Relevanse. Rhizosphere associative bacteria, multiplying on root secretions, provide the plant with the entire complex of necessary nutrients from the soil and help increase productivity.The purpose of the research was to identify the feasibility and effectiveness of using bacterial preparations, optimizing the rates and timing of their application when cultivating onions as an annual crop on alluvial meadow soils of the Non-Chernozem Zone.Materials and Methods. Field experiments were carried out on the experimental field of VNIIO on an area of 1000 m2 in 2021-2023. We used drugs provided by the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "All-Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Microbiology" (St. Petersburg): BisolbiPlant BIS88 (Bacillus pumilis strain); N40 – Experimental strain (Paenibacillus xylanexedens) – bacillary nitrogen fixer; V514 – Experimental strain (Bacillus megaterium) – bacillary stimulator of mobilization of soil phosphates and phosphorus from mineral fertilizers. The following tasks were solved by year: 2021 – Integrated use of biological products at application rates, l/ha: 0.0; 10.0; 20.0; 40.0; 2022 – Application of biological products in the following options: Control, Control + BIS88 (1+1) l/ha, Control + BIS88 (1+1) l/ha + N40 (1+1) l/ha + V514 (1+1) l/ha; 2023 – Options: BIS88 (0.5+0.5) l/ha + N40 (0.5+0.5) l/ha + V514 (0.5+0.5) l/ha at different base levels spring fertilization: N160P160K160; N110P110K110; N60P60K60.Results. It is not advisable to apply the studied bacterial preparations at a total rate of more than 10.0 l/ha during the cultivation of onions due to plant disease with bacteriosis. The use of the BisolbiPlant drug at a rate of (0.5+0.5) l/ha helps to increase the yield of onions with harvest quality comparable to the control. Biological products applied in combination with irrigation water during the growing season: BIS88 (0.5+0.5) l/ha; N40 (0.5+0.5) l/ha; V514 (0.5+0.5) l/ha, provide an increase in yield (13.4%) with harvest quality comparable to the control in the case of a low (N60P60K60) level of basic spring fertilizer application with subsequent fertilizing during the growing season Ca40N30 + N40K40 + N40K40. At the rates of the main spring application of fertilizers N110P110K110 and N160P160K160, complex application of preparations does not ensure an increase in the yield and its quality.

Многолетнее применение на овощных и полевых культурах гербицидов на основе пендиметалина, прометрина способствовало накоплению в агроценозах устойчивых к ним сорняков из семейств астровые, капустные, а также паслена черного, щирицы запрокинутой, подмаренника цепкого и снизило их эффективность. Проблема расширения ассортимента гербицидов на чесноке (Allium sativum L.) за счет высокоэффективных препаратов широкого спектра и различного механизма действия предопределила исследования в 2021–2022 году во ВНИИО – филиале ФГБНУ ФНЦО (Московская область, Раменский район). Цель исследований: оценка биологической эффективности и избирательности незарегистрированных на посадках чеснока гербицидов: Бутизан 400, КС, Бандур, КС и Эстамп, КЭ. Из испытуемых препаратов наибольшую эффективность обеспечило весеннее применение Бутизан 400, КС в норме 2 л/га в фазу двух листьев чеснока. Гербицид подавлял 88–96% однолетних двудольных сорняков, снижая их массу на 92–97%. К нему были высокочувствительны трудноискореняемые сорные растения крестовника обыкновенного, звездчатки средней, галинсоги мелкоцветковой, осота огородного, ярутки полевой, пастушьей сумки обыкновенной, паслена черного и щирицы запрокинутой. Меньшую чувствительность проявил подмаренник цепкий. Условием высокоэффективного внесения гербицида Бутизан 400, КС является его применение по влажной мелкокомковатой почве с последующими осадками (10–15 см) или поливом (150м3/га) в течение недели после обработки. Наибольшая и достоверная прибавка урожая чеснока (1,3 т/га) достигнута в варианте ранневесеннего внесения Бутизан 400, КС 2,0 л/га. Гербициды Бутизан 400, КС, Бандур, КС и Эстамп, КЭ в период вегетации не оказали фитотоксичного действия на чеснок и были к нему избирательны. Long-term