One of stressful factors the reducing harvest and quality of bulbs of garlic winter (Allium sativum L.) defeat is diseases of various etiology. Studying of influence of factors of the external environment and stability of a genotype on prevalence of diseases on landings of garlic winter and degree of their injuriousness in the conditions of the Moscow region was the purpose of researches; assessment of collection and selection samples of garlic winter and identification among them steady against the most economically significant diseases. Object of researches were grades and collection samples of garlic of the Federal Scientific Vegetable Center, winter from collections, and other selection institutions. Field experiments and assessment were carried out on a natural infectious background for a number of years. It is as a result established that in the conditions of the Moscow region during vegetation of a plant of garlic winter mainly are surprised mushroom diseases (mycoses) among which the dominating position is taken by fusariosis (micromycetes of the sort Fusarium spp). Defeat of garlic fusariosis is shown annually and with different intensity, depending on weather conditions. The analysis of literature and results of our researches show that number and a ratio of types of Fusarium spp. in a pathogenic complex changes in last years. The types which are earlier not noted on the culture of garlic in the Moscow region (since 2009 – F. avenacium, F. proliferatum, F. subglutinans and F. semitectum are registered; since 2017 – F. gibbosum and F. nivale). In a complex with highly aggressive types of F. solani and F. oxysporum they enhance injuriousness of fuzariosis withering and rots. Mushrooms of the sort Alternaria and other micromycetes of the sorts Stemfillium, Pythium, Embilisia, Verticillum, Cladosporium in the conditions of the Moscow region meet mainly in a complex Fusarium. Gray rot (the activator – Botrytis allii L.) it is more often shown in storage time and transportations of bulbs of garlic. These micromycetes enhance injuriousness of fusariosis and increase losses of a harvest of garlic winter, especially, in the conditions of sharp fluctuations of average daily temperatures and humidity of the soil during the different periods of vegetation. Results of long-term assessment are given in article, grades and perspective collection samples of garlic winter the steadiest against defeat with diseases in the conditions of the changing climate of a zone of Non-Black Earth Region are allocated.
Garlic is one of the most ancient plants which the person turned to himself on advantage. The larger need for production of garlic for consumption and as raw materials for manufacture of medicinal preparations and, at last, just for use by the population as remedy for many diseases and for the preventive purposes led to the fact that bulk production of garlic in the world makes 24,836 million tons, and the area under garlic reached 1,465 million hectares. n Russia the area under garlic on all categories of farms is 28,4 thousand hectares, and production – 256,406 thousand tons. From factors influencing on the increase production of garlic, one of basic is a sort. Selection of garlic includes improvement of local grades, creation new high-yield, steady against diseases and to wreckers of grades, with the increased content of sugars, essential oils and biologically the active materials. Results of long-term researches by laboratory selection of onions cultures (VNIISSOK) on studying, assessment and selection exemplars grades of garlic winter, collected from different regions of Russia and the CIS countries, on a complex of signs are presented in article (winter hardiness, efficiency, to quality of production, resistance to wreckers and diseases).
One of stressful factors the reducing harvest and quality of bulbs of garlic winter (Allium sativum L.) defeat is diseases of various etiology. Studying of influence of factors of the external environment and stability of a genotype on prevalence of diseases on landings of garlic winter and degree of their injuriousness in the conditions of the Moscow region was the purpose of researches; assessment of collection and selection samples of garlic winter and identification among them steady against the most economically significant diseases. Object of researches were grades and collection samples of garlic of the Federal Scientific Vegetable Center, winter from collections, and other selection institutions. Field experiments and assessment were carried out on a natural infectious background for a number of years. It is as a result established that in the conditions of the Moscow region during vegetation of a plant of garlic winter mainly are surprised mushroom diseases (mycoses) among which the dominating position is taken by fusariosis (micromycetes of the sort Fusarium spp). Defeat of garlic fusariosis is shown annually and with different intensity, depending on weather conditions. The analysis of literature and results of our researches show that number and a ratio of types of Fusarium spp. in a pathogenic complex changes in last years. The types which are earlier not noted on the culture of garlic in the Moscow region (since 2009 – F. avenacium, F. proliferatum, F. subglutinans and F. semitectum are registered; since 2017 – F. gibbosum and F. nivale). In a complex with highly aggressive types of F. solani and F. oxysporum they enhance injuriousness of fuzariosis withering and rots. Mushrooms of the sort Alternaria and other micromycetes of the sorts Stemfillium, Pythium, Embilisia, Verticillum, Cladosporium in the conditions of the Moscow region meet mainly in a complex Fusarium. Gray rot (the activator – Botrytis allii L.) it is more often shown in storage time and transportations of bulbs of garlic. These micromycetes enhance injuriousness of fusariosis and increase losses of a harvest of garlic winter, especially, in the conditions of sharp fluctuations of average daily temperatures and humidity of the soil during the different periods of vegetation. Results of long-term assessment are given in article, grades and perspective collection samples of garlic winter the steadiest against defeat with diseases in the conditions of the changing climate of a zone of Non-Black Earth Region are allocated.
