This article reflects on experiences collected by doing technical debt assessments for many years as a primary job. It argues for a model that represents software source code and other informational artifacts as a graph with metadata describing these artifacts. Technical debt items are discovered with graph matching patterns that represent technical debt discovery patterns. These patterns automate manual work, avoid effort duplication, and boost assessment performance. The overall approach is illustrated with a prototype implementation and a case study.

In this article we describe a Semantic Web application for semantic annotation and search in large virtual collections of cultural-heritage objects, indexed with multiple vocabularies. During the annotation phase we harvest, enrich and align collection metadata and vocabularies. The semantic-search facilities support keyword-based queries of the graph (currently 20M triples), resulting in semantically grouped result clusters, all representing potential semantic matches of the original query. We show two sample search scenario's. The annotation and search software is open source and is already being used by third parties. All software is based on established Web standards, in particular HTML/XML, CSS, RDF/OWL, SPARQL and JavaScript.

This paper describes ongoing work of a project aimed at exploiting Semantic Web techniques to support searching and annotating large cross-institutional digital-heritage collections. The project demonstrator contains multiple collections and multiple vocabularies. The architecture is fully based on Web standards. We show novel search and presentation techniques which make use of interoperability between the collections and between the vocabularies.

As the Semantic Web gains momentum, so grows the interest in making knowledge kept in various repositories available. In this paper we describe a case study using a methodological approach for porting cultural repositories to the Semantic Web. The approach consists of thesaurus conversion, meta-data schema mapping, meta-data value mapping, and thesauri alignment. It is derived from our experience collected in a number of conversions we have performed for the E-Culture project, and in this paper we apply it to a collection of data about images related to book printing.

In this paper we describe a methodological approach for porting cultural repositories to the Semantic Web, focusing on the global picture of the required mappings and alignments.

The main objective of the MultimediaN E-Culture project is to demonstrate how novel semantic-web and presentation technologies can be deployed to provide better indexing and search support within large virtual collections of cultural-heritage resources. The architecture is fully based on open web standards, in particular XML, SVG, RDF/OWL and SPARQL. One basic hypothesis underlying this work is that the use of explicit background knowledge in the form of ontologies/vocabularies/thesauri is in particular useful in information retrieval in knowledge-rich domains.

An extensive literature research in the fields of IT and business science reveals that service-related terms as service and e-service have multiple interpretations within business science, information science and computer science, resulting in confusion. These three communities take part in the multi-disciplinary process of realizing e-Commerce scenarios for services. Each community has its own role in e-service offering, and uses its own terminology. In this paper we analyze the different perspectives that these three communities have on the online service provisioning concept. We introduce different meanings of service-related terms in the three communities, and use a real-world case study to show how all three perspectives and terminologies need to be joined with each other for the realization of collaborative e-Commerce scenarios for service offerings on the Semantic Web.An extensive literature research in the fields of IT and business science reveals that service-related terms as service and e-service have multiple interpretations within business science, information science and computer science, resulting in confusion. These three communities take part in the multi-disciplinary process of realizing e-Commerce scenarios for services. Each community has its own role in e-service offering, and uses its own terminology. In this paper we analyze the different perspectives that these three communities have on the online service provisioning concept. We introduce different meanings of service-related terms in the three communities, and use a real-world case study to show how all three perspectives and terminologies need to be joined with each other for the realization of collaborative e-Commerce scenarios for service offerings on the Semantic Web.

1 Ontologies need to be managed In the OnToKnowledge project, several ontologies are developed and used in a number of applications and case-studies. Those ontologies need to be stored, sometimes aligned and their evolution needs to be managed. All these tasks together are called ontology management. These issues are not only relevant in the OnToKnowledge project, but are also in a broader context.

Prolog has been often used to represent the axioms and inference over RDF data models often by converting all the data to plain-text Prolog facts and programs. In this paper we present the PRODEF infrastructure for using Prolog for inferencing over RDF data on the Web by representing Prolog programs in RDF, allowing them to be distributed over the Web and even incomplete, and represent reasoning results in a form suitable for further automatic processing.

To create new added value the Semantic Web has to provide new means for business integration enabling open world-wide cooperation between various enterprises. Existing business integration techniques assume the enterprises having similar conceptual models of the objects being exchanged, and this limits their application areas. The Semantic Web needs to possess a technique capable of mapping different conceptual models in the business integration context. We propose a mapping meta-ontology built on top of RDF Schema using previous experiences in modelling mappings, specifics of RDF Schema and business integration

To create new added value the Semantic Web has to provide new means for business inte- gration enabling open world-wide cooperation be- tween various enterprises. Existing business inte- gration techniques assume the enterprises having similar conceptual models of the objects being ex- changed, and this limits their application areas. The Semantic Web needs to possess a technique capa- ble of mapping different conceptual models in the business integration context. We propose a map- ping meta-ontology built on top of RDF Schema using previous experiences in modelling mappings, specifics of RDF Schema and business integration tasks.

Recently the area of the Semantic Web has got significant importance within both academia and industries. As opposed to the current Web primarily dealing with textual information, the Semantic Web has to deal with conceptual and knowledge models. These models need to be translated between different languages, representations, and modeling paradigms to enable global model search, retrieval and composition. The book covers main issues in transforming vast majority of models to be used in the context of the Semantic Web: XML schemas, relational models, UML diagrams, RDF schemas, and ontologies. Different practical approaches are presented in the book as well as discussions on some theoretical issues that arise along the way.

The emerging Semantic Web may change business integration from using partial, ad-hoc and costly connections to a qualitatively new level providing universal representation and transformation means for business terminologies, documents, business processes, services, and business models. Currently, the Semantic Web is based on representation languages like XML, RDF (Schema), and OIL, however it lacks proper transformation initiatives. In the paper we present an RDFT mapping ontology and show it’s applications to business integration tasks.

Traditional database- or XML-mediated business integration approaches use inexpressive mediating models of database schemas or XML trees, and a number of validation tasks need to be solved with ad-hoc programming techniques. We propose an architecture for an ontology-based business integration service relying on a composite mediating ontology constructed from several business, a temporal, and a mapping ontologies. The architecture allows using inference over these ontologies to perform various validations tasks.

This chapter contains sections titled: The Requirement for Ontology Management Aligning Ontologies Supporting Ontology Change Organizing Ontologies Summary