Diseases of the distal extremities in dairy cows are a widespread pathology that leads to a significant decrease in animal productivity. They arise against the background of restrictions on the motor activity of animals, violation of diets, rules for the care of hooves and zoohygienic standards for maintenance. The structures of the distal extremities are combined into a functional complex of interconnected structures (joints, tendons, finger organ). With destructive changes in one of the structures, the rest also become involved in the pathological process, which leads to the chronization of the course of pathologies in this area. However, until now there has been no morphological confirmation of this concept. In this regard, the aim of the work is to study the macro– and microstructure of the organs of the distal extremities in dairy cows in conditions of intensive animal husbandry. Autosional material was studied (50 samples of the distal thoracic and pelvic extremities of dairy cows of the black-mottled Holstein breed). The methods of anatomical dissection and light microscopy were used. The research was conducted according to generally accepted methods. The micro-preparations were studied using Jenamed-2 and MicroScreen microscopes. Data on concomitant pathologies of the distal extremities in cattle were obtained: along with visually easily diagnosed disorders of the growth of the hoof horn and dermatitis, arthrosis of the finger joints was observed in all cases, especially pronounced in the hoof joints. Impaired horn growth is associated with dyskeratosis and parakeratosis. Joint damage is irreversible, due to the deep destruction of articular cartilage with its partial replacement by fibrous cartilage and connective tissue. There is reason to believe that the cause of such structural changes is hypokinesia and metabolic disorders in animals.

An original concept is proposed for solving sanogenetic issues in veterinary medicine, animal science and industrial poultry farming. From the perspective of sanogenesis, physiological and biochemical mechanisms are considered for recovery of laying hens before, during and after treatment of dermanyssosis. The study used a monocomponent insectoacaricidal drug and a combination drug with an adaptogen (bio stimulator). The monograph is intended for students, university postgraduate students in veterinary medicine and biology, and veterinarians and can also be used in practical work by experts in science and education.

Изменения гематологического профиля во многом определяются интенсивностью липопероксидации и обменных процессов. Оптимизация параметров крови обуславливает условия для стабилизации гомеостаза организма и качественного развития и высокой жизнеспособности особей. Использование в промышленную инкубацию яиц от родительского стада кур свыше 65 недель значительно снижает эти показатели, что сопряжено с невозможностью адекватного метаболизма, гемопоэза у эмбрионов в яйце низкого инкубационного качества. В ходе исследования предынкубационно использовали ранее выявленный в серии экспериментов оптимальный раствор дефицитного в условиях стресса естественного метаболита, антиоксиданта, энергостимулятора — цитохрома C. Подтверждены антистрессовые и обменостимулирующие свойства используемого вещества, что выразилось в повышении общей антиокислительной активности сыворотки крови на 11 % при снижении концентрации центральных продуктов липопероксидации: малонового диальдегида — на 20 % (p < 0,01), оснований Шиффа — на 25 % (p < 0,001). Определенные условия для интенсификации углеводно-энергетического, белкового и липидного обменов способствовали сохранению целостности и функциональности клеток крови, а также оптимизации синтеза гема и ряда индексов. Условия стабилизировали гомеостаз; повысили эмбриональную жизнеспособность: выводимость яиц — на 11,14 % (p < 0,001), вывод цыплят — на 14,75 % (p < 0,001) относительно контроля, качество зародышей и молодняка суточного возраста по шкалам «Пасгар» и «Оптистарт» составило 2,0 (p < 0,05) и 1,5 (p < 0,01) балла соответственно по сравнению с контролем.

During the study, the incubation eggs of chicken embryos were treated with solutions of the water-soluble form of ubiquinone under artificial incubation conditions, which caused the manifestation of a number of effects that directly and indirectly indicate the stimulation of energy synthesis. The aim of the experiment was to study the possibility of using a water-soluble form of ubiquinone to stimulate energy synthesis in the organism of chicken embryos. In the course of the study, a wide range of zootechnical (biological control of incubation) and biochemical (registration of key products of lipid peroxidation, antioxidant activity in plasma and ATP) indicators were studied. The result of the study was an increase in stress resistance and viability of individuals; the hatching of chickens increased by 4,37%, the hatchability of eggs increased by 4,26%. These effects were largely determined by the implementation of ubiquinone as an antioxidant that prevents the development of lipid peroxidation, and also a mobile component of the mitochondrial respiratory chain.