use of herbicides based on pendimethalin, prometrin on vegetable and field crops contributed to the accumulation in agrocenoses of resistant weeds from the aster (Ateraceae), cabbage (Brassicaceae) families, as well as black nightshade (Solanum nigrum L.), upturned acorn (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), and tenacious bedstraw (Galium aparine L.) and reduced their effectiveness. The problem of expanding the range of herbicides on garlic with highly effective preparations of a wide spectrum and different mechanisms of action predetermined the carrying out of researches in 2021–2022 at the ARRIVG – branch of FSBSI FSVC (Moscow region, Ramensky district). Purpose of the research: assessment of the biological effectiveness and selectivity of herbicides not registered on garlic plantings: Butizan 400, SC, Bandur, SC and Estamp, EC of the tested preparations, the greatest effectiveness was ensured by the spring application of Butizan 400, KS at a rate of 2 l/ha in the phase of 2 garlic leaves. The herbicide suppressed 88–96% of annual dicotyledonous weeds, reducing their weight by 92–97%. The hard-to-eradicate weeds of common groundsel (Senecio vulgarisL.), common chickweed (Stellaria media Vill.), small-flowered galinsoga (Galinsoga parviflora Cav.), garden sow thistle (Sonchus oleraceus L.), field grass (Thlaspi arvense L.), shepherd's purse (Capsella bursa-pastoris Medik.), black nightshade (Solanum nigrum L.) and upturned acorn (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) were highly sensitive to it. Tenacious bedstraw (Galium aparine L.) showed less sensitivity. The condition for highly effective application of the herbicide Butizan 400, KS is its application on moist, fine-lumpy soil followed by precipitation (10–15 mm) or watering (150 m3/ha) within a week after treatment. The largest and most reliable increase in garlic yield (1.3 t/ha) was achieved in the variant of early spring application of Butizan 400, KS 2.0 l/ha. Herbicides Butizan 400, KS, Bandur, KS and Estamp, CE did not have a phytotoxic effect on garlic during the growing season and were selective towards it.

Relevance. Onions in Russia in 2021: Cultivation area – 56.3 thousand hectares; Productivity – 28.6 t/ha; Production – 1608.6 thousand tons; Import from the volume of consumption – 10.7%. Modern varieties and hybrids and plant protection products make it possible to obtain high yields in the conditions of the Non-chernozem zone. The aim of the research is to optimize the parameters and terms of technological operations for the cultivation of onion in an annual crop on alluvial meadow soils of the Non-Chernozem Zone.Materials and methods. The nutrition system of onion plants was tested through distributed nitrogen application during the growing season: Option 1 – (N160P160K160) presowing – (Ca40N10 + K40N20 + K40N20) during the growing season; Option 2 – (N110P110K110) presowing + (Ca40N20 + K40N40 + K40N40) during the growing season. Experience in the use of the microbiological preparation Bisolbi-Plant (Bacillus pumilis) BIS88 together with the 1% humic preparation "Rostok" at a rate of one liter per hectare each to stimulate active growth.Results. At the end of the growing season in the second variant of the nitrogen experiment, the growing season was extended by 7-10 days. The excess yield under the second option for 2021-22 years of research amounted to more than 20.0 t/ha and is significant. The difference in the options for applying the Bisolbi-Plant preparation in 2.8 t/ha with HCP05 – 8.2 t/ha was not significant. The advantage of the variant with the biological preparation is higher plant density by 71.0 thousand units/ha and the absence of signs of bacteriosis. Thus, the distributed application of nitrogen (N110P110K110) presowing + (Ca40N20 + K40N40 + K40N40) during the growing season with irrigation water was significantly more effective than (N160P160K160) presowing + (Ca40N20 + K40N20 + K40N20) during the growing season. There was a tendency to increase the yield and quality of products with the double application of Bisolbi-Plant (BIS88) at a rate of (1.0 + 1.0) l/ha.

