Third places, as hybrid socio-spatial configurations, actively contribute to the redefinition of contemporary urban production modalities. At the intersection of economic, social, and environmental transformations, they serve both as innovative mechanisms responding to the multiple crises affecting cities, and as intermediaries fostering the emergence of local solutions to global challenges. These resilient spaces offer opportunities to experiment with alternative ways of place-making, by articulating the three spheres of production, socialization, and intimacy.

The issues we address in this article are part of an important field of study in economic geography, focusing in particular on the concepts of territorial resources and basket of goods and service (BGS). We propose to renew the theoretical analysis by applying it to a specific type of heritage, in this case thermalism. The processes of territorial qualification at work provide us with a key to understanding the specific dynamics of development in these spa towns, both in terms of the actors involved and the forms of coordination and resources mobilized. We then illustrate the model through the case of the town of Spa in Belgium, where thermal water—at once a natural resource and a heritage asset—has become a central key driver of territorial development.

The issue of food has evolved significantly in recent years throughout Europe, under the pressure of environmental and climate constraints as well as a set of factors related to food dependence and changes in consumption patterns. Short circuit practices, embedded in localized agrifood systems, although in the minority in terms of volumes consumed, are growing rapidly and are a sign of these developments. The recent health crisis has further highlighted the need to think of food as a global system with many variables and multiple interdependencies between these. This article outlines the global food system that has resulted from the modernization of agriculture in Europe and North America, and the powerful movement of globalization on a global scale. It describes the emergence of a territorial food system with characteristics that are distinct from the overall system. Finally, the article explores the alternative nature of the territorial system and its ability to provide solutions to recurring crises in the global food system.

Ao estudar regiões agrícolas francesas em crise no final do século 20, pesquisadores observaram que algumas áreas rurais ativaram recursos territoriais específicos, resultando em bens e serviços diferenciados que deram origem ao enfoque teórico-metodológico da Cesta de Bens e Serviços Territoriais (CBST). Estimulada pela organização coletiva de atores locais, esta iniciativa revelou-se uma alternativa promissora de desenvolvimento. Além disso, esses bens e serviços específicos promoviam um rendimento diferenciado, fenômeno que originou a teoria da Renda de Qualidade Territorial (RQT). Abriu-se, então, a agenda para pesquisas sobre a CBST em diversos países, entre eles o Brasil. O mesmo não ocorreu com o tema da RQT. Embora conceitualmente mencionada em diversos artigos, a aplicação do conceito ainda carece de aprofundamento. Nesse contexto, este artigo objetiva dar visibilidade ao tema da RQT a partir da experiência francesa e analisar as possibilidades de geração desse tipo de renda em territórios rurais brasileiros. O procedimento metodológico aplicado foi revisão bibliográfica sobre a teoria da RQT e de estudos de caso sobre o enfoque da CBST realizados em territórios rurais brasileiros. Em todos os estudos de caso analisados há valorização de bens e serviços territoriais, o que suscita a possibilidade de investigação da geração de RQT, abrindo uma agenda futura de pesquisa em contextos brasileiros.

Este artigo pretende mostrar, primeiramente, como se constituiu a ciência regional e como a questão territorial surgiu na literatura internacional, para, depois, discutir as dinâmicas territoriais que operam em torno da noção de recurso territorial. Esta noção está no centro da procura de soluções para os desafios contemporâneos (crises climáticas, sanitárias, alimentares e geopolíticas). As soluções para estes desafios passam por uma renovação da noção de território e pela evolução da questão-chave da resiliência do sistema produtivo global, que passa pela hibridização da geografia social e da economia.

Le développement de Stratégies Alimentaires Territoriales, comme les « Projets Alimentaires Territoriaux » français, implique de proposer de nouveaux outils pour soutenir la prise de décision locale. La série d’indicateurs FRUGAL a été spécifiquement développée dans ce but : fournir une capacité d’expertise aux acteurs locaux et une base de connaissances pour comprendre leur système alimentaire local et pour développer et réviser leur stratégie alimentaire. Dans cet article, nous présentons les éléments théoriques qui ont permis de concevoir et de structurer ce jeu d’indicateurs, la méthode de développement de ces indicateurs et la manière dont cet outil peut être utilisé par les acteurs urbains souhaitant l’utiliser pour un diagnostic local.

