict tactics scales 2 (CTS2), Toronto Alexithymia Scale 20 (TAS-20), distributed on Internet. n = 719 women aged between 18 and 25 years old responded to this questionnaire. The data were processed with the SPSS, including descriptive statistical analyzes then Bravais-Pearson correlation and linear regression analysis. Results. - Statistic analysis shows that emotional intimacy has an influence on the psychological violence emitted and received by young women. Low emotional intimacy is linked to an increase in the number of violent behaviors of the subject and the partner. On the other hand, the influence of alexithymia on psychological violence is not high enough to be considered. Discussion. - The significance of the low influence of alexithymia is explained by the size of the sample, which makes it possible to detect small size effects. Psychological violence in these couples can be considered as a way of communication in conflicts, in relationships where emotional sharing is weak. (C) 2018 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Cet article étudie des trajectoires individuelles et des processus psychiques suite à une période de harcèlement, en s’intéressant au devenir adulte des victimes de harcèlement scolaire à l’adolescence, période de construction identitaire et du processus de subjectivation. Si la littérature scientifique apporte un éclairage des processus de harcèlement et de ses conséquences sur les enfants et les adolescents, la question des effets à long terme est peu abordée. À travers deux illustrations cliniques, nous mettons en évidence les processus post-traumatiques et post-victimisation à l’œuvre dans des modalités de réorganisation psychopathologique et/ou de reconstruction et d’élaboration résiliente. L’analyse des données montre des effets à long terme du harcèlement important, comme les vécus dépressifs, la dépendance, l’isolement et la destructivité. Les effets du harcèlement se construisent dans l’après-coup sur un fond de fragilités familiales et individuelles et dans une recherche de sens. Par ailleurs, notre étude a permis de mettre en évidence les mouvements de reconstruction, qui passent par la répétition/transformation, par la créativité et par les possibilités d’étayages externes ouvrant sur une résilience potentielle.

IntroductionIn recent years, the integration of resilience in several psychological and medical studies underscores a need for resilience assessment measures with robust psychometric properties. This study aimed to evaluate the underlying structure of the French version of the Resilience Scale (RS-14), a widely used measure to assess resilience both in general and clinical population.MethodA sample of 2195 college students from France (18.68% of male; Mean age=20.09 years old (±1.21) completed the RS-14, the Child and Youth Resilience Measure, the Social Support Questionnaire and the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale. EFA with parallel analysis was conducted to assess the factorial structure of the RS-14 while CFA was performed to investigate the goodness-of-fit. Internal consistency, concurrent and convergent validity were evaluated.ResultsA one-dimensional-factorial-solution emerged from the EFA, its goodness-of-fit was adequate and it presented good internal consistency. As expected, the RS-14 score correlated positively to the CYRM and SSQ scores and negatively to the psychological distress score, supporting the validity of the scale.ConclusionThe one-dimensional-factor corroborates the initial and many languages versions of the RS-14. The results showed that the French version of the RS-14 presents adequate psychometric properties and that is a reliable and valid scale in evaluating resilience.

This article studies individual trajectories and psychological processes following a period of harassment, focusing on the adult development of victims of school bullying in adolescence, the period of identity construction and of subjectivation. Research provides data about harassment and its consequences for children and adolescents. However, there is no data or discussion about long-term effects. Through two clinical illustrations, the authors highlight the post-traumatic and post-victimization processes in modalities of psychopathological reorganization and/or reconstruction and potential resilience. Results show long-term significant effects of harassment, such as depressive experiences, dependency, isolation, and destructiveness. The effects of harassment are constructed in the aftermath against a background of family and individual frailties. Moreover, our study highlights the reconstruction movements, which go through repetition/transformation processes, by way of creativity and through the possibilities of external supports, paving the way towards potential resilience.