Relevance . Onions are a traditional vegetable crop that is in demand all year round. To obtain high and stable yields, it is necessary to renew the assortment of herbicides in the fight against weeds, to use compositions of preparations of different spectrum of action, toxic to the most harmful weeds and giving the maximum herbicidal effect with minimal labor and financial resources. Results. The article presents the results of tests of new herbicides Bandura and Boxer, unregistered in the Russian Federation on onions, at optimal rates, which showed high selectivity to the crop, but were inferior in efficiency to the Stomp Professional standard. The tank mixtures of Bandura and Stomp Professional with Dual Gold were more effective, exceeding the level of efficiency of the standard. Due to the action of the mixture Stomp Professional + Dual Gold (2 + 1 L / ha), the weediness of onion crops decreased by 78-89% (by quantity) and by 87 - 95% (by weight), which contributed to a significant increase in the yield of bulbs by 12.2% in comparison with control. The efficiency of Goal 2E 0.5 L/ha (42%) in the phase of 2 leaves of onion was insignificant due to the overgrowth of most annual dicotyledonous weeds by the time of treatment (3-10 leaves). The herbicide completely eliminated weeds at an early stage (up to 5 leaves), as well as older white and smoky grass. The remaining weeds experienced oppression in the form of suspension of growth, twisting and necrosis of leaves. Goal 2 E must be included in the system of protective measures against the background of pre-emergence herbicide treatment to suppress annual dicotyledonous weeds, poorly controlled by soil herbicides.

Ассортимент гербицидов, рекомендованных и широко используемых на посевах моркови против однолетних сорных растений, ограничен препаратами на основе прометрина, пендиметалина и флурохлоридона. В связи с этим актуально расширение ассортимента гербицидов, а также поиск новых эффективных препаратов и баковых смесей с различным механизмом действия. В ряде зарубежных стран хорошо себя зарекомендовал на посевах моркови гербицид Бандур с содержанием 600 г на 1 литр действующего вещества (д. в.) аклопифена фирмы Bayer Crop Science. Цель исследования – оценка биологической эффективности на посевах моркови столовой гербицида Бандур и его баковой смеси с Комманд. Испытания препаратов проводили в 2018–2019 годах в Раменском районе Московской области на поле ВНИИО – филиала ФГБНУ ФНЦО, специально подготовленного для проведения мелкоделяночных опытов. Незарегистрированный в России гербицид Бандур изучали на посевах моркови Шантенэ королевская в нормах 2,0; 3,0 и 4,0 л/га и кроме этого – баковую смесь Бандур + Комманд (3,0 + 0,15 л/га). В качестве эталона использовали Стомп Профессионал, 3,5 л/га. Уровень засоренности определяли в три срока: через 30, 60 дней после обработки и перед уборкой урожая. Биологическая эффективность довсходового применения на посевах моркови гербицида Бандур в нормах 3,0–4,0 л/га соответствовала эффективности эталона Стомп Профессионал, 3,5 л/га. Для максимального снижения засоренности, особенно такими трудноискореняемыми сорняками, как паслен черный, крестовник обыкновенный и подмаренник цепкий, рекомендуется применять Бандур, 3,0 л/га в смеси с 0,15 л/га Комманд. The range of herbicides recommended and widely used in carrot crops against annual weeds is limited to preparations based on promethrin, pendimethalin and fluorochloridone. In this regard, it is important to expand the range of herbicides, as well as the search for new effective drugs and tank mixtures with a different mechanism of action. In a number of foreign countries, the herbicide Bandur with a content of 600 g per 1 liter of aclopiphene from Bayer Crop Science has proven itself well on carrot crops. The aim of the study is to evaluate the biological effectiveness of the herbicide Bandur and its tank mixture with Command on carrot crops. The drugs were tested in 2018–2019 in the Ramenskoye district of the Moscow region on the field of ARRIVG – a branch of FSBSI FSVC, specially prepared for conducting small-scale experiments. Unregistered herbicide Bandur in Russia was studied on crops of carrot Shantene korolevskaya in the norms of 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 l/ha and in addition – a tank mixture of Bandur + Command (3.0 + 0.15 l/ha). Stomp Professional, 3.5 l/ha was used as a standard. The level of contamination was determined in three periods, 30, 60 days after processing and before harvesting. The biological efficiency of the pre-emergence application of the herbicide Bandur on carrot crops in the norms of 3.0–4.0 l/ha corresponded to the effectiveness of the standard Stomp Professional, 3.5 l/ha. To maximize the reduction of clogging, especially with such difficult-to-root weeds as black nightshade, common groundsel and tenacious bedstraw, it is recommended to use Bandur, 3.0 l/ha mixed with 0.15 l/ha Command.

