Introduction: Hyperuricemia is a common biochemical abnormality associated with several pathologies such as chronic kidney disease, arterial hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases. The aim of our study was to determine the prevalence of hyperuricemia among hospitalized patients at Aristide Le Dantec Hospital. Methodology: This was a retrospective study covering the period from January 4, 2021, to January 4, 2022, focusing on serum samples from hospitalized patients sent to the biochemistry laboratory of Aristide Le Dantec University Hospital for blood uric acid measurement. Uric acid assay was performed on the ARCHITECT ci4100 analyzer (Abbott). Data were collected from the registry of results for hospitalized patients and processed using Microsoft Excel 2013. Results: Our study included 444 patients aged from 10 days to 88 years, with a mean age of 42 years and a male-to-female sex ratio of 1.27. The prevalence of hyperuricemia in our population was 61.03%, with a higher frequency among patients aged 61 to 80 years (37.63%). 53.03% of hyperuricemia cases originated from the cardiology department, followed by pediatric oncology (26.20%). The prevalence of hyperuricemia in cardiovascular diseases was 68.45%, 57.04% in cancer patients, 86.7% in renal diseases, and 75% in patients with pre-eclampsia. Conclusion: At the end of our study, we observed a high prevalence of hyperuricemia, more frequent in cardiovascular pathologies, followed by cancers and renal diseases.

Introduction: Cancers are ranked among diseases with increasing prevalence and which treatment is based on cytotoxic products. The elimination of these products can be stopped by the deficiency of an enzyme which plays an important role in metabolism (DPD). This phenomenon can be the trigger of side effects. It is within this context that we decided to assay parameters (uracil, dihydrouracil) that allow us to evaluate the activity of DPD. Methods: The study was carried out in patients with cancer. All clinical signs after chemotherapy were recorded. A blood sample was taken from these patients on EFTA tube and centrifuged at 4000 revolutions per minute for 8 minutes. Uracil (U) and Dihydrouracil (UH2) parameters were determined using the HPLC method after extraction. Results: In our study population, we identified 29 patients who had not yet started chemotherapy whereas 74 had already started. Of those who started chemotherapy, 92% had side effects and only 8% were found without symptoms. In patients with U < 16 ng/ml, 45 had side effects while 20 did not. Patients with UH2/U >13; 25 had adverse effects while 12 did not. Regarding DPD status among patients without DPD deficiency, 22 had adverse effects (21.4%) and 12 did not (11.7%). Conclusion: The association between uracil concentrations and side effects showed that uracil levels above 150 ng/ml were consistently related to serious side effects, such as vomiting, diarrhea and general fatigue.

Introduction: Cancers are a real public health problem. Their prevalence varies greatly among the world population and many therapeutic strategies, such as chemotherapy, have been put in place and most chemotherapy protocols are based on products containing fluoropyrimidines. However, the use of the suggested products can cause side effects in patients who are deficient in dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase enzyme, which plays an important role in the metabolism of fluoropyrimidine products. Our study was conducted in this context to determine the activity of this enzyme in a population with cancer. Methods: This is a prospective study whose sample collection took place during the months of July and August 2021. The study involved 103 cancer patients were selected following a questionnaire and a consultation of the chemotherapy protocol. Blood samples were taken on EDTA tubes and uracil (U) and dihydrouracil (UH2) were measured using HPLC. Results: In our study population, the mean age is 49.77 years ±2.46 years. And women were the most affected, representing 83% of patients and a sex ratio of 0.19. 47% of women had breast cancer, 25% had cervical cancer, 6% had ovarian cancer, 3% had rectal cancer, and 1% had other types of cancers such as vulvar, bladder, stomach, pelvic colon, chest, throat, and cheek/eye and cavirum. For the UH2/U ratio, the mean value was 12.6 ± 0.48 with a standard deviation of 4.91 ± 0.95. DPD activity was normal in 33% of our patients, while 66.9% had a partial deficit and 0.1% had a total deficit. The 40 to 50 years and 50 to 60 age groups had high deficiency in this enzyme (21.3% and 20.3% respectively), with a total deficiency observed specifically in the 40 to 50 age group. Conclusion: The results of our study highlighted the importance of screening for DPD deficiency prior to fluoropyrimidine administration. Screening makes it possible to identify patients at risk and to adapt chemotherapy doses, accordingly, thus reducing the incidence of severe and potentially fatal toxicities.

