水产养殖用兽药及其他投入品的使用直接关系到水产品的质量安全,为进一步提升投入品监管和质量安全水平,本研究结合实际工作,分析了2017—2019年水产养殖用兽药及其他投入品安全隐患排查情况.结果显示:中国水产养殖用兽药及其他投入品产品种类繁杂,其中水产养殖用化学药品、中草药、饲料和所谓"非药品""动保产品"等非规范药品等4大类投入品添加风险物质占比较高,主要添加物质为恩诺沙星和氟苯尼考等限用药物,少数投入品存在添加喹乙醇、五氯酚钠、硝基呋喃、氯霉素等禁用药物及氧氟沙星等停用药物的现象.建议强化源头监管,加强风险排查,做好宣传引导,加大科研投入,推行健康养殖,以提升水产养殖用投入品监管及水产品质量安全水平,促进水产养殖业绿色健康发展.

国家产地水产品兽药残留监控工作作为水产品质量安全监管的有效措施,在保障水产品质量安全方面发挥着重要作用.本研究通过对2019年国家产地水产品兽药残留监控工作进行概括分析,总结当前水产品质量安全监管工作面临的新形势和问题,发现存在的主要问题包括:抽检时无法覆盖全部养殖主体、孔雀石绿和硝基呋喃类药物仍然是兽药残留监控不合格的主要禁用药物以及水产养殖用投入品的隐性添加对水产品质量安全的影响等,并针对今后水产品质量安全监管工作提出建议措施,以期为保障水产品质量安全、提升产地水产品兽药残留监控工作效果提供参考.

以我国GB 2760-2014和CODEX STAN 192-1995(2018年修订版)作为标准资料,采用逐级对比方法,分析水产品及其制品的分类、食品添加剂功能分类、种类和数量、使用范围和限量标准的差异.发现我国和CAC在水产品分类上还存有差异,但涵盖基本水产制品种类;我国对水产品中添加剂使用要求较CAC严格,并且我国水产品添加剂限量指标中有95.9％的可比指标值已经达到或超过CAC标准的要求.通过梳理我国现行关于水产品中食品添加剂的使用标准,对比分析我国与CAC国际标准的异同,从促进产业发展、保护消费者安全及有效应对国外技术性贸易措施角度提出对策.

中华绒螯蟹是中国重要的淡水蟹品种,因其独特的风味和较高的营养价值而备受消费者喜爱.为了给中华绒螯蟹养殖生产及品质评价工作提供参考,本研究总结了近年来中华绒螯蟹营养品质的研究进展,以及主要营养成分检测技术的发展情况,并对现有的营养成分的测定方法进行了归纳比较.最后还提出了开展中华绒螯蟹分级评价、调整增养殖模式满足市场需求和开展原产地鉴定研究等建议.

在推进“一带一路”倡议的新形势下,中国水产品出口贸易迎来发展机遇,也面临国外技术性贸易壁垒的强势挑战.本研究通过农产品技术性贸易措施官方评议系统网站,采集2004-2015年“一带一路”沿线国家和地区水产品技术性贸易措施通报,结合联合国粮农组织(FAO)和中国海关信息网公布的沿线国家和地区水产品生产贸易状况进行统计分析,进一步探讨中国与沿线国家和地区水产领域技术性贸易措施合作的方向和路径.结果发现:1)东南亚、西亚北非地区是发布和实施水产品技术性贸易措施的热点区域,其次是中东欧地区.东南亚和中东欧地区多采用SPS措施,而西亚北非地区以TBT类型措施为主.2)沿线国家与地区自身的水产品生产与贸易发展不均衡,总体呈现“两端热、中间冷”的特点.东南亚、西亚北非和中东欧地区也是与中国水产品贸易较多的区域.综上可见,“一带一路”倡议背景下,加强中国与沿线国家水产品技术性贸易措施领域合作对促进中国水产品贸易发展有积极意义.可通过制定水产品技术性贸易措施合作规划、深化标准互联互通、建立交流合作途径等方式,加强与沿线国家和地区的水产领域技术性贸易措施合作,共同提升水产品国际竞争力.

【Objective】The purpose of this article is to review the source of Semicarbazide (SEM) in crustaceans and to provide verification for the extraction of these endogenous substances.【Method】 All the current research about this topic had been reviewed.【Result】In certain crustacean aquatic products, SEM can be formed by hypochlorite treatment or as a consequence of the thermal treatment of ADC during processing. In addition, those animals can also be contaminated by SEM though environment and foods. Although many studies have shown that SEM is commonly found in different tissues of crustacean, the natural occurrence of SEM in prawns and shrimp is questionable.【Conclusion】The current standard for SEM detection in crustacean products is too strict, it is urgent to carry out scientific research on the sources and natural occurrence of SEM in aquatic crustacean products. A revision of the SEM residue limits and the development of sampling standard for crustacean aquatic products is needed.