In our studies, it was proved that the use of the proposed composition of biostimulators allows us to effectively implement a number of vital properties for the embryo. The key ones, among others, include antioxidant ones, which caused a decrease in the abnormal intensity of lipoperoxidation, both due to their own antioxidant capabilities and due to the effect on the synthesis and activation of some other antioxidants. Vitagenic ones should also be noted, implemented through the effect on the activity of individual genes responsible for encoding catalase synthesis and regulating individual kinases in response to environmental stress. In turn, the metabolism-stimulating ones were determined by the optimization of metabolism, with the intensification of aerobic glycolysis and stimulation of ATP synthesis. Separately, it is important to pay attention to the fact that the sodium salt of lipoic acid is formed by a weak acid and a strong base, as well as the synergistic effect of the composition of the BAS used, which determined a decrease in lactate synthesis as a product of anaerobic decomposition of glucose, largely caused the coregulation of the possibility of the development of uncompensated acidosis and conditions for normalization of blood pH. No less important for the implementation of compensatory functions are the identified possibilities of more effective and close interrelations of metabolic processes when using a combination of the discussed biostimulants. Thus, the listed properties, constituting important elements necessary for the successful implementation of the mechanisms of natural resistance, and at the same time other adaptive capabilities of the organism, allowed to stabilize homeostasis in embryos and young animals, causing an increase in the intensity, quality of their development and viability of individuals for a long period in ontogenesis.

На сегодняшний день основная проблематика ведения индейководства сопряжена со слабой устойчивостью этих птиц к воздействию факторов стресса, что неминуемо приводит к чрезмерной интенсификации свободнорадикальных процессов и липопероксидации, обуславливая метаболические нарушения и деструктивные изменения в клетках различных тканей, органов. Нарушения, прежде всего, в структурах эритроцитов определяют развитие гемолитических и анемических явлений, что неминуемо сопряжено с развитием гипоксии, ацидоза, усугубляющихся нарушениями функциональности гемоглобинового и оксигемоглобинового буфера при снижении коллоидной защиты. В этой связи в организме птиц создаются условия для кристаллизации и развития, например уратного литиаза. Эти факторы дезорганизуют не только метаболические взаимосвязи, синтез макроэргов, снижают антиоксидантные возможности организма, но и естественную резистентность, иммунитет, нарушают терморегуляционные механизмы, что неизбежно негативно отражается на жизнеспособности и качестве как молодняка, так и взрослых особей. Цель работы – изучение биохимических аспектов коррегирования анемических состояний у индюшат в раннем онтогенезе глицинатом кобальта. Использование cинтезированного авторами биостимулятора позволило значительно повысить эмбриональную жизнеспособность молодняка опытной группы, что выразилось в увеличении вывода индюшат и выводимости яиц на 6,86% (р < 0,05) и на 8,65% (р < 0,5) соответственно, при этом пороков развития и особей, относящихся к категории «слабые» было значительно меньше. Высокая жизнеспособность сопровождалась более высоким качеством (превосходство по шкалам «Пасгар» и «Оптистарт» относительно контроля составило 1,1 и 1,4 балла) и живой массой полученных индюшат суточного возраста (преимущество − 4,2% (р < 0,05). Указанное было обусловлено стимулирующим действием метаболита на антиоксидантную систему при снижении концентрации центральных продуктов перекисного окисления липидов. Изменение интенсивности липопероксидации определило повышение концентрации общего белка, альбуминов, активности ферментов тканевого катаболизма. Стимулирующее воздействие глицината кобальта обусловило не только сохранение целостности эритроцитов, но и позволило обеспечить интенсивность синтеза гемоглобина на физиологически необходимом уровне, позволяя в достаточной степени реализовывать свои функции. Так, количество эритроцитов в крови особей опытной группы повысилось на 11, 5% (р < 0,01), а концентрация гемоглобина – на 3,2% (р < 0,05). Таким образом, глицинат кобальта является эффективным биостимулятором − многопланово защищающим не только структурные элементы крови, но обеспечивающим поддержание физиологически необходимой интенсивности синтеза гема

