Relevance. Providing the population with functional, environmentally friendly and high-quality food is an urgent scientific and state problem. With prolonged use of contaminated products, the risk of various diseases increases. Therefore, the human diet should consist of functional, environmentally friendly products. The main goal of this research work was the production of high-quality jam from environmentally friendly raw materials of plant origin.Methods. For the preparation of the jam, the fruits of the Sosnovsky zucchini variety and the Lada melon of the technical and biological degree of maturity were used. The technological process of making jam took place in accordance with the technological requirements for this type of product. The content of biochemical parameters: dry matter, the amount of sugars, pectin and nitrates) were determined in fresh and finished (after the fermentation period) products.Results. Jam with a melon aroma was obtained with a glucose content of 4.5-6.73%, fructose - 4.66-7.17% with an accumulation of nitrates in the range of 127.1 mg / kg (fruits of biological maturity) and 131.6 mg / kg (fruits of technical maturity), which is 3.0-3.1 times lower than the maximum permissible concentration. The tasting committee rated the jam made from fruits of technical maturity at 4.3 points, and biological at 4.8 points. Thus, summarizing the results of our research, we can conclude that the jam made from zucchini fruits with the addition of melon is a functional, high-vitamin, environmentally friendly food product with high taste.

Relevance. Squashes are a promising culture, and the recent work of breeders allow us to uncover large reserves to improve their nutritional and dietary qualities. The dietary value of zucchini is due to the easy digestibility of all carbohydrates, which allows them to be used in the production of canned foods. Canned snacks and candied fruits are produced from zucchini. The most important quality of the varieties we study is their cylindrical shape, allowing mechanization of the cleaning operation.Methods. Therefore, the purpose of this work was to use zucchini of different degrees of ripeness for the preparation of candied fruit with the least loss of products.Results. As a result of research conducted at the All-Russian Research Institute of Irrigated Vegetable and Melon-Growing in the Astrakhan Region, it was found that zucchini fruits of different degrees of maturity can be used to make candied fruits, but the highest yield was obtained from mature squash, and amounted to 654 kg from the Sosnovsky variety , in the Orange variety 696 kg from one ton of prepared raw material, while in the Orange variety of candied fruits it was obtained 42-64 kg more than in the Sosnovsky variety, depending on the degree of ripening STI. The tasting committee rated candied fruits obtained from the fruit of the zucchini of the Orange variety higher by 0.3-0.5 points than from the Sosnovsky variety. In terms of chemical composition, candied fruits prepared from the raw material of ripe zucchini fruits exceeded 1.2-1.5 times - from unripe fruits. Ready candied fruits can be used as an independent form, as well as for the preparation of other types of products in the food industry.

Цель исследования – изучить и выявить наиболее перспективные сорта томатов селекции ВНИИООБ по вкусовым качествам на основании сахарно-кислотного индекса и биохимическим показателям. Предоставлены результаты изменения качественных показателей плодов томатов. Исследование проводили на сортах Лучистый, Супергол, Бульдог, Оранжевый салатный, Форвард, Гигантелла, Астраханский (контроль) селекции ВНИИООБ – филиала ФГБНУ «ПАФНЦ РАН» Астраханской области. Изучали изменения содержания основных химических веществ в свежих плодах томатов и после кратковременного хранения (10 сут) в естественных условиях хранилища. Биохимические параметры оценки качества плодов проводили по содержанию сухого вещества, суммы сахаров, кислотности, аскорбиновой кислоты, нитратов. По результатам исследования выявлено, что наиболее высокое отношение сахар/кислота как до хранения, так и после отмечено у сортов Супергол, Бульдог и Оранжевый салатный и находилось в пределах 10,2–12,2 единицы, что в 1,7 раза выше нормативного показателя (7 единиц). Более низкие вкусовые качества были у сортов Астраханский (контроль) – 8,8 и Форвард – 8,9. Дегустационная оценка изучаемых сортов томата составила 4,1–4,9 балла до хранения и 3,9–4,5 балла после кратковременного хранения. По содержанию аскорбиновой кислоты сорта Супергол, Бульдог и Оранжевый салатный превышали в 1,3–2,1 раза другие изучаемые сорта. По накоплению нитратов вышеуказанные сорта соответствовали экологически чистому продукту питания, так как их содержание было ниже в 4,1–7,5 раза предельно допустимой концентрации (150 мг/кг сырого вещества). Следовательно, сорта селекции ВНИИООБ по сахарно-кислотному индексу и биохимическим показателям отвечают высоким вкусовым качествам и экологически чистому продукту питания.

In modern farming systems the basis of the technology of cultivation of crops, becomes the regulation of the physical properties of the soil, the moisture supply of plants, the control of weeds, diseases and pests. Therefore, the introduction of resource-saving elements of technology for the care of watermelon crops, allowing to obtain stable yields remain relevant at this stage of development of market relations. It has been established that in order to increase the yield of watermelon fruits, it is necessary to carry out up to 4 cultivations that promote soil aeration and the destruction of weeds during the period of growth and development of plants. It was revealed that the best is differential watering, in which the standard yield is from 92.8% to 96.8%. Based on the systematization of the scientifically-based data obtained, the VNIIOOB staff developed OST 10316-2002 Food melons. Typical technological process, whichis approved and put into operation in Russia.

