The simple, accurate and precise method for the quantitative determination of Rabeprazole sodium (RP) and Itopride hydrochloride (IH), from its tablet dosage form by HPTLC method, the chromatograms were developed using a mobile phase of Ethyl acetate: Methanol: Ammonia (8.5:1:0.5 v/v) on precoated plate of silica gel 60 F254 and quantified by densitometric absorbance mode at 285 nm. The Rf values of IH and RP were 0.21 and 0.41 respectively. Linearity of Itopride hydrochloride (IH) and Rabeprazole sodium (RP) was in the range of 75 -375 ng/ml and 10 -50 ng/ml. Recovery studies of 98.88 – 102.41%, percentile relative std deviation of not more than 0.8 and correlation coefficient (linearity range) of 0.9954 – 0.9999 for IH and RP, it shows that developed methods were accurate and precise. The LOD and LOQ values were found to be 10ng/ml, 30ng/ml and 5ng/ml, 10ng/ml for IH and RP respectively. The mean percentage recovery values close to 100% it indicates there is no interferences of additives with Rabeprazole sodium (RP) and Itopride hydrochloride (IH) present in tablet dosage forms. The method has been validated as per ICH guide lines. This method can be employed for the routine analysis of tablets containing IH and RP.

The simple, accurate and precise method for Simultaneous quantification of Nebivolol hydrochloride ( NEB-H) and Amlodipine Besylate (AML) in tablets by HPTLC methods were developed In this method, the chromatograms were developed using a mobile phase of Methylene Chloride : Methanol : Ammonia ( 8.5:1:0.5 v/v ) on precoated plate of silica gel 60 F 254 and quantified by densitometric absorbance mode at 285 nm. The R f of AML and NEB-H were 0.19 and 0.41 respectively. Recovery studies of 99.96 – 102.11%, percentile relative standard deviation of not more than 0.8 and correlation coefficient (linearity range) of 0.9984 – 0.9998 shows that developed methods were accurate and precise for AML and NEB-H respectively. The LOD and LOQ values were found to be 30ng/ml, 30ng/ml and 80ng/ml, 80ng/ml for AML and NEB-H respectively. The mean percentage recovery values close to 100% it indicates there is no interferences of additives with Nebivolol hydrochloride (NEB-H) and Amlodipine Besylate (AML) present in tablet dosage forms. The method has been validated as per ICH guide lines. This method can be employed for the routine analysis of tablets containing AML and NEB-H.

Simultaneous quantification of nebivolol hydrochloride (NEB-H) and hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) in tablets by UV spectroscopy, RP-HPLC and HPTLC methods were developed. In UV spectrophotometric determination NEB-H and HCT was quantified by simultaneous equation method and absorbance ratio method. In simultaneous equation method absorbance measurements at 282.5 nm (λmax NEB-H) and 271.5 nm (λmax HCT), in absorbance ratio method absorbance measurements at 282.5 nm and 275 nm (iso absorptive point) in methanol. In RP-HPLC method, the drugs were resolved using a mobile phase of 30 mM phosphate buffer (K2HPO4), acetonitrile and triethylamine (50:50:0.1 % v/v) with pH 5.5 using orthophosphoric acid on a C18-ODS- Phenomenex (5 μm, 250 mm x 4.6 mm) column in isocratic mode, Atorvastatin (ATR) used as a internal standard. The retention time of HCT, NEB-H and ATR was 3.31, 4.30 and 6.93 min respectively. In the HPTLC method, the chromatograms were developed using a mobile phase of ethyl acetate: methanol: ammonia (8.5:1:0.5 v/v) on precoated plate of silica gel 60 F254 and quantified by densitometric absorbance mode at 285 nm. The Rf of HCT and NEB-H were 0.21 and 0.41 respectively. Recovery studies of 98.88-102.41%, percentage relative std deviation of not more than 0.8 and correlation coefficient (linearity range) of 0.9954-0.9999 shows that developed methods were accurate and precise. These methods can be employed for the routine analysis of tablets containing NEB-H and HCT.

