Background and Objective: The binding of SARS-CoV-2 to ACE2 inhibits the action of the latter on the RAAS (Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System), which could increase blood pressure and disturbances in the hydroelectrolyte balance.The objective of this study was to determine the electrolyte profile of patients with COVID-19.Materials and Methods: Within that framework, a 3-month retrospective analytical study of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 was conducted, admitted at Dalal Jamm Hospital and Aristide Le Dantec Hospital.Data were collected from the laboratory records of the said hospitals and included age, sex, clinical information (symptoms, underlying diseases and clinical forms) and blood ionogram results (natraemia and kalaemia).Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software.Results: About 745 patients were recruited.The mean age of the study population was 54.22±18.53with a sex ratio of 1.15.Ten percent of the population had a severe form.Hypertension was the most frequent comorbidity (14.53%) followed by diabetes (11.73%).The most frequent electrolyte disorders were hyponatremia (13.02%) and hyperkalemia (6.97%).They were more frequent in men, elderly subjects, those with a severe form of the disease and those with comorbidities.Conclusion: This data suggested a disturbance of the hydro electrolytic homeostasis in subjects infected by SARS-CoV-2.It appears to be associated with age, gender, disease severity and the presence of comorbidity.

The estimation of the glomerular ltration rate (GFR), whose formulas are usually based on serum creatinine, is a fundamental data in clinical nephrology. The concept of “reference” or usual values adopted by health professionals is essential because of the paucity of research on the usual values of GFR in black Africa. The Modication of Diet in Renal disease (MDRD) and Chronik Kidney disease-Epidemiology collaboration (CKDEpi) equations were determined in non-African populations. Usual values specic to the black African population by the evaluation of the formulas of Cockroft and Gault (CG), MDRD and CKD-Epi must be rigorous and are the subject of this study. The GFR was determined using the CG, MDRD and CKD-Epi formulas in a sample of 233 presumed healthy Senegalese adults (118 men, 115 women). SPSS and Excel 2016 software were used for statistical analysis. A value of P<0.05 was considered statistically signicant. The determination of the GFR by the Cockcroft method overestimates the CKD values by 10.24 (9.82 - 14.53) with p=0.001 and that of the MDRD by 7.47 (5.91 - 9.03) the CKD values with p=0.001. For a GFR measurement uncertainty of +/- 10%, the CG and CKD formulas cannot be superimposed with a low correlation coefcient r = 0.52 and a coefcient of determination R² = 0.28; whereas those of MDRD and CKD-Epi are on the other hand superimposable with r = 0.79 and R² = 0.63. Thus, the CKD-Epi formula should be preferred for determining the usual value of GFR in a healthy person.

This is a prospective cross-sectional study carried out at the department of pediatric of the Diamniadio children's hospital in 2016. This includes subjects aged between 0 and 28 days admitted for neonatal infection according to clinical and anamnestic criteria. Prealbumin assay was carried out using the immuno-turbidimetry technique with the A15 automate of Biosystems®. In 50 newborns, bacterial neonatal infection was confirmed in 24% of the population. Prealbumin concentration of newborns with isolated germs (179.08±108.87 mg / L) is lower compared to the group where no germ was isolated (199.41±108.87 mg / L) but without significant difference. However, Gram-negative infection was responsible for a greater decrease in prealbumin. It is therefore important to include the dosage of prealbumin in the monitoring of neonatal bacterial infections to prevent complications.

27Sep 2017 MICROSATELLIT MARKERS BAT25 AND BAT26 IN SUBJECTS WITH COLORECTAL CANCER IN SENEGAL. A Ndiaye , B K?n?m? , F Mbaye , F Diallo , A Samba , S Sanni , F Cisse , S Thiam , D Doupa , M Seck , I Thiam , C M M Dial , P S Diop , N D Sall , M Toure and M Semb?ne. Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry-Biology Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, (Senegal). Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar (Senegal). Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry-Biology Training and Research Unit (UFR), Faculty of Health Sciences, Gaston Berger University, Saint Louis (Senegal). Department of general surgery, Aristide Le Dantec Hospital Dakar (Senegal). Laboratory of anatomopathology, Aristide Le Dantec Hospital Dakar (Senegal). Laboratory of anatomopathology, Grand Yoff Hospital, Dakar (Senegal). Department of digestive surgery and hepatobiliary-Cancerology, Grand Yoff Hospital, Dakar (Senegal).

