BACKGROUND:The provision of specialized trauma teams for the care of severely injured patients is mandatory according to the requirements of the S3 guidelines polytrauma and the composition is determined by the White Book Medical Care of the Severely Injured (Weißbuch Schwerverletztenversorgung). In each level of care the basic resuscitation room team is composed of four disciplines: orthopedics and trauma surgery, anesthesia, radiology and emergency medicine in the emergency department. MATERIAL AND METHODS:A prospective, multicenter observational study was conducted in 12 supraregional trauma centers in Germany and Switzerland, where a total of 3753 patients were treated in the emergency department following accidents. Amongst them 964 patients (26%) were treated after prior trauma team activation. RESULTS:In 94.7% of the trauma room care instances all 4 required disciplines were present, with an average of 6.6 individuals involved in the trauma room care. The 48‑h mortality rate was 3% among patients receiving trauma room care. In all deceased patients, all four disciplines were present during the trauma room care. At least one or more high-risk criteria for serious injuries were present in 40.8% of the patients. In these cases, a complete team consisting of all 4 disciplines was involved in 97.7% of the care instances. CONCLUSION:In nearly 98% of cases where high-risk criteria for serious injuries (category A activation criteria) all 4 required disciplines were present in the trauma room for patient care. This was associated with an average resource commitment of 6.6 individuals. The absence of one or more disciplines in trauma room care does not appear to significantly affect early mortality in the severely injured.

Background/Objective: This prospective, multicenter observational cohort study was carried out in 12 trauma centers in Germany and Switzerland. Its purpose was to evaluate the rate of undertriage, as well as potential consequences, and relate these with different Trauma Team Activation Protocols (TTA-Protocols), as this has not been done before in Germany. Methods: Each trauma center collected the data during a three-month period between December 2019 and February 2021. All 12 participating hospitals are certified as supra-regional trauma centers. Here, we report a subgroup analysis of undertriaged patients. Those included in the study were all consecutive adult patients (age ≥ 18 years) with acute trauma admitted to the emergency department of one of the participating hospitals by the prehospital emergency medical service (EMS) within 6 h after trauma. The data contained information on age, sex, trauma mechanism, pre- and in-hospital physiology, emergency interventions, emergency surgical interventions, intensive care unit (ICU) stay, and death within 48 h. Trauma team activation (TTA) was initiated by the emergency medical services. This should follow the national guidelines for severe trauma using established field triage criteria. We used various denominators, such as ISS, and criteria for the appropriateness of TTA to evaluate the undertriage in four groups. Results: This study included a total of 3754 patients. The average injury severity score was 5.1 points, and 7.0% of cases (n = 261) presented with an injury severity score (ISS) of 16+. TTA was initiated for a total of 974 (26%) patients. In group 1, we evaluated how successful the actual practice in the EMS was in identifying patients with ISS 16+. The undertriage rate was 15.3%, but mortality was lower in the undertriage cohort compared to those with a TTA (5% vs. 10%). In group 2, we evaluated the actual practice of EMS in terms of identifying patients meeting the appropriateness of TTA criteria; this showed a higher undertriage rate of 35.9%, but as seen in group 1, the mortality was lower (5.9% vs. 3.3%). In group 3, we showed that, if the EMS were to strictly follow guideline criteria, the rate of undertriage would be even higher (26.2%) regarding ISS 16+. Using the appropriateness of TTA criteria to define the gold standard for TTA (group 4), 764 cases (20.4%) fulfilled at least one condition for retrospective definition of TTA requirement. Conclusions: Regarding ISS 16+, the rate of undertriage in actual practice was 15.3%, but those patients did not have a higher mortality.

