DESIGN:Retrospective cohort study. OBJECTIVE:We sought to examine whether disruptions in follow-up intervals contributed to hypertension control. BACKGROUND:Disruptions in health care were widespread during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. PATIENTS AND METHODS:We identified a cohort of individuals with hypertension in both prepandemic (March 2019-February 2020) and pandemic periods (March 2020-February 2022) in the Veterans Health Administration. First, we calculated follow-up intervals between the last prepandemic and first pandemic blood pressure measurement during a primary care clinic visit, and between measurements in the prepandemic period. Next, we estimated the association between the maintenance of (or achieving) hypertension control and the period using generalized estimating equations. We assessed associations between follow-up interval and control separately for periods. Finally, we evaluated the interaction between period and follow-up length. RESULTS:A total of 1,648,424 individuals met the study inclusion criteria. Among individuals with controlled hypertension, the likelihood of maintaining control was lower during the pandemic versus the prepandemic (relative risk: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.93, 0.93). Longer follow-up intervals were associated with a decreasing likelihood of maintaining controlled hypertension in both periods. Accounting for follow-up intervals, the likelihood of maintaining control was 2% lower during the pandemic versus the prepandemic. For uncontrolled hypertension, the likelihood of gaining control was modestly higher during the pandemic versus the prepandemic (relative risk: 1.01; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.01). The likelihood of gaining control decreased with follow-up length during the prepandemic but not pandemic. CONCLUSIONS:During the pandemic, longer follow-up between measurements contributed to the lower likelihood of maintaining control. Those with uncontrolled hypertension were modestly more likely to gain control in the pandemic.

In the knowledge-based economy, creative ideas are becoming increasingly valuable. However, creators often encounter the threat of idea theft, which can discourage them from sharing their ideas and receiving vital feedback. This article explores the psychology behind creators' attempts to strategically manage idea sharing. Across three studies, we find that creators mispredict the preferences of idea thieves, such that idea thieves prefer to steal ideas in earlier stages of development than creators expect. We find this difference is driven by creators' tendency to underestimate how much idea thieves attend to moral concerns while deciding when to steal an idea. Further, we show that these mispredictions are consequential because they influence the stage at which creators choose to share their ideas for feedback.

Background:Most analyses of excess mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic have employed aggregate data. Individual-level data from the largest integrated healthcare system in the US may enhance understanding of excess mortality.Methods:We performed an observational cohort study following patients receiving care from the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) between 1 March 2018 and 28 February 2022. We estimated excess mortality on an absolute scale (i.e., excess mortality rates, number of excess deaths), and a relative scale by measuring the hazard ratio (HR) for mortality comparing pandemic and pre-pandemic periods, overall, and within demographic and clinical subgroups. Comorbidity burden and frailty were measured using the Charlson Comorbidity Index and Veterans Aging Cohort Study Index, respectively.Results:Of 5,905,747 patients, median age was 65.8 years and 91% were men. Overall, the excess mortality rate was 10.0 deaths/1000 person-years (PY), with a total of 103,164 excess deaths and pandemic HR of 1.25 (95% CI 1.25-1.26). Excess mortality rates were highest among the most frail patients (52.0/1000 PY) and those with the highest comorbidity burden (16.3/1000 PY). However, the largest relative mortality increases were observed among the least frail (HR 1.31, 95% CI 1.30-1.32) and those with the lowest comorbidity burden (HR 1.44, 95% CI 1.43-1.46).Conclusions:Individual-level data offered crucial clinical and operational insights into US excess mortality patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic. Notable differences emerged among clinical risk groups, emphasising the need for reporting excess mortality in both absolute and relative terms to inform resource allocation in future outbreaks.

BACKGROUND: More primary care providers (PCPs) have begun to embrace the use of point-of-care ultra-sound (POCUS), but little is known about how PCPs are currently using POCUS and what barriers exist. In this prospective study, the largest systematic survey of POCUS use among PCPs, we assessed the cur-rent use, barriers to use, program management, and training needs for POCUS in primary care.METHODS: We conducted a prospective observational study of all VA Medical Centers (VAMCs) between June 2019 and March 2020 using a web-based survey sent to all VAMC Chiefs of Staff and Chiefs of pri-mary care clinics (PCCs).RESULTS: Chiefs of PCCs at 105 VAMCs completed the survey (82% response rate). Only 13% of PCCs currently use POCUS, and the most common applications used were bladder and musculoskeletal ultra-sound. Desire for POCUS training exceeded current use, but lack of trained providers (78%), ultrasound equipment (66%), and funding for training (41%) were common barriers. Program infrastructure to sup-port POCUS use was uncommon, and only 9% of VAMCs had local policies related to POCUS. Most PCC chiefs (64%) would support POCUS training.CONCLUSIONS: Current use of POCUS in primary care is low despite the recent growth of POCUS training in Internal Medicine residency programs. Investment in POCUS training and program infrastructure is needed to expand POCUS use in primary care and ensure adequate supervision of trainees.Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) center dot The American Journal of Medicine (2023) 136:592-595

