About diagnostic valueof fever, in in fectious patients physicians knew from the time of Hippocrates. Significant contribution to thestudy madeby S. Libermeister, SP Botkin, AA Ostroumov, IP Pavlov, II Metchnikoff andothers. Themain centerof thermoregulation is the hypothalamus. The reare three sources of temperature reception – ther more ceptors of the skin, ther mose nsitive of inter oreceptor sand specific thermosensitiveneuronsof theCNS (neuronsnucleusanterior, middle and posteriorhy pothalamus). Ther more ceptors of the skin andthermal of interoceptorsarechannelswith transient receptorpotential (temperature-sensitivetransient receptorpotential (TRP) channels) of thefreenerveendings, such asthevagusnerve. Current experimental studiesshow that thereareseveral waysto initiatefever. Themain classical pathway of feverisassociated with increasedprostaglandin synthesisby theaction of endogenouspyrogens. Endogenouspyrogensincludea numberof cytokines: interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumornecrosisfactoralpha (TNF-α); interferon (IFN). Themain secondary pyrogen isconsideredto beIL-1β. Synthesisof IL-1β stimulatedstructuresPAMPs(pathogen-associatedmolecularpatterns) andDAMRs(danger-associatedmolecularpatterns), dependson theactivation of caspase–1 with inflammasom. Thestateof thermoregulation andisnow estimatedthermometry. Thefounderof theclinical thermometerisa German physician C. Wunderlich. Abroad, the«goldstandard» isa measurement of rectal body temperature, asthemost stableandreliable. In ourcountry, in practice, usually measuredaxillary body temperature. Accordingto thetypesof feverandtemperaturecurvesinfectiousdiseasescan predefinenosological formof infectiousdisease. Amonginfectiousdiseasesaremost common, andsometimesalmost pathognomonic (malaria), fora given nosological formof thereaction temperature.

In article presents modern system of medical care to servicemen with chronic viral hepatitis. Also presented comparative analysis of the specialized care for these patients up to 2010 (prior to deployment in the clinic of infectious diseases of the Military Medical Academy center for the treatment of chronic viral hepatitis) and after. Shows that from 2007 to 2009. proportion of chronic viral hepatitis in the structure of all infectious diseases in the Armed Forces increased (in 2007 – 2.1%, in 2008 – 2.3%, in 2009 – 2.5%). Particularly significant increased incidence of contract servicemen. In 2007 – 5.2%, 2008 – 5.8% 2009 6 -%). Since 2010 there has been a strong tendency to reduce the incidence of chronic viral hepatitis in the structure of infectious diseases in general: 1.2% – in 2010, 0.8% – in 2011, and contract servicemen in particular: 4% – in 2010, 2.8% – in 2011, In addition, the article described in detail the steps and the amount of medical care for these patients.