This article is dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the Journal “PEDIATRIA. Journal named after G.N. Speransky,” which for more than half a century bears the name of its creator and permanent Editor-in-Chief for many decades – Georgiy Nestorovich Speransky. The article presents an overview of publications made throughout the history of the journal on the issues of diagnosis, therapy and prevention of infectious diseases in children.

The aim of the study was the improvement and gain in the efficiency of preventive medical examinations of minors. There were studied the information and statistical materials of the dispanserization of the children population of the Russian Federation in 2014 concerning the health of various age groups in terms of Federal districts and subjects. There were analyzed indices of the coverage of the children’s population with preventive routine medical examination; level and structure of the revealed general and primary prevalence; frequency of the dispensary registration; neediness in additional consultations, examinations and treatment in the conditions of out-patient clinic, a day hospital, a hospital of the round-the-clock stay, the sanatorium organizations, as well as the coverage by these medical services. There was recorded the high level of the coverage of minors by routine medical examinations. The ration of healthy children's population was more than one third from all cases who passed medical examination. The revealed general and primary prevalence rate of the children's population in large part (more than one third) subjects has level above the Russian one. The main reasons of children’s morbidity are diseases of respiratory organs, bone and muscular and nervous systems while teenagers mostly have diseases of bone and muscular system, an eye, appendages of the eye and respiratory organs. The high prevalence of chronic diseases among the children’s population in preventive medical examinations failed to be followed by recommendations for treatment and rehabilitation in sufficient volume. Regional features of results of medical examination allowed to identify the most disadvantaged areas, to identify defects in its organization and the lack of continuity between medical institutions providing this type of services.

The improvement of the quality of life (QL) of the child is the main goal of palliative care (PC). However, studies on the assessment of QL of the given contingent is not enough, especially for the children being in conditions of institutions for orphans and children left without parental care. There were studied the QL of 409 children, out of whom 113 being in need of PC were held at four centers for the promotion to the family education in Moscow. Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory - PedsQLтм4.0. The questionnaire survey was executed with the use of the Russian-language version of the international questionnaire for the assessment of QL «Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory - PedsQLtm4.0». There were established very low values of as the overall QL of children in need of palliative care, which are being in conditions of institutions for orphans and children left without parental care, as for all its compartments. The severe condition of the child that requires the provision of PC was established to decline the influence of gender, age, nosological, social factors on QL. There was detected only the impact of rehabilitation potential on the QL indices.

Background and aims The purpose of the study was to assess the quality of preventive medical examinations of minors. Methods The official data of Federal state statistics service for children health were analysed. Results The study resulted in the development of a method for assessing the quality of preventive medical examinations of minors, and recommendations for improving those examinations. On the whole, the quality of preventive medical examinations is rate as satisfactory. At the same time, morbidity underestimation patterns were identified. In order to improve the quality of preventive medical examinations of minors, it is necessary to ensure implementation of a set of measures: improve the quality of detection of the reproductive system diseases; improve the quality of detection of allergic diseases and of adequate treatment and preventive interventions; improve the quality of detection of the endocrine system diseases. Conclusions The priority directions for minors health improving are: - to extend the National calendar of vaccinations; - The Russian public health authorities in the regions of the RF should ensure comprehensive preventive medical examinations of minors.

The analysis was implemented concerning informational statistic data characterizing health of children population of different age groups in the Russian Federation on the basis of results of dispensarization in its federal okrugs and subjects in 2014. The purpose of the study was to discover ways and modes of developing and increasing efficiency of preventive examinations of underage population. The following indices were analyzed: coverage of children population by preventive medical examinations, distribution according health groups and medical groups for physical culture involvement, level and stricture of established total and primary morbidity, rate of dispensary registration, requirements in additional consultations, examinations and treatment in out-patient condition, day hospital, day-and-night hospital and also coverage with all these medical services. In the most of the subjects of the Russian Federation a high level of coverage of underage population with preventive medical examinations is registered. The percentage of healthy children population in the Russian Federation comprises more than one third of all covered by dispensarization. The significant variations in indices of rate of healthy children and children with functional disorders and chronic diseases in subjects of the Russian Federation is determined by quality and accessibility of medical care at the regional level. The established total and primary morbidity of children population in significant percentage (more than one third) of the subjects has a level higher than a national one. The leading causes of morbidity in children are diseases of respiratory system, musculoskeletal system, nervous system. In adolescents, these causes are diseases of musculoskeletal system, eye diseases and diseases of respiratory system. Despite high prevalence of chronic pathology in children population of the Russian Federation, the guidelines concerning treatment and rehabilitation on the basis of results of preventive medical examinations were developed in inadequate scope. The regional characteristics of the results of dispensarization are established. These results made it possible to sort out the most unfavorable territories and to determine defects in its organization and absence of continuity between medeical institutions providing the given type of medical services.