Diabetes represents a challenging global health issue in the 21st century. Data from sub-Saharan African populations are scarce and are usually restricted to urban settings. The objective of this study was to compare prevalence and risk factors of diabetes in rural and urban areas in Senegal. Methods. In a community-based survey between January and May 2012, we included 1027 adults aged ≥18 years living in northern Senegal. Sociodemographic, clinical, and biological data were collected during household visits. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with diabetes. Results. Mean age of participants was 48.0±16.9 years and 65.7% were female. Participants from urban area represented 55.7%. The age-standardized prevalence of diabetes was 7.6% (6.0% in men versus 9.0% in women). Prevalence of diabetes was higher in urban areas (8.1%) compared to rural areas (4.6%). Disease awareness rate was 43%. After multivariate analysis, age (OR = 1.63, p=0.001), familial history of diabetes (OR = 1.42, p=0.001), and abdominal obesity (OR = 1.17, p=0.05) were associated with diabetes. Conclusion. Diabetes is frequent in urban and rural areas in Senegal. Awareness rate is very low among populations. Age, family history of diabetes, and abdominal obesity are the main risk factors identified.

L’hypertension artérielle (HTA) représente un problème mondial de santé publique. Le combretum micranthum (kinkeliba) et l’hibiscus sabdariffa (bissap) sont des boissons populaires en Afrique de l’Ouest également largement utilisées en médecine traditionnelle. Des études in vivo identifient dans ces plantes de nombreux composants dotés d’une activité anti-hypertensive mais peu de preuves sont disponibles en clinique. Le but de cette étude était d’évaluer l’efficacité clinique de ces deux plantes dans l’HTA non compliquée. Il s’agit d’un essai clinique randomisé ayant inclus 125 patients d’âge ≥ 18 ans, hypertendus non encore traités et sans aucune complication viscérale. Après recueil du consentement libre, les patients étaient assignés de façon aléatoire soit dans le groupe 1 (kinkeliba 380 mg × 2/jour) ou le groupe 2 (bissap 320 mg × 2/jour) ou le groupe 3 (ramipril 5 mg/jour) pendant 4 semaines. Les paramètres cliniques et biologiques étaient recueillis au début et à la fin de chaque semaine. Le protocole d’étude était préalablement validé par le comité national d’éthique en santé. Après 4 semaines de traitement, la pression artérielle systolique (PAS) des patients du groupe 1 (n = 42) est passée de 152,4 à 140,6 mmHg (p < 0,001) alors que la pression artérielle diastolique (PAD) a diminué de 95,5 à 90,4 mmHg (p < 0,001). Parallèlement, la PAS moyenne a chuté de 155,5 à 144,2 mmHg (p < 0,001) et la PAD moyenne de 95,4 à 89,4 mmHg (p < 0,001) dans le groupe 2 (n = 42). Pour les patients du groupe 3 (n = 41), la PAS moyenne a baissé de 156,2 à 139,5 mmHg (p < 0,001) tandis que la PAD a diminué de 93,9 à 87,3 mmHg (p < 0,001). Les réductions de la PAS et la PAD ont été significativement plus importantes dans le groupe 3 comparé aux groupes 1 et 2 (p = 0,015). Aucun effet secondaire majeur n’a été noté dans les trois groupes. Cette étude confirme l’efficacité du kinkeliba et du bissap dans l’HTA non compliquée même si elle est moins puissante que le ramipril. Les résultats de cet essai méritent d’être confirmés par d’autres études plus longues.

