Relevance: the annual incidence of acute respiratory infections (ARI) is in the lead in the structure of infectious pathology in the Russian Federation. One of the main issues is the development of optimal strategies for prevention of these diseases in high-risk groups.Aim: to evaluate the preventive and clinical efficacy as well as safety of various dosage forms of interferon alpha-2b in relation to ARI in young adults from organized groups.Materials and methods: our study included 300 volunteers aged 18 to 20 years, 100 of them were prescribed interferon alpha-2b in the form of a gel in addition to non-specific methods for the prevention of ARVI, 100 participants received interferon alpha-2b in the form of an ointment, 100 participants did not receive antiviral drugs.Results: the use of interferon alpha-2b ointment for prevention of ARI in organized groups significantly reduced the number of people who had ARVI and cases of ARI during the observation period. Among those who used interferon alpha2b no pneumonias occurred, the duration of hospitalization was statistically significantly reduced compared to the group of volunteers who used only non-specific prophylaxis methods. Participants who received interferon alpha-2b ointment had ARVI mainly in a mild form. No adverse events that could be associated with the use of the study drug were recorded during the observation period.Conclusion: the use of interferon alpha-2b in the form of ointment showed preventive and clinical efficacy against ARI in young adults from organized groups.

Crimean haemorrhagic fever (Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever) – an important public health problem due to the wide geographical spread, the ability to cause epidemic outbreaks of disease and high mortality. Evidence that human infection in some cases may occur in direct contact with the patient (bypassing the vector) indicates a high risk of contamination of surrounding people. This article presents a case of severe Crimean haemorrhagic fever in combination with tick-borne borreliosis with different clinical manifestations of the disease with many complications developed due to both direct and indirect effects of virus not only on blood cells, the system of hemostasis and vascular component with the development of hemorrhagic syndrome, but also on many organs and systems of the body. The possibility of long-term persistence of the Crimean haemorrhagic fever virus in the human body against the background of the inhibition of the immune system of the body and the severe course of the disease associated with the development of life-threatening complications, leads to a high risk of death, prolonged restorative treatment and extended hospitalization.

The article describes a clinical case of atypical severe course of parvovirus B19 infection, similar in its manifestations to meningococcal infection, with combined infection with Meningococcus, Hemophilus bacillus, influenza A virus. A patient hospitalized with acute respiratory disease and toxicoderma had new symptoms within 24 hours: headache, hemorrhagic rash, decrease in blood pressure to 80/50 mm Hg, fever up to 39.8 0C. Based on the symptoms, a preliminary clinical diagnosis was made: “Meningococcal infection, generalized form – meningococcemia, severe course. Infectious-toxic shock of the 2nd degree.” During laboratory examination of clinical samples of the patient by bacteriological, serological and molecular genetic methods, there was no growth of bacterial microflora in liquor, blood and smears from the pharynx and nose. Genetic material (DNA and RNA) of Neisseria meningitides, Haemophilus influenza and influenza A/H3N2 was detected in a smear from the nasal cavity. At the same time, parvovirus B19 DNA was isolated in the patient’s cerebrospinal fluid and blood in a high viral load (Ct 21.1 and Ct 4.9, respectively). The patient was found to have not only IgG, but also IgM antibodies to parvovirus B19, which is a confirmation of acute parvovirus B19 infection. A pronounced allergic reaction was confirmed by a high index of total IgE (1068 units/ml). Thus, we have described an atypical case of laboratoryconfirmed parvovirus B19 infection in the presence of bacterial-viral mixed infection and an allergic reaction in the patient.

Based on the survey results in 1322 patients found that patients with hronic viral hepatitis (CVH) blastocysts are found more often than in the group of individuals without concomitant pathology of the hepatic-biliary system (28.8% vs. 5.5%, respectively). In healthy individuals the blastocyst revealed more often in the summer, peaking in July and August, while in patients with CVH Blastocystis most frequently observed in winter. The high incidence of Blastocystis sp. CVH patients suggests that the pathology of the hepatic-biliary system fosters a supportive environment in the gastrointestinal tract for the colonization of its blastocyst. Molecular biological methods of investigation revealed that the subtype antroponozny blastocysts met in this population, 5.3 times less likely than those without concomitant liver disease.

In 125 patients with liver cirrhosis of different etiologies, classes A, B and C according to the Child-Pugh, with minimal hepatic encephalopathy and overt encephalopathy to II grade according to the West Haven criteria, we studied the efficacy of treatment of hepatic encephalopathy drugs of different pharmacological groups. The highest efficiency was found in the treatment with Stimol, treatment with probiotics and treatment included the combination of probiotics with metronidazole. Treatment with these drugs showed improvement in clinical status and in psychometric (cognitive) performance, as well as positive changes in clinical and biochemical parameters of blood. Also, this treatment was associated with the improving the quality of life of patients.

In order to estimate the frequency of detection of bacterial overgrowth syndrome in patients with chronic hepatitis C, find a possible relationship between development dysbiotic changes in the small intestine and over chronic hepatitis C were examined 80 patients (68 males and 12 females). In addition to standard laboratory tests for all patients was performed hydrogen breath test with a load of lactulose and fibrogastroduodenoscopy and hepatic biopsy with subsequent histological examination of biopsy. It was found that bacterial overgrowth syndrome, according to the hydrogen breath test detected 40% of patients with chronic hepatitis C, and the severity of it increases with the progression of the pathological process in the liver tissue. urthermore, in patients with endoscopic signs of catarrhal duodenitis according fibrogastroduodenoscopy, the level of molecular hydrogen when the hydrogen breath test at the appropriate stages of measurement was significantly lower, which may be due to the lack of saccharolytic and / or the predominance of proteolytic flora in the development of bacterial overgrowth syndrome.

A total of 1500 people, including 1273 children with various gastrointestinal tract diseases and 327 patients with chronic viral hepatitis C, were examined. Microscopy and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used to determine Blastocystis in the feces. Blastocysts were detected in 33% of the patients with chronic viral hepatitis C and in 4.9% of the children. Genotyping established that Blastocystis species subtype 3 (antroponous) was encountered relatively rarely (25%) in these patients; there were most common Blastocystis species subtypes 5 (36.1%) and 6 (36.1%). Significant intestinal dyspepsia was noted in all the patients with chronic hepatitis C and Blastocystis invasion. Blastocystis species subtype 3 was prevalent (62.3%) among the examined children. The other subtypes were less frequently detected. These were subtype 1 (29.5%), subtype 2 (24.3%), subtype 4 (1.3%), and subtype 7 (3.8%) whereas subtype 5 and subtype 6 were not found in any case. The comparison of clinical symptoms in children could reveal the following tendency: there were digestive disorders and skin allergic reactions with Blastocystis species subtype 1 and subtype 2, respectively.