Objective: Our aim was to clarify and standardize the definitions of the term "social pediatrics."Methods: Terminological analysis, functional interpretative content analysis and method of expert assessments.Results: We found 86 definitions of the term "social pediatrics" in the Russian and foreign scientific sources (1939 to 2015). The earliest publication (1945) on social pediatrics was found in the PubMed database. After excluding duplicate and similar definitions, 24 logical definitions were included in the final analysis. Between 1970 and 1979, the highest number of foreign publications related to social pediatrics (PubMed) was found giving the grounds for considering this period the time of the official development of social pediatrics as a branch of science and practice abroad.Discussion: The definitions under the study compose a picture of a broader interpretation of the term "social pediatrics" in Europe, including different children healthcare levels (state, public, individual), while, for example, in Canada, the emphasis shifts towards a purely practical sphere — primary medical care with social pediatrics applied to vulnerable groups of children. Content analysis identified the main categories of social pediatrics in the presented definitions that were recorded in the developed matrix table.Conclusion: Based on the conceptual and categorical apparatus of social pediatrics, including a "holistic approach to healthcare," "social determinants of children's health," "preventive component," "children in difficult circumstances of life," "multidisciplinary approach/interagency cooperation," "system approach (to the organization of healthcare)," "health support," "psychosocial support," and "rights of the child," we introduced our own definition of social pediatrics. Preventive component of social pediatrics is recognized as one of the most important features according to both the content analysis and experts.

The article substantiates actuality of elaboration of the concept of development of palliative care of children and adolescents. The analysis of legislative and normative legal base, international documents, scientific studies related to this issue are analyzed. The situation in the regions ofthe Russian Federation is examined concerning organization of palliative care of children and its forms, provision of pharmaceuticals and specialized equipment and professional training of specialists. The demand of children population in palliative care in Russia is calculated according data of 2012. The results of carried out study are used as a basis of determining measures of development of system of palliative care of children and adolescents in the Russian Federation to propose as a foundation for the National concept as a necessary condition for organization of effective and efficient service.

The article considers trends and priority directions of research studies of the field of public health and health care of children population. The interpretative content analysis was applied to study dissertations in the field of public health and health care in 1991-2012. The sampling included 4194 units of information. The first stage of study established that problems of children population are considered in 14.8% dissertations defended on the mentioned specialty. The next stage the categories of content-analysis were examined. They were divided on the following axes: axis I "Main problem of study", axis II "Localization of study", axis III "Examined age groups", axis IV "Distribution of studies on gender of examined contingent", axis V "Examined contingent", axis VI "Additional medical specialty". It is established that in dissertations on public health and health care of children population on axis I prevails organizational subject matter (27.2%). The health condition of various contingents of children population (16.8%), preventive aspects of pediatrics (12.2%), examination of particular conditions/diseases/classes of diseases (10.8%) are fixed as priority directions. In the most dissertations the regional character of studies is presented (98.2%). The prevailing age group in studies is the adolescent group (19.9%). The inter-disciplinary relationships of dissertations on problems of public health and health care of children population are revealed with such specialties as "Pediatrics" (16.2%), "Obstetrics and gynecology" (3.8%) and "Hygiene" (3.4%). With consideration for recognition of health promotion and optimization of health care of children population as priority directions of public health policy amount of research studies in this field is to be admitted as inadequate. With purpose of optimization of scientific knowledge and development of system of medical social care to children population it is needed to promote research studies of problems of public health and health care of children and adolescents.

The absence of system of medical social monitoring of children being in difficult life situations is one of main causes of preventable losses of health and life of children and adolescents. The plan of activities of the working group No3 under the Coordination council under the President of the Russian Federation of the national strategy realization of actions in interest of children for 2012-2017 includes a point: "The development and implementation of standard model of medical social monitoring of children and adolescents in the subjects of the Russian Federation". The implementation of this task is assigned to the Department of social pediatrics of The research center of children health of Moscow and the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tatarstan. The research methods included analysis and generalization of advanced experience of medical social monitoring of children population; expertise technique; modeling. The regional model of three-level system of medical social monitoring of children population is developed and implemented. The model includes level I (consulting rooms of medical social care of children polyclinics, feldsher obstetric stations, first-aid centers), level II--inter-municipal (departments of medical social monitoring in central district hospitals, medical institutions, clinical diagnostic centers) and level III--regional (the Republican center of medical social monitoring of children and adolescents). The immediate tasks necessary for effective functioning of system of medical social monitoring were determined. Within the framework of implementation of the pilot project the legal and normative legislative acts were developed to regulate functioning of regional model of three-level system of medical social care. The other documents necessary for effective functioning of this system were elaborated. The practical significance of this system is in the implementation of effective three-level model of medical social monitoring of children and adolescents supporting decrease of morbidity, mortality and "risk behaviors" suicidal included. The model is to prevent child neglect and homelessness and cruel treatment of children and adolescents.