A simple reverse phase liquid chromatographic method has been developed and subsequently validated for simultaneous determination of ceftriaxone and sulbactam in parenteral preparation. The separation was carried out using a mobile phase consisting of phosphate buffer pH 3.5 adjusted with ortho phosphoric acid and acetonitrile (35:65). The column used was Kromasil C(8), 5 mu, 15 cm x 4.6 mm id with flow rate of 1 mL/min using PDA detection at 215 nm. The described method was linear over a concentration range of 50-250 and 100-500 mu g/mL for the assay of sulbactam and ceftriaxone, respectively. Ibuprofen (50 mu g/mL) was used as internal standard. The retention times of sulbactam, ceftriaxone and ibuprofen were found to be 2.3, 4.2 and 5.1 min, respectively. Results of analysis were validated statistically and by recovery studies. The limit of quantification (LOQ) for ceftriaxone and sulbactam were found to be 20 and 10 mu g/mL, respectively. The results of the study showed that the proposed RP-HPLC method is simple, rapid, precise and accurate, which is useful for the routine determination of ceftriaxone and sulbactam bulk drug and in its pharmaceutical dosage form.

The present study described simple, sensitive, rapid and economical spectrophotometric methods A, B and C for the estimation of Ezetimibe in pharmaceutical formulations. Method A was based on the reaction of Ezetimibe with ferric chloride and 1,10-phenanthroline to form a red coloured chromogen. Method B was based on the reaction of Ezetimibe with ferric chloride and 2,2'-bipyridyl to form a red coloured chromogen. Method C was based on the reduction of ferric ions of the reagent ferric chloride to ferrous ions by Ezetimibe, which further in the presence of potassium ferricyanide produced blue coloured chromogen. All the three methods above exhibited maximum absorption at 530, 545 and 710nm, respectively, and obeyed Beer's law in the concentration range of 5-25, 10-50 and 2-10mcg/ ml, respectively. The methods were statistically evaluated and found to be precise and accurate.

Rb+ to Rb2+ and 2K(+) to K+K2+ each provide a reaction with a net enthalpy equal to the potential energy of atomic hydrogen. The presence of these gaseous ions with thermally dissociated hydrogen formed a plasma having strong VUV emission with a stationary inverted Lyman population. Significant Balmer a line broadening of 18 and 12 eV was observed from a rt-plasma of hydrogen with KNO3 and RbNO3 respectively, compared to 3eV from a hydrogen microwave plasma. The reaction was exothermic since excess power of about 20 mW/cc was measured by Calvet calorimetry. We propose an energetic catalytic reaction involving a resonance energy transfer between hydrogen atoms and Rb+ or 2K+ to form a very stable novel hydride ion. Its predicted binding energy of 3.0468eV with the fine structure was observed at 4071 A and its predicted bound-free hyperfine structure lines E-HF = j(2)3.00213 X 10(-5) + 3.0563 eV (j is an integer) matched those observed for j = 1 to j = 37 to within a 1 part per 104. Characteristic emission from each catalyst was observed. This catalytic reaction may pump a cw HI laser.

Two simple, accurate and precise methods for simultaneous estimation of nebivolol hydrochloride (NEB-H) and hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) in combined dosage form have been described. First method employs formation and solving of Q-absorbance equation at 275 nm (isoabsorptive point) and at 282.5 nm (lambda(max) of NEB-H). The second method involves formation and solving of simultaneous equation using 282.5 and 271.5 nm (lambda(max) of HCT) using methanol as solvent. The result of analysis has been validated statistically and by recovery studies with standard deviation < 1.0 % was found. The proposed methods were successfully applied for estimation of nebivolol hydrochloride and hydrochlorothiazide in combined tablet formulation.