Introduction : In December 2019, an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. It quickly spread to other parts of the world. Advances in the field of pathophysiology have shown that co-expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE 2) receptors and TMPRSS proteases are required for virus entry into the host cell. Direct renal involvement of the virus was therefore strongly suspected due to the high concentration of these receptors at the renal level, particularly at the level of the proximal tubule. Materials and Method : This was a prospective, descriptive and analytical study of patients infected with SARS-CoV2. For each patient, blood samples were taken on a heparin tube or dry tube for the determination of parameters (albumin, creatinine, urea, Na+ K+) with the Abbott ARCHITECT ci4100. Results : Our study population consisted of 153 subjects with covid-19. The mean age was 55±19 years (15 and 93 years). The most representative age group was patients over 60 years of age (52.3%). Male sex accounted for 53.8% of the study population. 45.1% of patients had a severe form with 16.3% of deaths during hospitalization. The association of renal biomarkers with disease severity showed that the risk of severe disease was higher in patients with hypoalbuminemia (OR=5.3 ; p=0.001), hyperuraemia (OR=4.1; p=0.001), hypercreatinine (OR=3.6; p=0.001), hyponatremia (OR=2.8; p=0.008) and hyperkalemia (OR=2.7; p=0.003). Conclusion: Disruptions of renal biomarkers during SARS-Cov2 infection increase the risk of severity and mortality. Our study suggests that clinicians should pay close attention to kidney biomarkers in hospitalized patients with COVID-19.

1. Describing the genetic structure and diversity of invasive insect pest populations is essential to better understand a species' invasion history and success throughout its distribution range. Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae) is a destructive pest of tomato and many other solanaceous crops, with very high economic impacts. Its invasion threatens food security in a large part of the globe, in areas such as sub-Saharan Africa where the agricultural resilience has already been weakened by rapid human-induced changes due in particular to population growth, increased trade and global change. 2. This work aimed to investigate the diversity and genetic structure of 60 populations of T. absoluta using microsatellite markers, with a particular focus on sub-Saharan Africa. 3. Our results revealed distinct differentiation and diversity patterns between T. absoluta native versus invaded areas, and high genetic homogeneity among the African populations sampled. However, for the first time, two weakly differentiated but distinct genetic clusters in Africa were identified. 4. The results suggest few introduction events of the species in Africa or multiple introductions from genetically close areas, significant gene flow between outbreaks and seem to indicate the existence of two distinct clusters in Africa. This new data enable us to formulate hypotheses on the species' invasion patterns and the dynamics of its invasive populations. 5. These hypotheses must be verified with more extensive sampling over the whole range of T. absoluta, especially in its presumed native area.