舆情引导是应对水产品突发事件的关键环节.文章通过分析水产品质量安全事件的主要特点,查找其成为舆情热点的原因,探索如何科学、规范引导舆情,及时抢占舆情引导先机.

水产品中药物残留检测能力验证活动,对提升各质检机构检验人员的检测水平及实验室的质量管理水平,促进检测体系健康发展起到了积极的推动作用.文章从能力验证考核项目、运用的考核技术、结果评价方法以及参加实验室的积极性等角度对2004-2016年期间农业部组织开展的水产品药物残留检测能力验证活动进行全面梳理,发现目前工作中仍存在组织和实施规范性不够、考核项目有局限、结果无法共享与互认、部分实验室对能力验证结果缺乏正确认识等问题,并有针对性地提出相关对策建议.

标准的属性定位及层级划分包括标准属性和层级调整两方面.标准属性的调整到位是进行层级调整的基础和前提.本文介绍了标准属性调整的内容,包括强制性标准进行改革的必要性和建立技术法规和自愿性标准体系的实施路径;提出了有效开展标准层级调整的必要性及改革措施建议.

旨在完善中国水产品质量标准体系建设,为水产品质量安全监管工作提供基础资料.以中国水产科学研究院质量标准体系为例,分析中国水产品质量标准体系的现状.具体回顾了中国水产科学研究院质量标准体系“十二五”工作,阐明了在争取科研项目,积累科研成果,构建交流平台等方面取得的成效,同时指出在项目申请、能力建设、成果集成、交流合作等方面还存在问题,并提出相应的建议.

A novel method based on methylene blue (MB) was established for the rapid determination of acute water toxicity with the P. fluorescens as the test organism and the damage of cell membrane as the toxicity response. In this method, the damaged rather than intact cells could be stained positively by MB. Therefore, in the presence of toxicants that could induce the damage of cell membrane, MB would enter into cells, resulting in a decrease in MB concentration of the solution. The acute water toxicity could thus be determined by measuring the changes optically in the concentration of MB in the solutions. The present results displayed that, the detection limits of the reported method for 3,5-dichlorophenol, As3+ and Hg2+ were 1. 6, 12. 5 and 3.2 mg/L, respectively. In special, the detection limit of the reported method for 3,5. dichlorophenol (DCP) was lower than that of the commercial equipment, Baroxymeter. The reported method is simple, rapid and reliable, and shows an excellent promise in the determination and monitoring of acute toxicity.

The issues of aquatic products quality and safety are related to the health of people’s daily life. With the development of high density cultures fisheries, aquatic products have been polluted by different levels of drug contaminants and anesthetic residues, which has obtained more and more attention. Eugenol is an anesthetic drug used widely in aquatic products. Eugenol can make aquatic products anesthetic, but also can accumulate in aquatic products and affect their safety. However, the research of risk assessment is still insuffi-cient on eugenol. In this paper, the current progress is reviewed about the risk assessment of eugenol in order to provide the basis for aquatic products quality safety supervision. The focused points of this paper are hazard identification, hazard characterization, exposure assessment and risk characterization, which are four parts of risk assessment.

A rapid and effective modified, quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method was developed for the determination of tricaine mesylate (MS-222) in fish samples using HPLC-MS/MS.

Recently,lots of determination methods with high sensitivity have been developed to detect the drug residues in animals. However,the pretreatment techniques' research is still insufficient on drug residues. Carbon based materials are kinds of new materials,which have excellent stability and high surface area. Carbon based materials have been applied more and more widely in sample pretreatment for determining drug residues in animals. In this paper,the current progress was reviewed about the application of carbon based materials in sample pretreatment. The author focused pretreatments with special attention to solid phase extraction,dispersive solid phase extraction,and solid phase microextraction,compared the advantages and disadvantages of different pretreatment methods,and prospected the perspectives of the functionalization of carbon materials.

