About diagnostic valueof fever, in in fectious patients physicians knew from the time of Hippocrates. Significant contribution to thestudy madeby S. Libermeister, SP Botkin, AA Ostroumov, IP Pavlov, II Metchnikoff andothers. Themain centerof thermoregulation is the hypothalamus. The reare three sources of temperature reception – ther more ceptors of the skin, ther mose nsitive of inter oreceptor sand specific thermosensitiveneuronsof theCNS (neuronsnucleusanterior, middle and posteriorhy pothalamus). Ther more ceptors of the skin andthermal of interoceptorsarechannelswith transient receptorpotential (temperature-sensitivetransient receptorpotential (TRP) channels) of thefreenerveendings, such asthevagusnerve. Current experimental studiesshow that thereareseveral waysto initiatefever. Themain classical pathway of feverisassociated with increasedprostaglandin synthesisby theaction of endogenouspyrogens. Endogenouspyrogensincludea numberof cytokines: interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumornecrosisfactoralpha (TNF-α); interferon (IFN). Themain secondary pyrogen isconsideredto beIL-1β. Synthesisof IL-1β stimulatedstructuresPAMPs(pathogen-associatedmolecularpatterns) andDAMRs(danger-associatedmolecularpatterns), dependson theactivation of caspase–1 with inflammasom. Thestateof thermoregulation andisnow estimatedthermometry. Thefounderof theclinical thermometerisa German physician C. Wunderlich. Abroad, the«goldstandard» isa measurement of rectal body temperature, asthemost stableandreliable. In ourcountry, in practice, usually measuredaxillary body temperature. Accordingto thetypesof feverandtemperaturecurvesinfectiousdiseasescan predefinenosological formof infectiousdisease. Amonginfectiousdiseasesaremost common, andsometimesalmost pathognomonic (malaria), fora given nosological formof thereaction temperature.

Any state not in a condition to allocate unlimited financial resources for medical maintenance of the population. In the conditions of restriction of financial possibilities, to enough stable and predicted number of the medical personnel, known equipment of medical institutions and population before the state there is the major problem of maintenance of rendering of optimum volume of diagnostic and medical services to the maximum number of citizens of the country. Search of the best balance between the advanced possibilities of medicine and really necessary level of rendering of medical services is actively conducted in our country during a placenta of decades. The certain contribution to working out of standards of diagnostics and treatment of infectious patients is brought by military infectionists