The data from a broad spectrum of investigational techniques strongly and consistently indicates that hydrogen can exist in lower-energy states than previously thought possible. The predicted reaction involves a resonant, nonradiative energy transfer from otherwise stable atomic hydrogen to a catalyst capable of accepting the energy. The product is H(1/p), fractional Rydberg states of atomic hydrogen called "hydrino, atoms" wherein n = (1/2,1/3,1/4,... 1/p) (p <= 137 is an integer) replaces the well-known parameter n = integer in the Rydberg equation for hydrogen excited states. Atomic lithium and molecular NaH served as catalysts since they meet the catalyst criterion-a chemical or physical process with an enthalpy change equal to an integer multiple m of the potential energy of atomic hydrogen, 27.2 eV (e.g. m = 3 for Li and m = 2 for NaH). Specific predictions based on closed form equations for energy levels of the corresponding hydrino hydride ions H-(1/4) of novel alkali halido hydrino hydride compounds (MH*X; M = Li or Na, X = halide) and molecular hydrino H-2(1/4) were tested using chemically generated catalysis reactants.First, Li catalyst was tested. Li and LiNH2 were used as a source of atomic lithium and hydrogen atoms. Using water-flow, batch calorimetry, the measured power from 1 g Li, 0.5 g LiNH2, 10 g LiBr, and 15 g Pd/Al2O3 was about 160 W with an energy balance of Delta H = -19.1 kJ. The observed energy balance was 4.4 times the maximum theoretical energy based on known chemistry. Next, Raney nickel (R-Ni) served as a dissociator when the power reaction mixture was used in chemical synthesis wherein LiBr acted as a getter of the catalysis product H(1/4) to form LiH*X as well as to trap H2(1/4) in the crystal. The ToF-SIMS showed LiH*X peaks. The H-1 MAS NMR of LiH*Br and LiH*I showed a large distinct upfield resonance at about -2.5 ppm that matched H-(1/4) in a LiX matrix. An NMR peak at 1.13 ppm matched interstitial H2(1/4), and the rotation frequency of H2(1/4) of 4 2 times that of ordinary H2 was observed at 1989 cm(-1) in the FTIR spectrum. The XPS spectrum recorded on the LiH*Br crystals showed peaks at about 9.5 eV and 12.3 eV that could not be assigned to any known elements based on the absence of any other primary element peaks, but matched the binding energy of H-(1/4) in two chemical environments. A further signature of the energetic process was the observation of the formation of a plasma called a resonant transferor rt-plasma at low temperatures (e.g. = 103 K) and very low field strengths of about 1-2 W cm when atomic Li was present with atomic hydrogen. Time-dependent line broadening of the H Balmer alpha line was observed corresponding to extraordinarily fast H(> 40 ev).NaH uniquely achieves high kinetics since the catalyst reaction relies on the release of the intrinsic H, which concomitantly undergoes the transition to form H(1/3) that further reacts to form H(1/4). High-temperature differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was performed on ionic NaH under a helium atmosphere at an extremely slow temperature ramp rate (0.1 degrees C/min) to increase the amount of molecular NaH formation. A novel exothermic effect of -177 kJ/mole NaH was observed in the temperature range of 640 degrees C-825 degrees C. To achieve high power, R-Ni having a surface area of about 100 m(2)/g was surface-coated with NaOH and reacted with Na metal to form NaH. Using water-flow, batch calorimetry, the measured power from 15 g of R-Ni was about 0.5 kW with an energy balance of Delta H = -36 kJ compared to Delta H approximate to 0 kJ from the R-Ni starting material, R-NiAl alloy, when reacted with Na metal. The observed energy balance of the NaH reaction was -1.6 x 10(4) kJ/mole H-2, over 66 times the -241.8 kJ/mole H-2 enthalpy of combustion. With an increase in NaOH doping to 0.5 wt%, the Al of the R-Ni intermetallic served to replace Na metal as a reductant to generate the NaH catalyst. When heated to 60 degrees C, 15 g of the composite catalyst material required no additive to release 11.7 kJ) of excess energy and develop a power of 0.25 kW. The energy scaled linearly and the power increased nonlinearly wherein the reaction of 1 kg 0.5 wt% NaoH-doped R-Ni liberated 753.1 kJ of energy to develop a power in excess of 50 kW. Solution NMR on product gases dissolved in DMF-d7 showed H-2(1/4) at 1.2 ppm.The