Aims: Zinc is an important element for the body because of the role it plays in the structure but also in the catalytic activity of several metabolic enzymes. The aim of this study is to evaluate the zinc status in malnourished children and its association with lipid profile parameters. Study Design: This is a cross-sectional and prospective analytical study. Place and Duration of Study: This is a fifteen-month study, conducted at the Diamniadio Children's Hospital. Children under five years of age, malnourished according to the weight/height ratio were selected after parental. Methodology: The study population comprised 176 children with a sex ratio of 1, of whom 49% with severe acute malnutrition, 41% moderately malnourished and 10% undernourished. Zinc was determined using Biosystem's® 5 Br PAPS colorimetric method. To compare the groups, we used the Chi-squared test (X2) or the Fisher's exact test. For the comparison of quantitative variables between the targeted groups, we used the ANOVA test. Zinc, total cholesterol (TC), HDL cholesterol (HDLc) and LDL cholesterol (LDLc) were significantly lower in the malnourished. Hypozincemia was found in 66% of children. TC, HDLc and triglycerides (TG) are significantly lower in malnourished patients with hypozincemia with a mean average of 2.99 ± 1.31 mmol/L (p< 0.001), 0.56 ± 0.36 mmol/L (p=0.007) and 1.73 ± 0.85 mmol/L (p=0.004), respectively. There is a positive correlation between zinc and the various lipid profile parameters. TC (r=0.314; < 0.001), HDLc (r=0.326; p< 0.001), LDLc (r=0.200; p=0.008) and TG (r= 0.229; p=0.002). Conclusion: The management of hypozincemia is essential within the follow-up of malnourished children. Zinc supplementation can prevent dyslipidemia, which is secondary to malnutrition and serve as a preventive measure against dyslipidemia in malnourished children.

Introduction. - Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) is a sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy. This rare condition is a benign disease of unknown etiology. Bilateral orbital localization of RDD is rare. Observation. - The authors report the case of a 6-year-old child who presented with bilateral orbital-palpebral masses associated with chronic cervical lymphadenopathy. There were no laboratory signs of inflammation. Serological and tuberculosis screening tests were negative. Histopathological examination of a lymph node biopsy established a diagnosis of Rosai-Dorfman disease. The patient underwent surgical excision of the orbital lesions followed by long-term corticosteroid therapy. A favorable course was observed, with no sign of recurrence after one year of follow-up. Conclusion. - Rosai-Dorfman disease is very rare in its bilateral orbital presentation. Histopathological diagnosis remains challenging. In Africa, the presence of chronic oculo-palpebral tumor associated with or without cervical lymphadenopathy must raise the suspicion of RosaiDorfman disease after ruling out tuberculosis and lymphoma. (c) 2024 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

The Triglyceride-Glucose (TyG) index is a marker used to assess insulin resistance which is associated with the occurrence of gestational diabetes. The aim of this study is to determine the benefit of the TyG within the diagnosis of insulin resistance in pregnant women in an orally induced hyperglycaemia test. This study was conducted at the Department of Biochemistry, at Aristide le Dantec University Hospital in collaboration with the department of gynaecology. Women with fasting blood glucose < 0.92 g/L at 12 weeks of age benefited from the OGTT 75 test following the WHO protocol. The TyG index was calculated using the formula: Ln [fasting triglyceridemia (mg/dL) × fasting blood glucose (mg/dL)]/2. Data were analysed using SPSS v.26 and a p< value of 0.05 was considered statistically significant. A total of 102 patients were included in the study with a mean age of 29± to 5.9 years. The OGTT 75 test was positive in 24 women (23.5%) with a predominance in the third trimester (19.4%). TyG values were significantly higher in women with gestational diabetes (8.76, ±0.5vs8.2±, 0.5; p<0.0001), in contrast to the HOMA index (6.43, ±16.8, ±1.15±, 0.9; p=0.138). The AUC of the ROC curve for the TyG-H0, TyG-H1 and TyG-H2 indices were 0.808 (95% CI)=0.70-0.92), 0.808 (95% CI)=0.698-0.918), 0.818 (95% CI)=0.70-0.93, respectively. For the HOMA-IR index, the AUC was 0.799 (95% CI = 0.69-0.91). The cut-off value for the TyG-H1 index was 9.5 with a sensitivity and specificity of 79.2% and 71.8%, respectively. The TyG index is a better way to assess the level of insulin resistance in pregnant women than using the HOMA index, especially after the first hour of a glucose load of 75g.