The development of Territorial Food Strategies, like the French “Projets Alimentaires Territoriaux”, implies proposing new tools to support local decision-making. The FRUGAL set of indicators has been specifically developed for this purpose: to provide an expertise capacity to local actors and a knowledge base to understand their local food system and to develop and revise their food strategy. In this paper, we present the theoretical elements that made it possible to design and structure this set of indicators; the method for developing these indicators; and how this tool can be used by urban participants wishing to use it for a local diagnosis.

L’émergence des tiers-lieux (TL) est un phénomène rapide et récent bien que le concept soit né aux États-Unis il y a plus de trente ans. Il s’inscrit dans un processus historique long d’apparition de système productifs localisés (SPL), soit d’inspiration italienne avec les districts industriels (DI), soit d’inspiration américaine sur le modèle des clusters. Ces structures nées des années 1970-1980 constituent un premier tournant territorial. L’avènement des TL en grand nombre porte des enjeux forts et fait suite au cumul de plusieurs facteurs à dimension mondiale (accélération de la crise climatique, crise financière de 2008, crise sanitaire depuis 2019). Ces évènements inaugurent, après une période d’approfondissement de la mondialisation, un deuxième tournant territorial. Le premier tournant a été dominé par la forme DI ou SPL, le deuxième semble s’inaugurer autour d’une forme voisine mais pas identique d’intégration systémique, production et consommation, de type TL. Celui-ci serait l’avatar le plus récent du développement territorial. L’article montre que l’industrie wallonne, très tributaire du modèle fordiste en déclin, n’a pas vraiment pris le premier virage mais, avec la réalisation du plan Creative Wallonia , s’engage depuis une dizaine d’années dans ce deuxième tournant environnemental et sociétal.

The emergence of Third Places is a rapid and recent phenomenon although the concept was born in the United States more than thirty years ago. It is part of a long historical process of appearance of localized production systems either of Italian inspiration (Industrial districts) or of American inspiration (with the model of clusters). These structures, born in the 1970s and 1980s, constitute a first territorial turning point. The emergence of Third Places in large numbers, carries strong stakes and follows the cumulation of several factors with a global dimension (acceleration of the climate crisis, financial crisis of 2008, health crisis since 2019). These events inaugurate, after a period of deepening globalisation, a second territorial turning point. The first turning point was dominated by the "industrial district" or "local productive system" form, the second one seems to be inaugurated around a similar but not identical form of systemic integration, production and consumption, of the "Third Places" type, which appears as the most recent "avatar" of territorial development. The article shows that the Walloon industry, very dependent on the declining Fordist model, has not really taken the first but with the realization of the framework program << Creative Wallonia >> program is now engaged in this second environmental and societal turning point.

This article looks at the way in which the agri-food sectors of the peri-urban mountains are linked to the metropolis, using the case of Grenoble and the massifs that surround the city. First, a historical reading highlights the evolution, over time, of the relationship between livestock farming and the city, with the transition from a context of pressure on the supply of fresh produce (particularly milk) to a gradual de-territorialization of the sectors and, more recently, changes that increasingly favor local sectors. This recomposition is analyzed, in the second part, by observing the roles of actors at different levels of the life of the products, from the farmer to the consumer. We show that farmers in the peri-urban mountains have considerably changed their production models to adapt to the new demands of the nearby city. In the third part, we propose a geographical reading of these city-mountain relations through livestock farming, in which we show that the massifs surrounding Grenoble do not all have the same relationship with the city. In conclusion, we argue that the relationship between mountain livestock and the metropolis is part of interterritoriality, but also that it allows the emergence of specific agricultural models and agri-food circuits.

The article develops an argument around the territorial resource. This notion constitutes the basis of a reflection on the development of territories and, more generally, an attempt to renew approaches to economic development. Such an approach naturally finds its place in the reflections concerning the South as much as those concerning the industrialized countries of the North. The creation of territorial resources is seen here as a means of creating a specific rent and generating new wealth.