Лук репчатый – важнейшая овощная культура в стране. Величина и качество урожая в значительной мере определяется эффективностью борьбы с сорняками. При этом необходим поиск новых более эффективных схем применения гербицидов, обеспечивающих снижение их норм внесения в сочетании с повышением эффективности. На луке необходимо очищать посевы от сорняков в период флаг-листа культуры до двух настоящих листьев, а сорняки – в фазе семядоли – одного настоящего листа. Злаковые сорняки уничтожают применением широкого ассортимента граминицидов. Двудольные – как в культуре предшественника в севообороте, так и по вегетирующим растениям лука. В 2019–2020 годах были испытаны системы гербицидов, включающие внесение Реглон Форте 2,0 л/га за 1–3 дня до всходов лука в сочетании с применением Гоал 2Е в нормах 0,2, 0,25 и 0,3 л/га в фазу первого настоящего листа у лука (длина 3,2–3,7 см). Опыты проводили на опытном поле Всероссийского научно-исследовательского института овощеводства – филиале Федерального научного центра овощеводства (Московская область). Почва участка – аллювиальная, луговая, среднесуглинистая с содержанием гумуса 3,0–3,2%, рН солевой вытяжки 5,9, хорошо обеспечена подвижным фосфором (22–26 мг на 100 г почвы) и слабо калием (12–16 мг на 100 г почвы). Агротехника возделывания при капельном орошении была общепринятой для Нечерноземной зоны России. Учет эффективности проводили согласно стандартных методик. Размер учетных делянок – 12 м2. Повторность опытов четырехкратная. Установлено, что на посевах лука со средним и слабым уровнем засоренности, перспективны послевсходовые обработки Гоал 2Е в оптимальной норме 0,25 л/га начиная с фазы первого настоящего листа культуры по сорнякам в ранней стадии развития на фоне предвсходового внесения Реглон Форте 2,0 л/га. При этом главный фактор успеха применения Гоал 2 Е в первую очередь – фаза развития сорняков. Максимальный эффект можно достигнуть, когда значительное большинство из них будет в момент обработки в фазе семядолей. Onions are the most important vegetable crop in the country. The size and quality of the crop is largely determined by the effectiveness of weed control. At the same time, it is necessary to search for new more effective schemes for the use of herbicides, which ensure a reduction in their application rates in combination with an increase in efficiency. On the onion, it is necessary to clear the crops from weeds during the flag-leaf culture to two real leaves, and weeds – in the cotyledon phase – one real leaf. Cereal weeds are destroyed by using a wide range of graminicides. Dicotyledons – both in the culture of the predecessor in the crop rotation, and on vegetative onion plants. In 2019–2020, herbicide systems were tested, including the introduction of Reglon Forte 2.0 l/ha 1–3 days before onion shoots, in combination with the use of Goal 2E in the norms of 0.2, 0.25 and 0.3 l/ha in the phase of the first real leaf in onions (length 3.2–3.7 cm). The experiments were carried out at the experimental field of All Russian Research institute of Vegetable Growing – branch of Federal Scientific Centre of Vegetable Growing (Moscow region) The soil of the site is alluvial, meadow, medium loamy with a humus content of 3.0–3.2%, a pH of salt extract of 5.9, well provided with labile phosphorus (22–26 mg per 100 g of soil) and weakly potassium (12–16 mg per 100 g of soil). The agricultural technique of cultivation with drip irrigation was generally accepted for Non-chernozem zone. The efficiency was taken into account according to standard methods. The size of the accounting plots is 12 m2. The repetition of experiments is fourfold. It was found that on onion crops with medium and low levels of infestation, post-emergence treatments of Goal 2E in the optimal rate of 0.25 l/ha are promising, starting from the phase of the first real leaf of the crop for weeds in the early stage of development against the background of pre-emergence application of Reglon Forte 2.0 l/ha. At the same time, the main factor for the success of the use of Goal 2 E, first of all, is the phase of weed development. The maximum effect can be achieved when a significant majority of them will be in the cotyledon phase at the time of processing.