Introduction La maladie de Rosai-Dorfman (MRD) est une histiocytose sinusale avec lymphadénopathie massive. Cette maladie bénigne, d’étiologie inconnue, est rare. Sa localisation orbitaire bilatérale est exceptionnelle. Observation Les auteurs rapportent le cas d’un enfant âgé de 6ans qui a présenté des masses orbito-palpébrales bilatérales associées à des adénopathies cervicales chroniques. Il n’existait pas de syndrome inflammatoire biologique. Les bilans sérologiques et tuberculeux étaient négatifs. L’analyse histopathologique d’une biopsie ganglionnaire concluait à une maladie de Rosai-Dorfman. Il a bénéficié d’une exérèse chirurgicale des lésions orbitaires suivie d’une corticothérapie au long cours. L’évolution était favorable sans signe de récidive après un an de suivi. Conclusion La maladie de Rosai-Dorfman est très rare dans sa forme orbitaire bilatérale. Le diagnostic anatomopathologique reste difficile. En Afrique, la présence de masses oculo-palpébrales chroniques associée ou non à des adénopathies cervicales, doit faire penser, après la tuberculose et les lymphomes, à une maladie de Rosai-Dorfman.

The objective of this study is to estimate the prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia in a population of type 2 diabetics and to study the relationship between serum homocysteine ??levels and sociodemographic, clinical and biological characteristics in this population. This is a cross-sectional study involving 100 type 2 diabetic patients. Each patient underwent a routine biological assessment and a total homocysteinemia measurement. The overall prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia is 27% (95% confidence interval : 18.6 to 36.8). The mean serum homocysteine ??value is 10.7±3.7 μmol/l and it is higher in men (11.5 ± 3.7 μmol/l) than in women (10.4 ± 3.7 μmol/l) with a non-significant difference (p=0.901). We found a positive significant correlation between homocysteinemia and creatinine (p = 0.03) and a negative significant correlation between homocysteinemia and serum HDL cholesterolemia (p=0.01). Mean serum homocysteine ??levels is significantly higher in hypertensive diabetics subjects than in non-hypertensive patients (p=0.006). The prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia is relatively high in type 2 diabetics. This marker should be determined as part of the biological monitoring of these patients. Key words: Hyperhomocysteinemia, risk factor, type 2 diabetes, Senegal.

Oxidative stress appears very early in the history of type 2 diabetes complications. It is associated to glucose oxidation but also to lipid peroxidation. This stress can be accentuated by a decrease in the antioxidant capacities in diabetics, especially if there are other comorbidities. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant capacity of Senegalese type 2 diabetics and to identify the associated risk factors. We conducted a prospective study in 40 persons with type 2 diabetes. Factors related to age, sex, BMI, and BP were determined. For biological parameters, we measured blood glucose at empty stomach, glycated haemoglobin, total cholesterol, HDL, triglycerides and LDL, urea and creatinine, uric acid, albumin, total bilirubin, copper, and zinc. The mean age of the population was 58±11.24 years with a predominance of subjects aged over 60 (52.5%). The sex ratio was 1.11 with 52.5% male. Antioxidant capital was reduced in 60% of patients, with a predominance of women (35%). This reduction was marked by hypoalbuminemia (32.5%), hypozincemia (22.5) and an increase in the Cu/Zn ratio (30%). A strong correlation was found between the Cu/Zn ratio and total cholesterol (r=0.911; p<0.0001) as well as LDL (r=1; p=0.0001). Dyslipidaemia was found to be the most associated comorbidity with decreased oxidative capacity with an RR of 1.4 (CI=0.79-2.35) for total hypercholesterolemia and an RR of 1.6 (CI=0.75-3.71) for hypertriglyceridemia. The antioxidant capital is reduced in type 2 diabetics, especially in dyslipidaemia conditions. Hygienic dietary measures and supplementation with trace elements such as zinc should prevent the complications of oxidative stress in diabetics.

