To achieve rapid detection of carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli strains, a pattern recognition method based on electrospray ionization Orbitrap mass spectrometry (ESI-Orbitrap MS) was used for the analysis of drug-resistant, and sensitive strains of metabolites were analyzed. Results of five clustering methods applied to analytical data of metabolites were evaluated using iso-phenotypic coefficients. The effectiveness of three methods, principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), was compared. Univariate statistics such as t-test and fold change were also used to examine the screened differential information. Both PLS-DA and OPLS-DA could achieve rapid identification of strain classes, and OPLS-DA was more powerful in screening 96 significantly different ions. This work is expected to be useful for rapid and accurate identification of strains.

A rapid and accurate analytical method was established to identify CREC and CSEC. Orbitrap-MS was used to detect the polypeptide of CREC and CSEC strains, and MS data were analyzed by pattern recognition analyses such as hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). HCA based on the farthest distance method could well distinguish the two types of E. coli, and the cophenetic correlation coefficient of the farthest distance method was 0.901. Comparing the results of PCA, PLS-DA, and OPLS-DA, OPLS-DA exhibited the highest accuracy in predicting the CREC and CSEC strains. A total of 26 compounds were identified, and six of the compounds were the highly significant difference between the two types of strains. MS combined with pattern recognition can achieve a more comprehensive and efficient statistical analysis of complex biological samples.

RATIONALE:Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) was applied to the characterization of organic compounds in coal extracts at the molecular level. Large volumes of data obtained by FT-ICR MS were processed via statistical methods to extract valuable information on the molecular structures and compositions of organic compounds in coal.METHODS:A low-rank coal was subjected to ultrasonic extraction sequentially with six solvents to separate and enrich species with different molecular characteristics. Complex mass spectra of the six extracts were obtained by a FT-ICR MS system equipped with two ionization sources. Two multivariate statistical methods, hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) and principle component analysis (PCA), were introduced to mine useful information from the complex MS data and visually exhibit comprehensive molecular details in coal extracts.RESULTS:Similarities and differences between the 17 MS data sets from six coal extracts ionized by different ion sources were visually exhibited in plots via data processing using HCA and PCA. For HCA, all of the identified compounds were divided into seven classes (CH, O, N, S, ON, OS, and NS), and detailed differences in the relative abundance were revealed. In addition, PCA discriminated the differences in molecular composition for organic compounds from the six extracts.CONCLUSIONS:Multivariate statistical analysis is a promising methodology which can interpret the chemical composition of coals and coal derivatives at the molecular level, especially for the analysis of multiple complex samples presenting in a single plot.

A coal was extracted and thermally dissolved with cyclohexane, acetone and methanol sequentially. The ultrasonic extracts and thermal dissolution (TD) products were analyzed using an Orbitrap mass spectrometer (MS) with an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization source in positive ion mode. Large amounts of MS data were obtained but there were challenges in obtaining meaningful information from the data. The purpose of cluster analysis is to reduce complex multivariate data into meaningful groups. Two cluster analysis methods, hierarchical cluster analysis and expectation maximum algorithm based on Gaussian mixture model (EMGM), run by R language were introduced to obtain in-depth statistical results for compounds in both extracts and TD products. Seven types of heteroatomic compounds (O-1, O-2, N-1, S-1, O1N1, O1S1 and N1S1) in the extracts under the condition of ultrasonic extraction with cyclohexane were clustered with EMGM and possible structures of the related models can be inferred by analyzing the relationship between carbon number and double bond equivalent. The application of cluster analysis will provide methodological guidance in studying the structure of coal molecules.

The relative abundances of compound classes (e.g. CHO1, CHO2 and CHNO1) in fossil fuels have been widely used in previous researches based on the data from mass spectrometry (MS). However, such observations are susceptible to the ionization bias of MS due to the variation of ionization efficiency, which may affect the downstream quantitative analysis. Many efforts have been devoted to investigating the ionization efficiencies of a variety of model compounds, but not complex and diverse mixtures. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate how quantitatively ionization bias affects the MS analysis of complex mixtures. In this study, ionization bias was preliminarily investigated by comparing the elemental compositions obtained from MS-analysis via different ionization methods with the data acquired by a standard elemental analyzer. A coal-derived liquid and mixtures of five model compounds were ionized by atmospheric-pressure chemical ionization (APCI), electrospray ionization or direct analysis in real-time, followed by analyzing using a high-resolution Orbitrap MS to obtain elemental compositions. MS-based results via APCI ion source showed the closest elemental compositions to those obtained from the elemental analyzer. For the MS-based analysis, the abundances of S-and O-containing compounds were significantly lower and that of N-containing compounds was clearly higher compared to ultimate analysis. The abundances of compound classes were adjusted to provide a closer approximation of the actual contents, which might better serve for the downstream quantitative analysis. Although absolute quantification still needs additional work, the adjusted MS-based analysis provides not only the molecular level data, but also a better quantification ability compared to previous analytical approaches.

目的:观察贝母素甲（PM）对体外培养甲状腺相关眼病患者眼眶成纤维细胞（orbital fibroblast,OF）增殖的影响。方法:采用体外培养的正常人和甲状腺相关眼病患者的OF,将PM和阳性对照药物地塞米松（Dex）分成不同浓度组,以MTT法检测其对细胞增殖的影响。结果:对体外培养甲状腺相关眼病患者OF的增殖,PM具有与Dex相似的抑制作用,二者均有明显的剂量依赖性。但PM对甲状腺相关眼病患者OF增殖的抑制作用明显优于正常人（P＜0.05）,而Dex则无此选择性。结论:浙贝抑制了甲状腺相关眼病患者OF的增殖。

病例1男,65岁.13天前一只小虫飞入右眼,经用手揉眼后,次日感右眼磨痛,即去当地医院检查,见右眼角膜中下方上皮有米粒大小损伤,予氯霉素眼液点眼,4次/d.之后,渐进性羞明.5天前,症状加重,伴视力模糊,再去当地医院复查:VOD 4.4,右眼混合充血(++),角膜中下方黄豆大白色溃疡,边缘不齐,AR(+),前房无积脓.