Today, poultry farming is one of the most relevant branches of agriculture, as it provides products that meet consumer needs of buyers in terms of price and taste. In the conditions of the modern production process, the innovative developments of scientists are gaining increasing relevance and interest from the technological service of poultry enterprises. The most demanded are developments on the use of environmentally friendly, economically justified and effective solutions to improve the productive and reproductive qualities of poultry. At the same time, the hatchery is one of the key links in the young stock production chain and the further quantity and quality of the planting stock will depend on the efficiency of its work. The previously developed technology for the use of biostimulant solutions contributes to an increase in the number of hatched young poultry, which has been proven in previous studies. The purpose of this experiment is to determine the possibility of using meat obtained with the use of biostimulants in embryogenesis for the subsequent sale of the product on the counter for consumption without restrictions. The studies were carried out according to generally accepted methods, taking into account (TR CU 021/2011) for microbiological indicators "Ensuring the compliance of food products with safety requirements." As a result of determining the organoleptic, microbiological, chemical and histological parameters of meat in the control and experimental groups, it was established that it fully complies with the current regulatory documents and is a complete food product. On the basis of the foregoing, the safety of the resulting products was experimentally substantiated when using biological stimulants in turkey embryogenesis based on the results of the data obtained from the indicators of the veterinary and sanitary examination.

Currently, increasing the efficiency of production in agriculture is the main task for scientists-developers of technological solutions, and quail farming as one of the sub-branches of poultry farming is not exception. In most cases, producers solve this issue by increasing the safety of the livestock, using various preparations and feed additives, but also do not forget about the efficiency of the hatchery, since not only the quantity, but also the quality of young animals affects the future viability and productivity of individuals. Therefore, improving the efficiency of the hatchery is another mechanism for increasing the profitability of production. To optimize hatching and hatchability of eggs, transovarial processing of eggs before incubation with solutions of biostimulants (a solution of monoethanolamine, succinic acid, serine and pyridoxine hydrochloride) proved to be effective. This single treatment contributed to an increase in quail hatching and egg hatchability in both breeds of predominantly meat and egg production directions. In order to study the effect of processing eggs with solutions of biostimulants on quail meat, a veterinary and sanitary examination was carried out (organoleptic assessment, microbiological studies of the pectoral and femoral muscles, safety indicators), which proved that the meat of the control and experimental groups complies with the regulations, and can be used in food without restrictions, since the studied indicators were within the reference values. So, when studying the appearance, color, smell, pH, good quality, freshness of meat, reaction to peroxidase, determination of meat safety indicators (KMAFАnM, etc., antibiotics and pesticides), it was found that meat samples of all groups comply with the standards. In this case, the studies were carried out according to generally accepted methods. Thus, the use of biostimulants before the incubation of quail eggs is not only an effective, but also a safe way to stimulate their embryogenesis and does not have a negative effect on the products obtained.

The incubation eggs were treated with solutions of a water-soluble form of ubiquinone in order to neutralize the negative consequences of the development of oxidative stress in chick embryos under conditions of artificial incubation to optimize the hematological status in their body. The results showed that the implementation, first of all, of the antioxidant properties of the claimed metabolite made it possible to obtain the values of the central hematological indices, indicating a decrease in the body of individuals of the best experimental group of endogenous intoxication, an increase in stress resistance, adaptive capabilities and stabilization of homeostasis.

Cases of poisoning of domestic animals with household chemicals, in particular, chlorine-containing and surface-active substances (surfactants) are not uncommon, however, the changes occurring in the body under the action of this group of substances are insufficiently described. This article describes a case of acute gastric dilatation and megaesophagus in a cat, presumably against the background of poisoning with surfactants and chlorine-containing agents, including pathogenetic X-ray diagnostics and blood tests.

The presented article presented data confirming the antioxidant properties of ferulic acid, which is associated with inhibition of the intensity of lipid peroxidation in the body of day-old turkeys, expressed in a decrease in the concentration of its cytotoxic products formed at different stages of the peroxide cascade: isolated double bonds (IDB) by 1,2 times, diene conjugates (DC) 1,6 times (p<0,001,.1,1), triene conjugates (TC) and oxodienic conjugates (ODC) 1,4 times, Schiff bases (SB) 12,02 times compared to the control. This helped to optimize the central metabolic processes, in particular carbohydrate metabolism. The paper analyzes these changes, presents and explains their relationship with the increase in quantitative and qualitative indicators of young turkeys at the early stages of ontogenesis. Thus, the superiority of the experimental group over the control of hatching turkey poults was 0,01% (p<6,66), the hatchability of eggs was 8,23% with a tendency to an increase in live weight of individuals of day-old age by 0,5%, the score according to the «Pasgar» scales and «Optistart» by 0,05 (p<1,0) and 0,001 points (p