Photovoltaic (PV) modules suffer from a variety of degradation that reduces their long-term performance and reliability. Ten polycrystalline silicon PV modules are exposed to Cologne climate. After 14 years exposure, the defects that occur at PV modules are explored by visual inspection, electroluminescence and infrared thermography. Electroluminescence (EL) characterization techniques have been exploited for the quantification of microcrack, corrosion, breakages, delamination and dark areas, while infrared (IR) has been implemented for the investigation of dark areas, hot spots and electrical losses in the PV modules. The electrical performance of the tested modules is also investigated in order to find a correlation with the visual defects.

Hemoglobin S can interfere with the measurement of glycated hemoglobin, an essential tool for diagnosing and monitoring diabetes. The objective of this study is to evaluate the analytical performance of 2 glycated haemoglobin assay methods. A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted where 186 patients (61 homozygous sickle cell disease, 61 AA type subjects and 64 AS type subjects) were recruited. Glycated hemoglobin was measured by immunoturbidimetry method and ion exchange chromatography. The coefficient of variation (CV) of the repeatability is 2.34% and 1.13% (normal rate) ; 2.32% and 1.65% (high rate) respectively for the immunoturbidimetric method and ion exchange chromatography. In reproducibility, the CV obtained are 3.23% and 2.64% (normal rate) and 3.27% and 2.22% (high rate), respectively for the immunoturbidimetric method and the ion exchange chromatography. Linearity is satisfactory for both methods. Mean glycated hemoglobin values ​​show no significant difference (the P-value is equal to 0.09, 0.17 and 0.70 respectively in subjects AA, AS and SS) in the 2 methods for patients with the same hemoglobin electrophoretic profile. The analytical performances of the 2 methods are good but their use is not recommended in the biological diagnosis of diabetes and pre-diabetes due to interference from hemoglobin S, especially in the case of homozygous sickle cell disease or in the case of composite heterozygosity.

Background and Objective: The binding of SARS-CoV-2 to ACE2 inhibits the action of the latter on the RAAS (Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System), which could increase blood pressure and disturbances in the hydroelectrolyte balance.The objective of this study was to determine the electrolyte profile of patients with COVID-19.Materials and Methods: Within that framework, a 3-month retrospective analytical study of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 was conducted, admitted at Dalal Jamm Hospital and Aristide Le Dantec Hospital.Data were collected from the laboratory records of the said hospitals and included age, sex, clinical information (symptoms, underlying diseases and clinical forms) and blood ionogram results (natraemia and kalaemia).Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software.Results: About 745 patients were recruited.The mean age of the study population was 54.22±18.53with a sex ratio of 1.15.Ten percent of the population had a severe form.Hypertension was the most frequent comorbidity (14.53%) followed by diabetes (11.73%).The most frequent electrolyte disorders were hyponatremia (13.02%) and hyperkalemia (6.97%).They were more frequent in men, elderly subjects, those with a severe form of the disease and those with comorbidities.Conclusion: This data suggested a disturbance of the hydro electrolytic homeostasis in subjects infected by SARS-CoV-2.It appears to be associated with age, gender, disease severity and the presence of comorbidity.