ToF-SIMs showed sodium hydrino hydride, NaH., peaks. The H-1 MAS NMR spectra of NaH*Br and NaH*Cl showed large distinct upfield resonance at -3.6 ppm and -4 ppm, respectively, that matched H-(1/4), and an NMR peak at 1.1 ppm matched H-2(1/4). NaH*Cl from reaction of NaCl and the solid acid KHSO4 as the only source of hydrogen comprised two fractional hydrogen states. The H-(1/4) NMR peak was observed at -3.97 ppm, and the H-(1/3) peak was also present at -3.15 ppm. The corresponding H-2(1/4) and H-2(1/3) peaks were observed at 1.15 ppm and 1.7 ppm, respectively. H-1 NMR of NaH*F dissolved in DMF-d7 showed isolated H-2(1/4) and H-(1/4) at 1.2 ppm and -3.86 ppm, respectively, wherein the absence of any solid matrix effect or the possibility of alternative assignments confirmed the solid NMR assignments. The XPS spectrum recorded on NaH*Br showed the H-(1/4) peaks at about 9.5 eV and 12.3 eV that matched the results from LiH*Br and KH*I; whereas, sodium hydrino hydride showed two fractional hydrogen states additionally having the H-(1/3) XPS peak at 6 eV in the absence of a halide peak. The predicted rotational transitions having energies of 4(2) times those of ordinary H-2 were also observed from H-2(1/4) which was excited using a 12.5 keV electron beam. (c) 2008 International Association for Hydrogen Energy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The data from a broad spectrum of investigational techniques strongly and consistently indicate that hydrogen can exist in lower-energy states than previously thought possible. The predicted reaction involves a resonant, nonradiative energy transfer from otherwise stable atomic hydrogen to a catalyst capable of accepting the energy. The product is H(1/p), fractional Rydberg states of atomic hydrogen wherein n=12,13,14,…,1/p (p⩽137 is an integer) replaces the well-known parameter n=integer in the Rydberg equation for hydrogen excited states. He+, Ar+, and K are predicted to serve as catalysts since they meet the catalyst criterion—a chemical or physical process with an enthalpy change equal to an integer multiple of the potential energy of atomic hydrogen, 27.2 eV. Specific predictions based on closed-form equations for energy levels were tested. For example, two H(1/p) may react to form H2(1/p) that have vibrational and rotational energies that are p2 times those of H2 comprising uncatalyzed atomic hydrogen. Rotational lines were observed in the 145–300 nm region from atmospheric pressure electron-beam-excited argon–hydrogen plasmas. The unprecedented energy spacing of 42 times that of hydrogen established the internuclear distance as 14 that of H2 and identified H2(1/4). The predicted products of alkali catalyst K are H-(1/4) which form KH*X, a novel alkali halido (X) hydride compound, and H2(1/4) which may be trapped in the crystal. The 1H MAS NMR spectrum of novel compound KH*Cl relative to external tetramethylsilane (TMS) showed a large distinct upfield resonance at -4.4ppm corresponding to an absolute resonance shift of -35.9ppm that matched the theoretical prediction of H(1/4) with p=4. The predicted frequencies of ortho- and para-H2(1/4) were observed at 1943 and 2012cm-1 in the high-resolution FTIR spectrum of KH*I having a -4.6ppm NMR peak assigned to H-(1/4). The 1943/2012cm-1-intensity ratio matched the characteristic ortho-to-para-peak-intensity ratio of 3:1, and the ortho–para splitting of 69cm-1 matched that predicted. KH*Cl having H-(1/4) by NMR was incident to the 12.5 keV electron beam which excited similar emission of interstitial H2(1/4) as observed in the argon–hydrogen plasma. KNO3 and Raney nickel were used as a source of K catalyst and atomic hydrogen, respectively, to produce the corresponding exothermic reaction. The energy balance was ΔH=-17925kcal/mol KNO3, about 300 times that expected for the most energetic known chemistry of KNO3, and -3585kcal/molH2, over 60 times the hypothetical maximum enthalpy of -57.8kcal/molH2 due to combustion of hydrogen with atmospheric oxygen, assuming the maximum possible H2 inventory. The reduction of KNO3 to water, potassium metal, and NH3 calculated from the heats of formation only releases -14.2kcal/molH2 which cannot account for the observed heat; nor can hydrogen combustion. But, the results are consistent with the formation of H-(1/4) and H2(1/4) having enthalpies of formation of over 100 times that of combustion.