AIM:To strengthen the recognizing of parannasal sinuses cancer diagnosed at ophthalmology first so as to get confirming and correct treatment earlier. METHODS:Nine cases with exophthalmos,who received diagnosis at ophthalmology first,were pursued systemic diseases.Auxiliary inspection was given purposefully at parannasal sinuses and orbital. RESULTS:Nine cases were confirmed to be parannasal sinuses cancer by CT scan,X-ray or MRI examination. CONCLUSION:It is easier to confirm parannasal sinuses cancer with proper auxiliary inspection to the patients with symptoms and signs at parannasal sinuses and eyes.

中医药治疗甲状腺相关眼病历史久远,疗效较好,现将近年中医药治疗该病的现状综述如下.

The corneal thermal burn is a common eye injury in peacetime and wartime,as the most serious corneal damage,it's treatment is difficult,and it will lead to a poor prognosis without being treated properly.In rencent years research shows that the advantage of the drugs treatment reflects before the deep structure's damage of cornea,and the advantage of the surgeries treatment embodies in the forthcoming perforation and perforation of cornea.Both drugs and surgeries treatment's study progress in recent years is summarized below.·

目的:体外培养甲状腺相关眼病患者和正常人的眼眶成纤维细胞,并进行比较、观察及鉴定。方法:采用组织块培养法,体外培养甲状腺相关眼病患者和正常人的眼眶成纤维细胞,并进行细胞形态观察及免疫组织化学鉴定。结果:甲状腺相关眼病患者与正常对照的眼眶成纤维细胞形态区别不明显,Vimentin染色均呈阳性,而Desmin,S-100,CK均呈阴性。结论:甲状腺相关眼病患者与正常人的眼眶成纤维细胞体外培养的形态及免疫组织化学鉴定无明显差异。

Chinese medicine treatment for thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy has a long history and good effect.This review summarized the status quo of TCM treatment for the disease in recent years.

AIM:To discuss the method of avoiding the mis-diagnosis and missed diagnosis of fungal keratitis through the experience of the diagnosis and treatment in 29 cases.·METHODS:The 100g/L KOH wet-film microscopy ex-amination was used to 29 fungal keratitis cases with clinical features,to find the true mycelium or spores,and sent to be fungal cultured.Once diagnosed,the patients were treated by antifungal treatment immediately.·RESULTS:Through the 100g/L KOH wet-film micros-copy examination and/or fungal culture,the 29 cases were diagnosed.And we got satisfactory results with an effective anti-fungal treatment.·CONCLUSION:The treatment effect on fungal keratitis is close to the timely diagnosis and reasonable treatment.Using the laboratory examination in the first consultation can effectively avoid the misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis of fungal keratitis and improve the cure-rate.·

AIM: To investigate the clinical effect of treatment of modified trabeculectomy with MMC for late neovascular glaucoma. ·METHODS: Bular conjunctives were at the base of vault incised. Then the operation was continued with a 5.0mm×4.5mm incision in corneoscleral limbus and 3.3mm×2.0mm in trabecula. Neovascular vessels on iris were electrocoagulated before iridectomy. Cotton slice with MMC was inserted into the incision on sclera; sclera and conjunctival flaps were sutured. Both eyes of the patient were dressed for three days.·RESULTS: This modified trabeculectomy was successful in 9 eyes of 9 patients, of whom 1 was followed up for 4 years, 3 for 3 years, 3 for 2 years and 2 dropped out. It was found that their headache and pain in eyes disappeared and their eye pressure returned to normal (15.88-23.78mmHg). ·CONCLUSION: Modified trabeculectomy is an effective treatment for late neovascular glaucoma.

Researches have shown that the orbital fibroblasts play a vital role in the occurrence and development of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy. They are both target cells and effect cells. The present review focused on the two roles of orbital fibroblasts.

目的了解甲状腺相关眼病患者认知情感需求并探讨其护理对策。方法对152例患者采用自行设计的甲状腺相关眼病患者认知情感需求量表进行问卷调查。结果甲状腺相关眼病患者对疾病本身的认知需求强烈,而对医疗环境、医疗服务的情感需求相对较弱。在疾病认知需求中对治疗后眼突度改善和复发情况、激素治疗和放射治疗的方法和不良反应以及是否需要手术治疗情况的了解尤其突出,分别占98.7%、89.5%、80.3%。结论甲状腺相关眼病患者对疾病相关知识需求较高,需采取针对性健康教育措施,以满足患者的健康需求。

年龄相关性黄斑变性(age-related macular degenera-tion,AMD)是老年人主要致盲眼病之一,据国内统计资料表明,目前我国45岁以上的人群患病率约6%～17%[1],发病率在2.9%～12.9%之间,且随着年龄而增加.多焦视网膜电图(mfERG)作为一种新的视觉电生理检查法,对黄斑部疾病能更精确定位,确定其病变状况并对视功能进行评价,是检测AMD患者早期中心凹异常的敏感工具.中医在AMD的治疗方面有较明显疗效,我科采用中药辨证论治的方法,以mfERG做为疗效评估手段,分型论治萎缩型AMD39例,现报告如下.