OBJECTIVE: To report technique, indications and outcomes of supracricoid partial laryngectomy (SPL) with crico-hyoido-epiglottopexy (CHEP) or crico-hyoidopexy (CHP) for laryngeal cancers at Hôpital Principal de Dakar. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective study carried out from January 2009 to December 2016 in the ENT department of Hôpital Principal de Dakar including all patients who underwent SPL with reconstruction for laryngeal cancer. RESULTS: Six patients underwent SPL with CHEP or CHP for laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. The lesions were classified as T1, T2 or T3. Functional outcomes were simple with normal swallowing and satisfactory voice quality. One patient presented with a local recurrence that motivated total salvage laryngectomy. CONCLUSION: SPL with reconstruction is a good alternative in the management of limited laryngeal cancers. It gives good oncological outcomes while preserving laryngeal functions. However, candidates must be selected and the technique rigorous. KEYWORDS: Cancer; Larynx; Partial laryngectomy; crico-hyoïdo-epiglottopexy; crico-hyoïdopexy.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a public health problem in developing countries where chronic HBV is endemic.The objective of our study was to determine the prevalence of KRAS and BRAF mutations in patients with HCC.Mutations in codons 12 and 13 of KRAS and the V600E mutation of the BRAF gene were searched by HRM on Light Cycler 480 and confirmed by direct sequencing.A total of 34 HCC patients underwent molecular testing for codon 12 and 13 mutations in the KRAS gene and the V600E mutation in the BRAF gene.Melting curve analysis showed a prevalence of 23.5% (n=8/34) for the KRAS gene and 41.2% (n=14/34) for the BRAF gene.The mean age of BRAF mutation carriers was lower compared with KRAS mutation carriers.Chronic HBV carriage appeared to play a role in the development of these mutations, increasing the risk by 2 (CI(95)=0.55-7.24;p=0.395) for BRAF and by 1.78 (CI(95)=0.23-13.5;p=1) for KRAS.KRAS and BRAF mutations do not appear to play a role in tumor metastasis.However, these results need to be confirmed by further studies with a larger sample size.Alterations in the RAS/RAF/MAP Kinase pathway appear to be more prominent in HBV-induced HCC.This may hinder management with receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors, the basis for treatment of advanced HCC.

The estimation of the glomerular ltration rate (GFR), whose formulas are usually based on serum creatinine, is a fundamental data in clinical nephrology. The concept of “reference” or usual values adopted by health professionals is essential because of the paucity of research on the usual values of GFR in black Africa. The Modication of Diet in Renal disease (MDRD) and Chronik Kidney disease-Epidemiology collaboration (CKDEpi) equations were determined in non-African populations. Usual values specic to the black African population by the evaluation of the formulas of Cockroft and Gault (CG), MDRD and CKD-Epi must be rigorous and are the subject of this study. The GFR was determined using the CG, MDRD and CKD-Epi formulas in a sample of 233 presumed healthy Senegalese adults (118 men, 115 women). SPSS and Excel 2016 software were used for statistical analysis. A value of P<0.05 was considered statistically signicant. The determination of the GFR by the Cockcroft method overestimates the CKD values by 10.24 (9.82 - 14.53) with p=0.001 and that of the MDRD by 7.47 (5.91 - 9.03) the CKD values with p=0.001. For a GFR measurement uncertainty of +/- 10%, the CG and CKD formulas cannot be superimposed with a low correlation coefcient r = 0.52 and a coefcient of determination R² = 0.28; whereas those of MDRD and CKD-Epi are on the other hand superimposable with r = 0.79 and R² = 0.63. Thus, the CKD-Epi formula should be preferred for determining the usual value of GFR in a healthy person.

Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is a public health problem which affects all human beings including darkskinned subjects.In children, it can cause disabilities associated with skeletal abnormalities such as rickets or stunted growth.VDD is also associated with a significant risk of extra-skeletal, infectious, auto-immune, neoplastic, and cardiovascular diseases.The concentration of 25 (OH) D is currently considered as the best VDD indicator.Whereas VDD has been well studied in Western countries and North America, very few studies have been conducted in sub-Saharan Africa.The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and risk factors of VDD in children aged between 0 to 59 months.This is a cross-sectional prospective study conducted from August 5, 2019, to November 30, 2020.A total of three hundred children were included in this study, two hundred of whom were malnourished and the rest with a normal P/T ratio.The variables studied were vitamin D, serum calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and iron.Ferritin, haemoglobin, protein, albumin and prealbumin were also studied.The prevalence of VDD in the general population was 30%.No significant statistical difference in vitamin D concentration values was noticed between malnourished and nourished children with p = 0.388.Children over 24 months of age are 2.34 times more likely to be VDD than others.Given the prevalence of VDD in the study population, it would be necessary to integrate screening and supplementation into current medical practice.