目的:研究云木香不同时期干物质及氮、磷、钾、钙、镁营养素积累与分配规律,为云木香科学施肥提供理论依据.方法:以移栽后第1年生的云木香为研究对象,缓苗后每隔25 d田间取样1次,分别测定各器官干物质和氮、磷、钾、钙、镁的量.结果:云木香干物质积累随着生育期的推进呈现“慢-快-慢”的趋势,根部呈直线上升,生育前期主要以茎、叶的干物质积累为主.缓苗后50 d为返青期,养分吸收量较少.75 ～ 125 d为快速生长期,是根的快速生长膨大期,在125 d时氮、磷、钾元素的吸收量最大,分别为1 395.90、205.03、1 311.33 mg/株;150 d时钙、镁吸收量最大,为682.54、155.88 mg/株.云木香对氮、磷、钾、钙、镁养分吸收表现为氮＞钾＞钙＞磷＞镁,干物质积累和各营养元素吸收呈正相关.结论:云木香返青期应少施肥;快速生长期是产量形成的关键期也是肥料利用最大效率期,施肥以氮、钾和钙肥为主,肥料使用应少量多次;钾肥早施;中后期主要施用速效钙、镁、磷肥.

目的:研究黄草乌种子生物学特性.方法:观察黄草乌种子形态,进行千粒重、含水量、吸水率、种子生活力测定以及不同温度、光照、激素浓度对种子萌发影响等试验.结果:黄草乌种子长4.20～5.36 mm,宽1.12～3.46 mm,厚1.01～2.36 mm,平均千粒重1.74 g,平均含水量8.6％;0～2 h为种子快速吸涨期,吸水率达58％,至16 h左右达到饱和状态;TTC染色可作为种子活力检测方法,种子生活力为79％;种子最适发芽温度为20℃,且光照对种子萌发无显著影响;GA3和NAA对种子萌发无促进或有显著的抑制作用,6-BA能显著促进种子萌发,最佳浓度为50 mg/L.结论:本研究明确了黄草乌种子生物学特性,对种子繁育和种子质量标准制定提供依据.

【目的】研究铁皮石斛种子液体静置培养过程中,基本培养基对种子萌发、原球茎发育的影响以及来自不同培养基的原球茎及其体积大小对离体植株生长的影响。【方法】采用1/2B 5 、1/2N 6 、1/2MS、1/2花宝1号、1/2花宝2号等液体培养基静置培养铁皮石斛种子,观察统计种子萌发和原球茎发育生长情况;原球茎转至固体培养基后,比较来自不同液体培养基和体积大小（30目、40目）的原球茎,生长形成离体植株的形态类型。【结果】1/2N 6 培养基培养获得的原球茎直径平均值最高,显著大于1/2MS培养基、1/2花宝1号培养基和1/2花宝2号培养基;原球茎在固体培养基上培养90 d,可发育形成单芽、多芽、愈伤组织等形态类型,来自不同液体培养基的原球茎,发育形成多芽、愈伤组织的比例均存在显著差异,原球茎大小对单芽、多芽、愈伤组织产生具有显著影响。【结论】铁皮石斛种子液体静置培养中,基本培养基是影响原球茎发育的重要因素,1/2N 6 是较适宜的培养基;来自不同液体培养基的原球茎及其大小显著影响离体植株的生长,大于30目的原球茎发育形成正常单芽植株比例较高。

原生质体是进行单细胞测序和基因编辑研究的理想材料.为了研究不同酶解时间对灯盏花原生质体分离的影响,采用纤维素酶1％+果胶酶0.3％+半纤维素酶0.5％酶液处理愈伤组织悬浮细胞2,3,4,5,6 h,纤维素酶0.5％+果胶酶0.2％+离析酶0.5％酶液处理幼叶4,6,8,10,12,14,16 h.结果表明,不同酶解时间,灯盏花悬浮细胞和幼叶的原生质体产量及活力均差异显著.悬浮细胞酶解5 h,原生质体的产量和活力达到最高,分别为3.73×105个·g-1、75.84％;幼叶酶解12 h,原生质体产量最高,达到1.17×106个·g-1,酶解10 h,原生质体活力最高,为80.98％.叶片的原生质体产量和活力明显高于悬浮细胞.