Deviant behavior of adolescents is a serious social problem in today's society because of the significant prevalence of this phenomenon. Authors present the results of the study of adolescents with behavioral problems. Aim: optimization of medical and social care for adolescents with behavioral problems. Patients and methods: the authors studied the incidence of this condition among children aged from 15 to 17 years using the software package «SOC/PEDIATRIA-2». The features of the personality structure of adolescents with deviant behavior were revealed using the adopted Russian short version of MMPI-MINI-MULT. Demographic and social characteristics of the families of adolescents were assessed. SF-36 questionnaire was applied for the quality of life assessment of the studied category. Results: increasing morbidity among adolescents was revealed due to various reasons: economic, medical and social. The study allowed to develop personal characteristics of the criteria in order to timely identify adolescents with accentuated and psychopathological features. The characteristics of quality of life were used as criteria of health care for adolescents with behavioral problems. The measures for the prevention and correction of deviant behavior among adolescents were proposed, including intersectoral integration and active participation of family in the process of rehabilitation. Conclusions: it is necessary to identify adolescents with deviant behavior timely, followed by a set of measures to provide them with health and social care to protect their health.

Aim: to improve interdisciplinary care (medical, social and psychological) in children's polyclinics. Materials and methods: at first, authors selected interdisciplinary departments in polyclinics with effective medico-psychosocial care for children. Secondly, the common algorithm of this type of care was described (sociological methods — participant observation, in-depth interviews, experts interviews — were used). Thereby, the draft version of guide for medico-psychosocial care in children’s polyclinics appeared. The draft version was discussed and obtained by experts. Results: the basic guide for organization of medico-psychosocial departments in children’s polyclinics was suggested. Main goals and objectives of these departments were determined. The structure and personnel regulations were developed. The structured guideline was suggested: 1) early identification of vulnerable children and adolescents (difficult situations); 2) development of individual interdisciplinary (medico-psychosocial) care programs; 3) providing integrated interdisciplinary care for children and their families. Conclusions: organization of interdisciplinary (medico-psychosocial) department in children’s polyclinics will improve and protect the quality of life and health of vulnerable children and adolescents.

The analysis of functioning of a medico-social health care department at a pediatric polyclinic of St. Petersburg is shown in this article. The data on efficacy of this department are represented. The necessity of its allocation as a separate unit, providing the organization of practical interaction between all of the concerned structures and institutions of social protection of children at difficult living conditions, is proved.

This article is dedicated to the contribution of the fellow workers of the Scientific Centre of Children Health of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences to development of Russian social paediatrics. This article shows the distinguished roles of doctors and scientists of the center in the development of social paediatrics as both a science and practice, throughout its 250-years history beginning from the creation of the Imperial Foundling Hospital and until the present day. Owing to the great activity of paediatricians and research workers, a centre and a scientific school of social pediatrics were formed in the Scientific Centre of Children Health.

Health-related quality of life (HRQL) is a value correlating with life duration, which depends on person’s disturbances, current functional condition, self-perception and social abilities, which are influenced by diseases, traumas, treatment and private set. The results of adaptation and validation of the questionnaire HUI for utilitarian health index in children older than 5 years. Received data allowed to make the following conclusion: the Russian version of the questionnaire HUI can be used for life quality evaluation in scientific and clinico-economic researches in pediatrician practice.

Experience of the work with women, who decided to leave their child, is shown in this article. Young mothers have lived under the children hospital temporarily until their family, social and other problems were solved. Within one year 90% of mothers changed their decision and took their children. The conclusion was made, that early determination of pregnant women with risk to leave their children and rendering them social, psychological and pecuniary assistance is necessary in order to prevent social orphanage.

The experience of department of medico-social help to pregnant women in hard life situations on prophylaxis and preparing for social orphanhood and responsible maternity (on the basis of SFHI «Maternity Hospital №3», Moscow) is analyzed in the article.