In the care of patients, medical analyzes are essential evidences to confirm a diagnosis. In Senegal, in 2005 and according to the National Health Accounts, Medical Biologys pending were estimated at 4.5 billion franc CFA. .Unlike drugs, very few studies have been conducted to assess the cost of medical biology acts in the care of patients. It is for this reason that we decided to determine the cost of these acts performed in the laboratory of Biochemistry, Aristide Le Dantec Hospital (National Referral hospital).This study was conducted over a period of three (3) months. This is a retrospective crosssectional study in analytical target on the calculation of the cost of Biochemistry examinations. All parameters analyzed during this period have been included but have excluded all the parameters that were not measured due to breakage of reagents.The method used is the ABC method based on the identification of all activities for the determination of product costs.This study has shown that wages represent a very significant proportion of the total costs(60%). We have found that the cost is much lower if the analyzes are done with a plc.Our study has shown that using a plc is having an impact on reducing costs. This confirms that the interest for the state is to provide efficient equipment in order to reduce the cost of services.

Cardiovascular diseases are a veritable public health problem worldwide. Its diagnosis and monitoring require among other things the determination of serum LDL cholesterol levels. For this, two methods of determination are often used: direct measurement and the Friedewald equation. The Friedewald formula is commonly used especially where the reference method is unavailable for technical and financial reasons. We investigated lipid status in one hundred subjects comparing the enzymatic method and LDL cholesterol estimation using the Friedewald formula. The MultiQC 6.0 software and Student’s test were used to analyse the results and P < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Correlation with two methods was satisfactory with only a few discordant results. However, Friedewald equation always keeps its usefulness in our resource limited countries.

La drépanocytose homozygote s'accompagne d'une augmentation de l'hémoglobine (Hb) plasmatique, susceptible d'exposer les hématies à un stress oxydant.L'haptoglobine présente trois phénotypes majeurs (Hp 1-1, Hp 2-1 et Hp 2-2) susceptibles de fixer l'hémoglobine extracellulaire avec une efficacité différente.L'objectif de ce travail est de voir si la connaissance du phénotype d'Hp pouvait constituer un élément prédictif de l'anémie sévère.Pour cela, il a été recruté 68 drépanocytaires homozygotes, âgés de 5 à 31 ans.Pour chaque patient, un témoin de même sexe et de même âge ± 2 ans a été recruté.Le phénotypage de l'Hp a été réalisé par électrophorèse sur gel de polyacrylamide.Les résultats du dosage de l'Hb font ressortir que les taux d'Hb sont significativement différentes chez les patients comparées à celles des témoins (p = 0,001).Lorsque la répartition a été faite en fonction du phénotype d'Hp, une différence statistiquement significative a été retrouvée entre le phénotype Hp1-1 et le phénotype Hp2-2 (p < 0,001) chez les patients et non chez les témoins.Les résultats de cette étude préliminaire suggéreraient que la connaissance du phénotype d'Hp serait un facteur prédictif de l'anémie sévère au cours de la drépanocytose.

Antiphospholipids antibodies (APL) are autoantibodies found in lupus erythematosus and disorders like. Their frequency varies between 2 and 62% according to the literature. An increased frequency of cardiac disorders in antiphospholipids (APL) positive lupus has been reported. The aim of our study was to evaluate the role of APL as an independent risk factor of cardiac disorders in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.A prospective study during 14 months has been designed with the cooperation of dermatologic, internal medicine and cardiology departments of the Aristide Le Dantec hospital of Dakar. Platelets count (Beckmann Coulter analyzer), activated partial thromboplastin time (Diagnostiga stago analyzer) and antiphospholipids antibodies (Elisa) were determined.37 patients affected by lupus were included in this study with a net feminine prevalence (89%); 8 (14.6%) had APL's significant results and 20 presented an echographic heart abnormality. The analysis of our data did not reveal an increased risk of cardiac diseases among APL positive lupic patients as compared to the negative group (p = 1).The presence of APL in patients with systemic lupus does not so seem to be an independant risk factor of heart diseases.