Winter garlic as a source of vitally necessary macro and microelements is very important in human's diet. Therefore, correlation links among accumulation the basic chemical elements in bulbs of winter garlic were estimated. It was shown that positive reliable relationship (r=0.71-0.85) was discovered between average potassium accumulation and elements, such as magnesium, aluminum and boron, and also between magnesium and boron accumulation, and between aluminum and magnesium. The correlation analysis showed negative relationship between cadmium accumulation with copper (r=-0.71) and silicon (r=- 0.66) accumulations. There is no significant relationship between lead accumulation and other element accumulation. The significant positive correlation was revealed between accumulation of radionuclides 90 Sr, 137 Cs in garlic bulbs and accumulations of aluminum, calcium, boron and magnesium with coefficients 0.74 and 0.85; 0.70 and 0.78; 0.65 and 0.77; 0.57 and 0.72, respectively. It was shown that accessions more resistant to diseases accumulated less cadmium (r=-0.47), but more lead (r=0.49). Moreover, it was noticed that accessions with high accumulation of potassium had the low percent of well-wintered bulbs (r=-0.57), but more accumulation of Zn and Fe caused the improved hardiness (r=0.80, 0.75, respectively).
The evaluation of aflatunskiy onion for accumulation level of 25 elements was done. It was found that this crop is a source of potassium, calcium, and phosphorus. It is able to accumulate iodine, magnesium, zinc, ferric, silica. The obtained data shows the nutrition value of the genus of Allium L.
The evaluation of aflatunskiy onion for accumulation level of 25 elements was done. It was found that this crop is a source of potassium, calcium, and phosphorus. It is able to accumulate iodine, magnesium, zinc, ferric, silica. The obtained data shows the nutrition value of the genus of Allium L.
The article presents the results of breeding of new variety of winter garlic “Strelets” developed as a result of clonal selection from local sample acquired in the Altai Territory. The variety trial revealed high seed production of this cultivar. The cultivar is characterized by the big air bulbils and other valuable features.
The results of estimation of 2 varieties and 6 collection samples of winter garlic (Allium sativum L.) of resistance to accumulation of plumbum, cadmium, cuprum, and mercuric in condition of the Moscow region are presented. The biochemical content of the studied samples of winter garlic is shown.
Ten varieties of winter garlic were tested for ability to accumulate macroand microelements. Genotype dependence was revealed. The most valuable varieties Strelets, Odintsovskiy Yubileyniy, Podnebesniy, Zaokskiy, and Replikant are characterized by high yield and content of macro- and microelements. The varieties Zaokskiy and Strelets are recommended for next breeding program as an initial breeding material.
Ten varieties of winter garlic were tested for ability to accumulate macroand microelements. Genotype dependence was revealed. The most valuable varieties Strelets, Odintsovskiy Yubileyniy, Podnebesniy, Zaokskiy, and Replikant are characterized by high yield and content of macro- and microelements. The varieties Zaokskiy and Strelets are recommended for next breeding program as an initial breeding material.
The results of estimation of 2 varieties and 6 collection samples of winter garlic (Allium sativum L.) of resistance to accumulation of plumbum, cadmium, cuprum, and mercuric in condition of the Moscow region are presented. The biochemical content of the studied samples of winter garlic is shown.
The results of evaluation of 5 varieties and 16 accessions from the collection of winter garlic (Allium sativum L.) based on the level of accumulation of cesium-137 and strontium-90 in condition of the Moscow region are shown.