Die Bereitstellung spezialisierter Schockraumteams zur primären Schwerverletztenversorgung ist nach heutigem Standard auch unter Inkaufnahme eines hohen Ressourcenaufwandes obligat. Insbesondere die Nutzung von Alarmierungskriterien nach dem Unfallhergang führt vermehrt zur Übertriage. Ziel der Studie ist die Bewertung von Kriterien nach dem Unfallhergang hinsichtlich ihrer Eignung für eine bedarfsgerechte Schockraumalarmierung. Bei der vorliegenden Studie handelt es sich um eine prospektive, multizentrische, nichtinterventionelle Querschnittstudie. Die Datenerhebung erfolgte in 12 überregionalen Traumazentren in Deutschland und der Schweiz über einen papierbasierten Erhebungsbogen mit anschließender anonymisierter Zusammenfassung in einer webbasierten Datenbank. Als Referenz zur Analyse der Notwendigkeit einer Schockraumaktivierung wurden die neu definierten NIS-Post-hoc-Konsensuskriterien (TAcTIC-Kriterien) genutzt. Von den Schockraumalarmierungskriterien der S3-Leitlinie 2016 für ein moderates Risiko schwerer Verletzungen (MRSI), Grad-B-Kriterien, hatten „Sturz aus über drei Metern Höhe“ („positive predictive value“, PPV 32

Background. With increasing utilisation and current changes in German emergency care, standardised recording of relevant key figures in emergency departments (EDs) is crucial. Objectives. Consensus of key figures and technical implementation of an automated reporting for EDs that participate in the AKTIN Emergency Department Data Registry are described. The aim was a balanced monthly report for medical controlling and quality management of an ED. Materials and methods. The basis is the Emergency Department Medical Record V2015.1 of the German Interdisciplinary Association for Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine (DIVI). Consensus on key figures was reached based on external references and professional expertise. The technical development was based on a test dataset. The final report is created in PDF format automatically using R and Apache Formatting Objects Processor (FOP). Results. The report contains, for example, information on case numbers, patient demographics, presenting complaints, acuity assessment, disposition and selected process indicators, presented as tables and graphs. It is generated automatically from the routine data on a monthly basis or on request. Missing values and outliers are shown separately in order to assess data quality. Conclusions. The monthly AKTIN report is an instrument that summarises and visualises the work load and care provided in an ED. The key figures are a suitable and pragmatic approach and also reflect the requirements of the Federal Joint Committee for initial acuity assessment. The use of interoperability standards allows for the use of routine medical data, ensures independence from individual information technology (IT) systems and may serve as a basis for cross-institutional benchmarking.

Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Vor dem Hintergrund der steigenden Inanspruchnahme und aktuellen Veränderungen in der Notfallversorgung ist eine standardisierte Erfassung relevanter Kennzahlen in Notaufnahmen zwingend erforderlich. Ziel der Arbeit Es werden die Konsentierung von Inhalten und technische Umsetzung eines automatisierten Reportings für Notaufnahmen des AKTIN-Notaufnahmeregisters beschrieben. Ziel war ein aussagefähiger Monatsbericht zur Prozesssteuerung und Qualitätssicherung. Material und Methoden Datengrundlage ist der Datensatz Notaufnahme V2015.1 der Deutschen Interdisziplinären Vereinigung für Intensiv- und Notfallmedizin e. V. (DIVI). Die Konsentierung der Inhalte erfolgte auf Basis von externen Referenzen und fachlicher Expertise; die technische Entwicklung erfolgte anhand eines Testdatensatzes. Mit der Software R und Apache Formatting Objects Processor (FOP) wird der finale Bericht im PDF-Format automatisiert erstellt. Ergebnisse Der Bericht enthält unter anderem Angaben zu Fallzahlen, Demografie der Patienten, Vorstellungsgründen, Ersteinschätzung, Verbleib und ausgewählten Prozesszeiten in Form von Tabellen und Grafiken. Er wird monatsweise automatisch oder auf Anforderung aus den Routinedaten generiert. Fehlende Werte und Ausreißer werden zur Abschätzung der Datenqualität separat ausgewiesen. Diskussion Beim AKTIN-Monatsbericht handelt es sich um ein Instrument, welches das Versorgungsgeschehen aufbereitet und visualisiert. Die konsentierten Kennzahlen sind praxistauglich und bilden auch die Vorgaben des Gemeinsamen Bundesausschusses zur Ersteinschätzung ab. Die Nutzung von Interoperabilitätsstandards erlaubt eine automatische Erfassung im Alltag, gewährleistet eine Unabhängigkeit von einzelnen IT-Systemen und kann als Grundlage für ein klinikübergreifendes Benchmarking dienen.