O enfoque da Cesta de Bens e Serviços Territoriais (CBST) completou vinte anos desde que dois artigos pioneiros sobre o tema foram publicados, em 2001, na revista francesa “Economie Rurale”. A ideia central dessa abordagem está associada à oferta compartilhada de produtos e serviços de qualidade de um determinado território. Sua concepção se deu a partir de estudos de caso em zonas francesas de montanha, onde o modelo de agricultura produtivista não se difundiu de forma plena. A construção de um painel de indicadores dos principais componentes da CBST se tornou necessária a partir da utilização do enfoque para estudar distintos territórios. O objetivo deste artigo consiste em conceber uma ferramenta metodológica de monitoramento que seja capaz de averiguar a aproximação entre a realidade constatada em determinado território e o tipo ideal de Cesta. Esses indicadores podem ser utilizados tanto para fins específicos de pesquisa, quanto para que atores territoriais monitorem as ações e se capacitem na arte do desenvolvimento territorial. Para elaborar o painel de indicadores, recorreu-se à revisão da bibliografia elaborada sobre o tema e resultados parciais de pesquisa em curso no quadro de projetos interinstitucionais implementados no estado de Santa Catarina. O principal resultado deste artigo é uma primeira versão desse painel, o qual servirá de referência para aplicações junto a atores dos territórios estudados, com o duplo propósito de ajustar os indicadores e capacitar os atores sociais no enfoque da CBST.

This article looks at the way in which the agri-food sectors of the peri-urban mountains are linked to the metropolis, using the case of Grenoble and the massifs that surround the city. First, a historical reading highlights the evolution, over time, of the relationship between livestock farming and the city, with the transition from a context of pressure on the supply of fresh produce (particularly milk) to a gradual de-territorialization of the sectors and, more recently, changes that increasingly favor local sectors. This recomposition is analyzed, in the second part, by observing the roles of actors at different levels of the life of the products, from the farmer to the consumer. We show that farmers in the peri-urban mountains have considerably changed their production models to adapt to the new demands of the nearby city. In the third part, we propose a geographical reading of these city-mountain relations through livestock farming, in which we show that the massifs surrounding Grenoble do not all have the same relationship with the city. In conclusion, we argue that the relationship between mountain livestock and the metropolis is part of interterritoriality, but also that it allows the emergence of specific agricultural models and agri-food circuits.

Os sistemas alimentares são complexos devido à diversidade de produtos necessários para satisfazer as necessidades alimentares da população num determinado espaço, e à organização detalhada dos fluxos e das redes de abastecimento. Neste estudo, foram utilizados vários procedimentos metodológicos para quantificar o consumo alimentar e a produção agrícola local em onze áreas urbanas francesas, que correspondem a cada uma das áreas urbanas estudadas no projeto FRUGAL. A partir da perspectiva da teoria da “Cesta de Bens e Serviços” resultante dos trabalhos de B. Pecqueur e dos recursos metodológicos adotados, o objetivo consiste em analisar a importância dos determinantes socioculturais do consumo e a necessidade de ter em conta os contextos territoriais a fim de compreender os sistemas alimentares.

This text addresses one of the terms applied to describe spaces of experimentation, namely third place. This concept refers to new places that connect the functions of working, living, and socializing. These three functions had been separated by capitalism under a Fordist mode of regulation. However, since the 2000s, various space-based initiatives have reunited them. In this context, third places represent reference points for community life that favor broader and more creative exchanges at the local level and thus help to maintain sociability, especially in the post-COVID-19 era. Third places offer the opportunity to rethink the link between the workplace and mobility, to review spatial planning practices, and to re-examine the relationship between the local and the global.

L’article développe un argumentaire autour de la ressource territoriale. Cette notion constitue la base d’une réflexion sur le développement des territoires et, plus généralement, une tentative de renouvellement des approches du développement économique. Une telle approche trouve naturellement sa place dans les réflexions concernant les Suds tout autant que celles qui concernent les pays industrialisés du Nord. La création de ressources territoriales est vue ici comme un moyen de créer une rente spécifique et de générer de nouvelles richesses et de lutter contre les inégalités environnementales. Mots clés : ressource territoriale, patrimoine, valeur, rente, avantage comparatif ------------------------------------------------------- The article develops an argument around the territorial resource. This notion constitutes the basis of a reflection on the development of territories and, more generally, an attempt to renew approaches to economic development. Such an approach naturally finds its place in the reflections concerning the South as much as those concerning the industrialized countries of the North. The creation of territorial resources is seen here as a means of creating a specific rent and generating new wealth. Key words: Territorial resource, heritage, value, rent, comparative advantage