通过查阅本草典籍、文献及现代中药学、中药资源学专著,对木香基原、道地沿革、品质进行考证.结果 表明,历史上木香来源复杂,存在名实混淆、同名异物、多个品种混淆使用情况,且与药典品种不尽相同.木香的产地几经变迁,现主要产区为云南、四川、贵州以及湖北,其中以云南产区药材品质最优,为现在的道地药材产区,也是目前种植面积最大的产区.该研究可为为木香的资源利用、道地产区规划等提供科学依据.

[Objective]The amino acids composition,content and nutrition quality of Paris polyphylla Smith var.yunnanensis (Franch.Hand.-Mazz.were studied for providing a theoretical basis of the utilization.[Method] To analyze the composition and determination of hydrolyzed amino acids in P.polyphylla Smith var.yunnanensis (Franch.) Hand.-Mazz,the L-8800 amino acid mobile analyzer was used.And amino acids ratio coefficient method was used to evaluate nutrition in P.polyphylla var.yunnansensis.[Resuh]There were 17 kinds of hydrolyzed amino acids in stems,leaves,flowers and rhizomes of P.polyphylla var.yunnansensis.The total contents of hydrolyzed amino acids from rich to low was as following leaves(13.96 ％) ＞ flowers(10.92 ％) ＞ stems(4.54 ％) ＞ rhizomes(4.02 ％).There were rich in pharmacodynamic amino acids of stems,leaves,flowers and rhizomes.The γ-Aminobutyric acid was identified in stems,leaves,flowers and rhizomes of P.polyphylla var.yunnansensis.The total contents of taste amino acids of stems,leaves,flowers and rhizomes in P.polyphylla var.yunnan.sensis was 2.86 ％,8.21％,6.18 ％ and 2.34 ％ respectively.The ratio of essential amino acids content and total amino acids content of stems,leaves,flowers and rhizomes in P.polyphylla var.yunnansensis was 0.35,0.39,0.39,0.38 respectively,while the ratio of the essential amino acids content and total amino acids content of them were 0.53,0.65,0.65,0.61.The essential amino acids were closed to the FAO/WHO standard.The protein of P.polyphylla var.yunnansensis had a high nutritional value.Met + cys was the first limiting amino acid of stems,leaves,flowers and rhizomes.Amino acid distributions were appropriate.Amino acid distributions were appropriate,and the nutrition value from rich to low as following rhizomes ＞ leaves ＞ stems ＞ flowers.[Conclusion] The stems,leaves,flowers of Paris polyphylla Smith var.yunnanensis (Franch.) Hand.-Mazz had a high nutritional value and health benefit,and can be processed into animal feed products.

针对除虫菊种子萌发对环境温度要求严格,25℃以上种子萌发抑制严重的问题,本研究开展了赤霉素处理促进除虫菊种子萌发的试验研究.结果表明,在适温20 ℃条件下,200 mg/L、400mg/L赤霉素分别处理种子48 h,发芽率、发芽势均显著高于对照;与20℃种子萌发情况比较,25℃高温条件下,除虫菊种子发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数分别降低了62.33％、99.10％和85.88％;赤霉素处理可不同程度提高25℃高温条件下种子的萌发,赤霉素浓度以及处理持续时间均影响高温逆境下除虫菊种子萌发,高浓度赤霉素、较长处理时间效果明显,400 mg/L赤霉素处理72 h,种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数均最高.

[Objective] The objective of this study is to identify the pathogen of stem soft rot of Paris polyphylla Smith var.yunnanensis (Franch.) Hand.-Mazz,and to know how the disease occurred as well.[Method] The pathogen was isolated from tissues of soft rot stem of P.polyphylla Smith var.yunnanensis (Franch.)Hand.-Mazz,tested and verified with Koch~ postulates,and identified based on morphological and 16S rDNA,gyrB,rpoB genes sequence.[Result] the pathogen was identified as Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp.carotovorum.[Conclusion] P.carotovorum subsp.carotovorum is the pathogen of stem soft rot of P.polyphylla Smith var.yunnanensis(Franch.) Hand.