The data from a broad spectrum of investigational techniques strongly and consistently indicate that hydrogen can exist in lower-energy states then previously thought possible. Novel emission lines with energies of q·13.6eV where q=1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9,11 were previously observed by extreme ultraviolet (EUV) spectroscopy recorded on microwave discharges of helium with 2% hydrogen [Mills RL, Ray P. Extreme ultraviolet spectroscopy of helium-hydrogen plasma. J Phys D 2003;36:1535–42]. These lines matched H(1/p), fractional Rydberg states of atomic hydrogen wherein n=12,13,14,…,1p; (p⩽137 is an integer) replaces the well-known parameter n=integer in the Rydberg equation for hydrogen excited states. Evidence supports that these states are formed by a resonant nonradiative energy transfer to He+ acting as a catalyst. Ar+ and K also serve as catalysts since, like He+, they meet the catalyst criterion—a chemical or physical process with an enthalpy change equal to an integer multiple of the potential energy of atomic hydrogen, 27.2eV.

This is the third in a series of papers by our team on apparently anomalous Balmer series line broadening in hydrogen containing RF generated, low-pressure (<600mTorr) plasmas. In this paper the selective broadening of the atomic hydrogen lines in pure H2 and Ar/H2 mixtures in a large general electronics conference (GEC)-type cell (36cm length ×14cm ID) was mapped as a function of position, H2/Ar ratio, time, power, and pressure. Several observations regarding the selective line broadening were particularly notable as they are unanticipated on the basis of earlier models. First, the anomalous broadening of the Balmer lines was found to exist throughout the plasma, and not just in the region between the electrodes. Second, the broadening was consistently a complex function of the operating parameters, particularly gas composition (highest in pure H2) position, power, and pressure. Clearly, not anticipated by earlier models were the findings that under some conditions the highest concentration of “hot” (>10eV) hydrogen was found at the gas entry end, and not in the high-field region between the electrodes, and that in other conditions, the hottest H was at the (exit) pump (also grounded electrode) end. Third, excitation and electron temperatures (measured optically) were less than 1eV in all regions of the plasma not directly adjacent (>1mm) to the electrodes, providing additional evidence that the energy for broadening, contrary to standard models, is not obtained from the electric field. Fourth, in contrast to our earlier studies of hydrogen/helium and water plasmas, we found that in some conditions 98% of the atomic hydrogen was in the “hot” state throughout the GEC-type cell. Virtually every operating parameter studied impacted the character of the hot H atom population. Clearly, second and third order effects exist, indicating a need for experimental design. Some non-field mechanisms for generating hot hydrogen atoms are outlined.

The data from a broad spectrum of investigational techniques strongly and consistently indicate that hydrogen can exist in lower-energy states than previously thought possible. The predicted reaction involves a resonant, nonradiative energy transfer from otherwise stable atomic hydrogen to a catalyst capable of accepting the energy. The product is H(1/p), fractional Rydberg states of atomic hydrogen wherein n = 1/2, 1/3, 1/4,..., 1/p (p <= 137 is an integer) replaces the well-known parameter n = integer in the Rydberg equation for hydrogen excited states. He+, Ar+, and K are predicted to serve as catalysts since they meet the catalyst criterion-a chemical or physical process with an enthalpy change equal to an integer multiple of the potential energy of atomic hydrogen, 27.2 eV. Specific predictions based on closed-form equations for energy levels were tested. For example, two H(1/p) may react to form H-2(1/p) that have vibrational and rotational energies that are p(2) times those of H-2 comprising uncatalyzed atomic hydrogen. Rotational lines were observed in the 145-300 nm region from atmospheric pressure electron-beam-xcited argon-hydrogen plasmas. The unprecedented energy spacing of 4(2) times that of hydrogen established the internuclear distance as 1/4 that of H-2 and identified H-2(1/4).The predicted products of alkali catalyst K are H- (1/4) which form KH*X, a novel alkali halido (X) hydride compound, and H-2 (1/4) which may be trapped in the crystal. The H-1 MAS NMR spectrum of novel compound KH*Cl relative to external tetramethylsilane (TMS) showed a large distinct upfield resonance at -4.4 ppm corresponding to an absolute resonance shift of -35.9 ppm that matched the theoretical prediction of H(1/4) with p = 4. The predicted frequencies of ortho- and para-H-2 (1/4) were observed at 1943 and 2012 cm(-1) in the high-resolution-FTIR spectrum of KH*I having a -4.6 ppm NMR peak assigned to H- (1/4). The 1943/2012 cm(-1)-intensity ratio matched the characteristic ortho-to-pata-peak-intensity ratio of 3:1, and the ortho-para splitting of 69 cm(-1) matched that predicted. KH*Cl having H-(1/4) by NMR was incident to the 12.5 keV electron beam which excited similar emission of interstitial H-2 (1/4) as observed in the argon-hydrogen plasma. KNO3 and Raney nickel were used as a source of K catalyst and atomic hydrogen, respectively, to produce the corresponding exothermic reaction. The energy balance was Delta H = -17 925 kcal/mol KNO3, about 300 times that expected for the most energetic known chemistry of KNO3, and -3585 kcal/mol H-2, over 60 times the hypothetical maximum enthalpy of -57.8 kcal/mol H-2 due to combustion of hydrogen with atmospheric oxygen, assuming the maximum possible H-2 inventory. The reduction of KNO3 to water, potassium metal, and NH3 calculated from the heats of formation only releases -14.2 kcal/mol H-2 which cannot account for the observed heat; nor can hydrogen combustion. But, the results are consistent with the formation of H-(1/4) and H-2(1/4) having enthalpies of formation of over 100 times that of combustion. C) 2007 International Association for Hydrogen Energy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Plasmas of certain catalysts such as Sr+ and Ar+ mixed with hydrogen were studied for evidence of a novel energetic reaction. These hydrogen plasmas called resonant transfer- or rt-plasmas were observed to form at low temperatures (e.g. ≈103K) and extraordinary low field strengths of about 1–2V/cm when argon and strontium were present with atomic hydrogen. Time-dependent line broadening of the H Balmer α line was observed corresponding to extraordinarily fast H (25eV). When an argon–hydrogen hollow-anode glow discharge plasma with strontium metal contained in the cell was optimized for Sr+ emission, an average hydrogen hot atom temperature of 50.2eV with a 83.5% population and an excess power of 28.5% of the input power were observed. Using water bath calorimetry, an excess power of 2.85W was measured on rt-plasmas with Sr+ and Ar+ as catalysts and atomic hydrogen as a reactant, compared with controls with no hydrogen and no catalyst present. The energy balance was high. Given an argon–hydrogen (95/5%) flow rate of 1.0sccm and an average excess power of 2.85W, energy balances of over -7.7×104kJ/mol H2 were measured.