Приведены результаты исследований по оценке эффективности гербицидов на посевах моркови. Установлена оптимальная норма применения Зенкор Ультра, КС, его биологическая эффективность и безопасность использования. Зенкор Ультра, КС в оптимальной норме 0,5 л/га перспективен для применения на посевах моркови в фазу трех листьев, засоренных чувствительными к нему видами однолетних двудольных сорняков.The results of studies for assessment the effectiveness of herbicides on carrot crops are presented. The optimal norm of of Zencor Ultra, KS application, its biological efficiency and safety of use are ascertained. Zencor Ultra, KS at an optimal rate of 0.5 l/ha is promising for use on carrots in the phase of three leaves clogged with sensitive species of annual dicotyledonous weeds.

Приведены результаты испытаний нового гербицида Комманд, а также Бутизан 400, Стомп, Фронтьер Оптима отдельно и в смеси с Комманд. Применение Комманда в небольшой норме расхода 0,2 л/га высокотоксично против трудноистребимых однолетних двудольных сорняков: подмаренника цепкого, крестовника обыкновенного, галинсоги мелкоцветковой, паслена черного, мари белой. Для его активации необходим минимум осадков (7–10 мм). Его использование в баковых смесях расширяет спектр уничтожения сорных растений. Так, эффективность смесей: Стомп + Комманд, Бутизан 400 + Комманд, Фронтьер Оптима + Комманд на 16–27% выше, чем при их отдельном применении в сниженной на 17–21% погектарной норме расхода препаратов.The results of tests of the new herbicide Command, as well as Butizan 400, Stomp, the Frontier Optima separately and mixed with the Command are given. The use of Command in low application rate of 0,2 l/ha is highly toxic against hard-to-digest annual dicotyledonous weeds: bedstraw, common ragwort, small-flowered galinsog, black nightshade, common lambsguarters and for its activation the minimum rainfall (7–10 mm) is required. Its use in tank mixes extends the spectrum of the killing of weed plants. So, the efficiency of mixtures: Stomp + Command, Butizan 400 + Command, Frontier Optima + Command in reduced by 17 to 21% of hectare rate of preparations, on 16–27% higher than under their separate application.

The comparative analysis of different ways of application of the growth regulators “Obereg” and “Zavyazy” for white head cabbage has been conducted. The most effective was the double spraying by the mixed growth regulators at the stage of 6-8 leaves and the stage of the beginning of the forming of head of cabbage (400 g/ha and 60 ml/ha). The time step between the treatments is 30 days. The treatments have speeded up the stage of the industrial ripeness on 5-6 days as compared to control and have increased yield of cabbage. The increasing of the content of dry atter up to 1%, sugars up to 0.5%, nd vitamin C up to 1.9% mg% was recorded. The nitrate content in all variants was in range of the maximum permissible concentration.