Objective:To identify the pathogen of Gentiana crassicaulis leaf spot in Yunnan province.Methods:The pathogen was isolated from leaf spot of G.crasicaulis with Potato Dextrose Agar medium,tested and verified with Koch's postulates,and identified Based on morphological and ITS DNA sequence.Results: The pathogen was identified as S.microspora.Conclusion:S.microspora is the pathogen of G.crasicaulis leaf spot.

以短葶飞蓬种子为实验材料,采用60和90μM的oryzalin水溶液分别浸泡处理种子24、48、72 h,诱导染色体加倍,并用染色体加倍的四倍体变异植株与二倍体檀株杂交,获得三倍体.结果表明,依据气孔大小,采用60和90μM的oryzalin水溶液分别浸泡处理种子24、48、72h,可使不同程度诱导染色体加倍,变异率为12.81％-24.62％,其中90μM的oryzalin水溶液浸泡处理种子72h诱变率最高;采用四倍体变异植株与二倍体杂交,结实率显著下降,千粒重增加;通过染色体计数和流武细胞分析,在杂交后代植株中发现0.00％～100.00％不同比例的三倍体(2n=3x=27).

用对比法观察记载不同基质对灯盏细辛的生长和农艺性状的影响,井用DPS进行方差分析和关联度分析,探索灯盏细辛漂浮育苗较好的育苗基质.结果表明,不同培养基质对灯盏细辛漂浮苗生长和农艺性状影响差异较大;自制基质作为育苗基质种苗综合素质最好,茎叶生长健康、根系发达、粗壮,出苗率达到83.3％,成苗宰提高36.1％,且无根腐病发生;12个数量性状与种苗的成苗率相关度较大的是种苗地下部分.因此可以看出用猪粪、玉米秸秆和珍珠岩按比例制成的基质作为灯盏细辛漂浮育苗基质最佳,可在生产中广泛应用.

参照农作物种子检验规程(GB/T 3543)的方法,对云南维西产粗茎秦艽种子的真实性、净度、水分、重量和发芽率等品质指标进行了检验.结果表明,粗茎秦艽送检种子批次的最大重量应为5000g,送检样品最小重量为25 g,净度分析试样最小重量为5g;种子真实性鉴定采用感官加显微观测法,重量测定采用千粒法,水分测定采用高温烘干法(130 ～ 133℃,1 h).发芽试验采用纸床法,可采用20℃温汤浸种24h或赤霉素(GA3)50×10-6溶液浸种8h进行种子处理,其发芽记数时间分别为10 ～28d和10～32 d.本研究初步建立了粗茎秦艽种子检验方法,为制定粗茎秦艽种子检验规程提供了依据.

s:Effect of different mediums on callus induction ,adventitious bud induction ,bud culture and root formation of Erigeronbreiscapus was studied ,using leaves as explants .The callus was induced from the explant of leave with mediums containing low concentration of cytokinin and auxins .The highest in-duction rate of callus reached 99 .22% on medium :MS + BA 1 .00mg/L + NAA 0 .50 mg/L .High con-centration of cytokinin was necessary to adventitious bud induction .The induction rate of adventitious bud was 38 .51% and number of shoots per explant was 0 .49 on medium :MS + KT 4 .00mg/L + IBA 0 .50mg/L .The bud easily developed into plantlet cultured on medium :MS + BA 0 .50mg/L + NAA 0 .50 mg/L+casein hydrolysate 1000 .00 mg/L +PVP 1000 .00 mg/L+ GA 0 .50mg/L .Root formation need medium containing high concentration of auxins .The optimal medium for root formation was 1/2MS+ BA 0 .50mg/L + NAA 3 .00 mg/L + IBA 3 .00 mg/L + activated charcole 0 .30% .