Preservation of tomatoes takes place by appropriate preparation of raw materials, packing in a container and sealing it with subsequent heat treatment. In the course of our studies on the suitability of new varieties for canning, we noted that all varieties reacted differently to heat treatment. For example, the forward variety, which has high taste qualities, had a sugar-acid index of 8,44, compared to 7,04-7,51 in other varieties, the tasting commission was estimated at 3,1-4,6 points, which is lower than other varieties, due to cracking of the skin of the fetus. After a year of storage, the sugar and acid index, depending on the variant, was 9,18-9,93, which indicates high taste qualities of the fruit. It was noted that the higher flavor qualities, regardless of the storage time, were in option 2. For the varieties Festive, Carat and Forward, the best was option 3. By the end of storage, it was 11,82 for the Festive variety, 10,51 for the variety Karat and 11,98 from Forward. According to the sugar-acid index of all the varieties studied, we distinguished Forward. We found that the sugar-acid index was higher than the taste, both before and after canning, in all varieties, indicating their high taste qualities. A higher score was given to variants 1 (control), 3 and 4. In variant 5, a sharper smell of garlic was noted.

One of the main directions of the food industry development is the production of functional food products. Changes in the human’s diet structure cause that none of population group does receive necessary amount of vitamins, macro and microelements in healthy routine diet. To solve this problem, food stuffs enhanced by different ingredients enable to improve the biological and food value. The pumpkin is a valuable source of such important substances as carotene and pectin. Addition of garlic and hot pepper ingredients to process of pumpkin pickling enables to enrich the products with carbohydrates, proteins, microelements, which have low or no content in the pumpkin fruit. Therefore, the study of the influence of the different quantities of garlic and hot pepper additions on chemical composition of finished product is very important. The influence of plant additions used on chemical composition of finished product had been well determined. It was shown that through increased doses of garlic and hot pepper ingredients as compared with control, the carotene and dry matter content then decreased by 1.16%-3.43% in pickled pumpkin, while the pectin content depended on added component. The highest pectin content, 0.71% was observed at addition of 10 g. garlic ingredient per 1 kg. of raw matter, that was 4.1 times higher than control. With increased addition of hot pepper ingredient the pectin accumulation was decreasing from 0.58% in control to 0.36% in variant 10g. per 1kg. of raw matter.

The purpose of the standard is the valuation of the indicators of quality of candied fruit watermelon, cooked in sugar syrup, dried and coated in granulated sugar intended for industrial processing and nutrition. This standard is developed for the first time in the Russian Federation.

The aim of technical specifications is the development of quality rating system of canned garlicky tomato in vinegar and tomato sauces with garlic, sugar, salt, and vinegar. The project of the technical specifications is developed for the first time inRussia.

The specification for performance of technological operation for cultivation, storage, and transporting of original tomato varieties are presented. The standards for technological process was developed for the first time in Russia.

The storage of yield of potato depends on quality of potato tuber. During storage the respiration process and evaporation are the cause of natural loss of potato tuber biomass. In our experiments, the loss of mass depended on variety, tuber size, and place of growing. During first day of storage, the natural loss of biomass of cv. «Rosara» was 2,9-3.1%, and cv. «Udacha» – 1,9-6,3%.

The importance of quality vegetable production is constantly increasing. The rise of the cultural level of the consumer every day makes it more legible and therefore the requirements to quality environmentally friendly product becomes decisive. Product quality is primarily dependent upon the ability to accumulate culture contaminants, which include nitrates. The maximum tolerated dose for humans nitrate 4.5 mg/kg of body weight. On the accumulation of nitrate in the production of significantly affects culture, variety, climatic conditions, soil type, duration and activity lights and particularly unbalanced mineral nutrition of plants, as well as storage conditions. In this connection in FGBNU VNIIOB was tasked to study the change of basic chemicals accumulate in eggplant fruits depending on their age and size and influence of storage conditions on product quality. According to the results of the survey it was noted that regardless of the duration of storage of more than just reduced quality of fruit size 10,1-14,0 cm, standardization of fruit on the third day of storage was 97,099,1 % depending on the variety. The content of basic chemicals also depends on the age and size of the fruit, harvesting date. It was found that the fruit size 15,1-18,0 cm accumulated nitrates in the 1,4-1,6 times less in comparison with the size of the fruits of 10,1-15,0 cm. The most suitable for use in food 35 fruits per diem which differ in the period of the highest content of nutrients and low nitrate. Coefficient sugar content is depending on the variety of 46,3 to 51,2. The highest quality of fruits of all the studied varieties observed at a mass gathering.

The results of pumpkin fruits storage in natural environment of storage facilities during six months are presented. The influence of soil type and pumpkin variety on the content of main chemicals and changes of fruit quality during storage has been found. After six month of storage as a result of fruit spoiling, the quality of pumpkin fruits was reduced up to 22,6$24,4% in cv. Krupnoplodnaya and up to 5.9$7.7 % in cv. Kroshka. The excess of nitrates and toxic elements above the maximum permissible values in the fruits of all varieties of pumpkin was not observed.

General assay requirements for technological processes at cultivation, mechanized harvest, sorting, storage, transporting, quality, packing, and control are determined.