本实验模拟自然养殖条件,对杂交鳢(斑鳢Channa maculata♀×乌鳢Channa argus♂)肌肉中的孔雀石绿(MG)及其代谢物隐色孔雀石绿(LMG)的残留及消除规律进行了研究.对池塘中初始体重为(200±10)g的杂交鳢进行质量浓度为200μg/L的MG药浴,药浴后于0.5、1、2、4、8、12、24、48、96、192、288、384、480、720、960、1 200、1 440、1 920、2 400、2 880、3 600、4 320、5 040和5760h取样,采用液相色谱串联质谱法(HPLC-MS/MS)测定杂交鳢肌肉组织中MG和LMG的残留量.药浴0.5 ～96 h期间,MG和LMG在杂交鳢肌肉中的残留量不断波动式升高,分别达到(543.77 ±22.14) μg/kg和(220.51±7.93) μg/kg.MG从96 h之后呈现下降趋势,到1 920 h后MG残留量低于检测限0.5 μg/kg.而LMG在288～480 h范围内的残留量基本维持在(73.72±4.85) ～ (70.33±9.27) μg/kg之间,1 920h时LMG的残留量急剧下降至(2.25±0.25) μg/kg,至5040h已低于检测限0.5 μg/kg.结果表明,MG和LMG在杂交鳢体内的残留消除期远大于水体,且LMG比MG代谢时间长.

ObjectiveTo study the cleavage pathways of 3-aminobenzoic acid ethyl ester by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) in the positive mode.Methods The quasi-molecular ion [M+H]+of 3-aminobenzoic acid ethyl ester was obtained by ESI, and the MS2 spectrum of quasi-molecular ion [M+H]+ ion were obtained from collision-induced dissociation (CID).Results There were three main fragment ions of quasi-molecular ion [M+H]+with CID that werem/z 138,m/z 94,m/z 77. The cleavage pathways information of [M+H]+ ion were obtained by analyzing the MS2 spectrum of [M+H]+ ion. It was found that quasi-molecular ion [M+H]+ mainly fractured through ethoxyl group at the C1 of benzene ring, and lost CH2=CH2 with gener-ated fragment ion m/z 138. A part of fragment ionm/z 138 continuously lost CO2 at the C1 of benzene ring with generated fragment ion m/z 94. Then a part of fragment ionm/z 94 lost NH3 at the C3 of benzene ring with generated characteristic fragment ion m/z 77.ConclusionThese cleavage rules presented here can provide a technical support for metabolites’ identification of 3-aminobenzoic acid ethyl ester in aquatic products.

The cleavage pathways of eugenol were investigated by negative electrospray ionization mass spectrometry( ESI- MS/MS). The relative molecular mass of [M- H]-was obtained by ESI- MS / MS,and the cleavage path- ways information of [M- H]-ion were obtained from collision- induced dissociation( CID). It was found that pre- cursor ion [M- H]-mainly fractured through methoxy group at the C2 of benzene ring,and then continuously lost vi- nyl at the C4 of benzene ring with generated characteristic fragment ion at m / z 121. The fragment ion at m / z 121 may lose CO with generated characteristic fragment ion m / z 93. These three ions are the characteristic ions of eugenol, which may be used to identify eugenol. These cleavage rules can provide reference information for identification for metabolites of eugenol in aquatic products.

Random on- site inspection is an effective measure to ensure the quality and safety of aquaculture products in China. The inspection data collected in the recent five years were summarized and analyzed in this paper. The re- sults showed that random on- site inspection have been mainly carried out in 30 provinces and cities,covering more than 20 main cultured species. The average number of samples in one farm was 1. 56,and the qualified rate had been increasing annually and reached 98. 5% in 2012. Suggestions for the improvement of the random on- site inspection work were presented.

In this paper,the residues and depuration of semicarbazide(SEM) in hybrid snakeheads(Channa maculata(♀) ×Channa argus(♂))were tested.Hybrid snakeheads were drug-bathed 2 days with 2 mg/L nitrofurazone at temperatures of(30.5±0.5) ℃.During drug-bath,the samples were collected at 0.5,1,2,4,8,12,24,48 h,and at 0.5,1,2,4,8,12,24,48,96,192,288,384,480,720,960,1 200,1 440,1 920,2 400,2 880 h after drug-bath,and the SEM residues in muscle were measured by high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry(HPLC-MS).The results showed that the SEM residue from 0.5 to 48 h in hybrid snakehead muscle increased gradually from(32.58±2.82) to(175.92±18.49) μg/kg during drug-bath.SEM residue was found to be the highest,(108.00 ±5.86) μg/kg at 1 h after drug-bath.The residues ranged between(53.60±4.90)and(69.21±5.71) μg/kg from 2 to 48 h after drug-bath but significantly decreased after 48 h,which was below the detection limit of 0.25 μg/kg at 1 440 h.The average degradation of SEM in muscle was 0.089 μg/(kg·h).The results showed that the nitrofurazone of muscle in this experimental condition was degraded after 60 days.