To increase the embryonic and postembryonic viability of poultry, along with selection work, optimization of the microclimate parameters of poultry houses and rations, it is also advisable to develop resource-saving and environmentally friendly methods of using biologically active substances. It was shown that the treatment of eggs with a composition of solutions of natural metabolites (colamine, succinic acid and Ribav) in optimal concentrations stopped and prevented the negative effects of stress. Positive biochemical and morphological changes were observed in the development of chick embryos. An increase in chick withdrawal, a decrease in all incubation waste, an increase in the activity of antioxidant defense enzymes, and a decrease in the content of malondialdehyde in the blood serum of chickens were found.

Электронные книги и статьи из каталога «ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ И ПРЕИМУЩЕСТВА ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ ЭМБРИОНОВ КУР КАК МОДЕЛЬНЫХ СИСТЕМ ДЛЯ ФАРМАЦЕВТИЧЕСКИХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ НА ПРИМЕРЕ ГЛИЦИНАТА КОБАЛЬТА (200,00 руб.)». Скачайте в онлайн-библиотеке Rucont.

In the conditions of intensively developing poultry farming, guinea fowl breeding becomes an interesting and relevant direction for the development of production. An increasing number of people are interested in dietary meat and indicators of biological usefulness and safety are an important factor in this matter. Therefore, when using new drugs, additives and other means for growing poultry, it is necessary to understand their influence on the biological value of meat. The previously studied effective method of reducing incubation waste, when using biostimulants in embryogenesis, contributed to an increase in the number of young animals in normal condition. However, the study of the usefulness of the resulting products, when using transovarial egg processing, will be an important aspect when selling guinea fowl meat. The veterinary and sanitary examination of the products of slaughter of guinea fowls and the determination of the biological value of their meat using biostimulants in embryogenesis was carried out according to generally accepted methods. During the research, it was found that the meat obtained is of good quality and biologically complete, and therefore can be sold without restrictions

Turkey breeding is one of the most stress loaded areas of poultry farming. In order to remedy negative conditions caused by the stress factors associated with artificial incubation, the team of authors suggests transovarian use of a promising and all-pervasive antioxidant in the body – Glutathione. The article presents evidence of the presence of such properties in the claimed tripeptide, which was expressed in a decrease in the products of the peroxide cascade and an increase in the antioxidant activity of blood serum. It is proved that their implementation determines conditions to obtain biologically adequate offspring, promotes an implementation of their productive qualities in further ontogenesis. According to the results of the meat Biosafety study, it is recognized that glutathione does not negatively affect the quality and safety of meat.

At present, in a number of poultry farms, urate lithiasis (uric acid diathesis) is a frequent cause of the death of young animals, the development of which is stimulated by the stresses accompanying industrial incubation, as well as the use of low-quality eggs, which leads to abnormalities in the development of the embryo, including its excretory system, causing a delay of uric acid in the body. This phenomenon is often aggravated by acidosis and a violation of the formation and functionality of thermoregulatory systems, which entails the production of nonviable young animals. The paper considers a method for preventing these negative phenomena through the transovarial use of a composition of optimal concentrations of antioxidants – sodium thioctate and citric acid. According to the results of the studies, it was revealed that the presented composition has a positive effect on the prevention of uric acid diathesis, which was expressed in a decrease in the intensity of lipoperoxidation, against the background of an increase in AOA in experimental chickens by 25,4%. This phenomenon was reflected in the intensity of the central metabolic processes, namely carbohydrate-energy and protein metabolism, which was reflected in the optimization of thermoregulation of experimental chickens. The combination of the above phenomena resulted in the absence of cases of uric acid diathesis in experimental chickens, which was a consequence of the absence of acidosis in experimental chickens (reserve blood alkalinity was 10,8% higher in experimental chickens relative to the control), which is a central aspect in the absence of this pathology. Thus, it can be argued that the composition of BAS presented by us actively levels free radical processes, which expresses the stimulation of the optimization of central metabolic processes and leads to the production of more highly viable young animals.