From the width of the emitted 656.3 nm Balmer alpha line, it was found that low-pressure (0.5 torr) capacitively coupled radio-frequency (RF) He/H-2 (95/5%) as well as Ar/H-2 (95/5%) plasmas showed excess broadening throughout the volume (13.5 cm ID x 38 cm length) of a General Electronics Conference (GEC)-type cell, not merely in the vicinity of the electrodes of Ar/H-2 plasmas as reported by several groups. About 50% of the hydrogen of the He/H-2 Was 'hot' with an average hydrogen atom energy of 40-50 eV compared to similar to 1 eV for pure hydrogen, whereas Ar/H-2 showed a single fast or 'hot' 40-50 eV population. The broadening was undiminished at 15 cm from the powered electrode, independent of power over a substantial range. but dependent on the hydrogen concentration. In contrast to then, atomic hydrogen lines no broadening was observed in helium or argon lines. Also. in 'control' Xe/H-2 plasmas run in the same cell at similar pressures and absorbed power, no significant broadening of atomic hydrogen, Xe, or any other lines was observed. Stark broadening or acceleration of charged species due to high electric fields cannot explain the results since: (i) the electron density was insufficient by orders of magnitude, (ii) the RF field was essentially confined to the cathode fall region in contrast to the broadening that was independent of position, and (iii) only the atomic hydrogen lines were broadened. Rather. the data are consistent with a model wherein He+ and Ar+ act catalytically through a resonant energy transfer mechanism to create 'hot' hydrogen atoms in plasmas.

It was demonstrated that low pressure (~0.2 Torr) water vapor plasmas generated in a 10 mm inner diameter quartz tube with an Evenson microwave cavity show at least two features which are not explained by conventional plasma models. First, significant (> 0.25 nm) hydrogen Balmer_ line broadening, of constant width, up to 5 cm from the microwave coupler was recorded. Only hydrogen, and not oxygen, showed significant line broadening. This feature, observed previously in hydrogen-containing mixed gas plasmas generated with high voltage dc and rf discharges was explained by some researchers to result from acceleration of hydrogen ions near the cathode. This explanation cannot apply to the line broadening observed in the (electrodeless) microwave plasmas generated in this work, particularly at distances as great as 5 cm from the microwave coupler. Second, inversion of the line intensities of both the Lyman and Balmer series, again, at distances up to 5 cm from the coupler, were observed. The line inversion suggests the existence of a hitherto unknown source of pumping of the optical power in plasmas. Finally, it is notable that other aspects of the plasma including the OH* rotational temperature and low electron concentrations are quite typical of plasmas of this type.