Introduction In order to improve the quality of criteria for trauma-team-activation it is necessary to identify patients who benefited from the treatment by a trauma team. Therefore, we evaluated a post hoc criteria catalogue for trauma-team-activation which was developed in a consensus process by an expert group and published recently. The objective was to examine whether the catalogue can identify patients that died after admission to hospital and therefore can benefit of a specialized trauma team mostly. Materials and Method The catalogue was applied to the data of 75,613 patients from the TraumaRegister DGU ® between the 01/2007 and 12/2016 with a maximum Abbreviated Injury Score (AIS) severity ≥ 2. The endpoint was hospital mortality, which was defined as death before discharge from acute care. Results The TraumaRegister DGU ® dataset contains 18 of the 20 proposed criteria within the catalogue which identified 99.6% of the patients who were admitted to the trauma room following an accident and who died during their hospital stay. Moreover, our analysis showed that at least one criterion was fulfilled in 59,785 cases (79.1%). The average ISS in this group was 21.2 points (SD 9.9). None of the examined criteria applied to 15,828 cases (average ISS 8.6; SD 5). The number of consensus-based criteria correlated with the severity of injury and mortality. Of all deceased patients (8,451), only 31 (0.37%) could not be identified on the basis of the 18 examined criteria. Where only one criterion was fulfilled, mortality was 1.7%; with 2 or more criteria, mortality was at least 4.6%. Discussion The consensus-based criteria identified nearly all patients who died as a result of their injuries. If only one criterion was fulfilled, mortality was relatively low. However, it increased to almost 5% if two criteria were fulfilled. Further studies are necessary to analyse and examine the relative weighting of the various criteria. Summary Our instrument is capable to identify severely injured patients with increased in-hospital mortality and injury severity. However, a minimum of two criteria needs to be fulfilled. Based on these findings, we conclude that the criteria list is useful for post hoc analysis of the quality of field triage in patients with severe injury.

Purpose An injury severity score (ISS) ≥ 16 alone, is commonly used post hoc to define the correct activation of a trauma team. However, abnormal vital functions and the requirement of life-saving procedures may also have a role in defining trauma team requirement post hoc. The aim of this study was to describe their prevalence and mortality in severely injured patients and to estimate their potential additional value in the definition of trauma team requirement as compared to the definition based on ISS alone. Methods Retrospective analysis of a trauma registry including patients with trauma team activation from the years 2009 until 2015, who were 16 years of age or older and were brought to the trauma center directly from the scene. Patients were divided into a group with an ISS ≥ 16 vs. ISS < 16. For analysis a predefined list of abnormal vital functions and life-saving interventions was used. Results 58,723 patients were included in the study ( N = 32,653 with ISS ≥ 16; N = 26,070 with ISS < 16). From the total number of patients that required life-saving procedures or presented with abnormal vital functions 29.1% were found in the ISS < 16 group. From the ISS < 16 group, 36.7% of patients required life-saving procedures or presented with abnormal vital signs. The mortality of those was 8.1%. Conclusions Defining the true requirement of trauma team activation post hoc by using ISS ≥ 16 alone does miss a considerable number of subjects who require life-saving interventions or present with abnormal vital functions. Therefore, life-saving interventions and abnormal vital functions should be included in the definitions for trauma team requirement. Further studies have to evaluate, which life-saving procedures and abnormal vital functions are most relevant.

The original version of this article unfortunately contained some mistakes.

Die kinetische Therapie und die intermittierende Bauchlagerung sind in Situationen des protrahierten Lungenversagens auf dem Boden eines ARDS erfolgreiche Therapiestrategien, die zu einer wesentlichen Verbesserung der Lungenfunktion führen. Viele dieser Therapiestrategien sind nicht nur durch die Notwendigkeit hoher Sach- und Personalressourcen gekennzeichnet, sondern zeigen in der Durchführung auch eine hohe Komplikationsanfälligkeit in Form iatrogener Hautschäden, Dislokationen von pul­monalen oder intravasalen Zugängen sowie einer erhöhten Dekubitusinzidenz. Diese Problematik führte zu der Entwicklung einer Lagerungsform, die neben der Verbesserung der Lungenfunktion im Vergleich mit anderen wirksamen Formen der Lagerungstherapie entscheidende Vorteile zeigt.