The Lonicera japonica from Shandong was introduced to Yunnan and cutting propagation was studied.The results showed that the treatment of IBA and NAA significantly improved the survival rate,root number and root length of cuttings.The treatment of IAA could not significantly promote the cutting propagation.The survival rate,root number and root length of cuttings reached 94.00%,46.67 and 4.52 cm successively after cuttings were soaked in 50 mg/L IBA solution for 10 min.Cuttings grown in perlite medium obtained higher quality than humus soil or mix medium,then the survival rate of cuttings was 86.00%,root number was 35.20 and root length was 4.80 cm.

Objective To study the best harvest time of Paris polyphylla var.yunnanensis seeds.MethodS Seeds of orange testa,red testa and dark red testa were harvested respectively in two planting bases of Paris polyphylla var.yunnanensis,and their size,1000-grain weight,germination rate,seedling rate,and seedling agronomic traits were determined in laboratory.ResultS Dark red testa seeds were bigger in size and heavier than other color seeds,their germination rate and seedling rate was significantly higher as well,seedling sprouted from dark red testa seeds showed the best agronomic traits.Conclusion It is the best time to harvest seed of Paris polyphylla var.yunnanensis when its testa color become dark red.

云南省是全国岩溶地区石漠化危害程度最深、治理难度最大的省区之一.根据2005年国家林业局发布的统计资料,云南省石漠化土地总面积达288.20万hm2,占云南省总土地面积的7.31％.石漠化地区的生态环境恶劣,给当地人民的生产、生活及经济发展带来了严重的影响,生态环境亟待恢复和重建.根据云南、贵州、广西、重庆等省(区、市)对石漠化治理的经验,在石漠化地区种植金银花既可治理石漠化,又能产生较好的经济效益,是恢复与重建石漠化地区生态环境的有效措施.

Different type samples of Paris polyphylla Smith var.Yunnanensis(Franch) Hand.-Mazz were tested on respects of quality,such as rhizome length,rhizome thick,rhizome weight(fresh or dry goods) and saponins content(I.II.Ⅵ and Ⅶ).The statistical software SPSS and DPS were used to perform the K-means clustering and the grey related degree analysis.A four grade quality standard of product was preliminarily set up.The quality standard of Paris polyphylla Smith var.yunnanensis(Franch) Hand.-Mazz product was practical for the production of the herb.

金银花(Lonicera japonica Thunb.)为忍冬科忍冬属半常绿藤本植物,又名忍冬、银花、双花等,以干燥的花蕾或初开的花入药.1984年国家中医药管理局将其确定为35种名贵中药材之一.金银花味甘,性寒.归肺、心、胃经.具有清热解毒、疏散风热的功效.用于痈肿疗疮、喉痹、丹毒、热毒血痢、风热感冒、温病发热.金银花主要含绿原酸类、黄酮类化合物、挥发油及三萜等成分.现代药理学研究表明,金银花所含绿原酸、木犀草苷等药理活性成分,对溶血性链球菌、金黄葡萄球菌等多种致病菌及上呼吸道感染致病病毒等有较强的抑制力,还可增强免疫力、抗早孕、护肝、抗肿瘤、消炎、解热、止血(凝血)、抑制肠道吸收胆固醇等,其临床用途非常广泛,可与其它药物配伍用于治疗呼吸道感染、菌痢、急性泌尿系统感染、高血压等40余种病症.

The Paris polyphylla Smith var.Yunnanensis(Franch.) Hand.-Mazz.breeding research status,breeding goal and methods were summarized,and the problems of breeding were analyzed in the research.This paper suggests that individual hybrid selection and group selection were the brief and effective breeding methods,strengthen the studying on heredity and variation regular pattern can improve breeding efficiency,strengthen the studying on correlation of agronomic traits and tissue culture technology can accelerate the breeding propress.

<正>云木香(Aucklandia lappa Decne).为菊科木香属多年生草本植物,以根入药,其性温味辛、苦,归脾、胃、大肠、三焦、胆经,具有行气止痛,健脾消食之功效,主要用于胸腕胀痛,泻痢后重,食积不消,不思饮食,是历版《中华人民共和国药典》收载的中药品种。木香原产印度,梁代因经广州进口,故称广木香。1935年云南鹤庆商人张相臣从原产地印度获得木香种子,后栽于丽江鲁甸,逐步发展,销售到广州,