Background: Plasma refill rates can be estimated by combining measurements of urine output with relative blood volume profiles. Change in plasma refill rates could guide decongestive loop diuretic therapy in acute heart failure. The objective of the study was to assess average relative blood volume profiles generated from 2 or 3 follow-up measurements obtained hours after loop diuretic administration in subjects with vs without baseline congestion.Methods: A systematic review was conducted of articles written in English, French, Spanish, and German, using MEDLINE (1964 to 2019), Cochrane Reviews (1996 to 2019), and Embase (1974 to 2019). Search terms included the following: diuretics, hemoconcen-tration, plasma volume, and blood volume. We included studies of adults given a loop diuretic with at least one baseline and one follow-up measurement. A single author extracted subject-or group-level blood volume measurements, aggregated them when needed, and converted them to relative changes.Results: Across all 16 studies that met the prespecified inclusion criteria, relative blood volume maximally decreased 9.2% (6.6% to 12.0%) and returned to baseline after 3 or more hours. Compared to subjects without congestion, those with congestion experienced smaller decreases in relative blood volume across all follow-up periods (P = 0.001) and returned to baseline within the final follow-up period.Conclusions: Single doses of loop diuretics produce measurable changes in relative blood volume that follow distinct profiles for sub-jects with vs without congestion. Measured alongside urine output, these profiles may be used to estimate plasma refill rates -potential patient-specific targets for decongestive therapy across serial diuretic doses.

Engaging in wrongdoing at work is extremely costly to organizations and employees. Past work suggests that wrongdoing must be condemned in order to mitigate the costs and deter future transgressors. However, much of this past work has ignored the relational context, stripping away established relationships between people involved in the transgression (e.g., between witness and transgressor), and specific attributes of those involved (e.g., demographics). This presents a problem for our understanding of morality, as wrongdoing at work occurs within relational contexts embedded in organizations. The present symposium seeks to broaden our understanding of morality at work by focusing on the relational contexts in which moral transgressions occur. Specifically, we demonstrate how the relationships to a wrongdoer shapes observers’ moral judgments and decisions to report, how the status and behavior of people who condemn transgressions impacts third-party judgments, and how potential transgressors navigate a decision to transgress based on the context. Witnesses of Wrongdoing Overestimate Transgressors’ Silence Expectations at Work Author: Zachariah Berry; Cornell U. Author: Brian J. Lucas; Cornell U. Morality as Relational Toolkit: How Social Closeness Shapes Moral Thinking Author: Daniel Alexander Yudkin; The Wharton School, U. of Pennsylvania Author: Geoff Goodwin; U. of Pennsylvania Author: Sudeep Bhatia; U. of Pennsylvania Minority Employees Face Retaliation for Protecting Peers from Abusive Behaviors Author: Logan Joseph Balfantz; U. of Notre Dame, Mendoza College of Business Author: Michelle Cho; Doctoral Student at Kenan-Flagler Business School, UNC at Chapel Hill Author: Timothy Kundro; U. of North Carolina, Chapel Hill Punishing Without Looking for Reputational Gain Author: Jillian Jordan; Northwestern U. Author: Nour Kteily; Northwestern Kellogg School of Management Look at Me Now! Identifying the Role that Evidence Plays in Dishonest Reporting Author: Samuel Skowronek; UCLA Anderson School of Management

Background Most analyses of excess mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic have employed aggregate data. Individual-level data from the largest integrated healthcare system in the US may enhance understanding of excess mortality.Methods We performed an observational cohort study following patients receiving care from the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) between 1 March 2018 and 28 February 2022. We estimated excess mortality on an absolute scale (i.e. excess mortality rates, number of excess deaths) and a relative scale by measuring the hazard ratio (HR) for mortality comparing pandemic and pre-pandemic periods, overall and within demographic and clinical subgroups. Comorbidity burden and frailty were measured using the Charlson Comorbidity Index and Veterans Aging Cohort Study Index, respectively.Results Of 5 905 747 patients, the median age was 65.8 years and 91% were men. Overall, the excess mortality rate was 10.0 deaths/1000 person-years (PY), with a total of 103 164 excess deaths and pandemic HR of 1.25 (95% CI 1.25-1.26). Excess mortality rates were highest among the most frail patients (52.0/1000 PY) and those with the highest comorbidity burden (16.3/1000 PY). However, the largest relative mortality increases were observed among the least frail (HR 1.31, 95% CI 1.30-1.32) and those with the lowest comorbidity burden (HR 1.44, 95% CI 1.43-1.46).Conclusions Individual-level data offered crucial clinical and operational insights into US excess mortality patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic. Notable differences emerged among clinical risk groups, emphasizing the need for reporting excess mortality in both absolute and relative terms to inform resource allocation in future outbreaks.

BACKGROUND: Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) has become an integral part of critical care medicine for procedural guidance, bedside diagnostics, and assessing response to treatment. Multiple critical care societies recommend POCUS use, and POCUS training has been a requirement for critical care fellowship since 2012. Yet, current practice patterns of POCUS use in ICUs are not well known. RESEARCH QUESTION: This study aimed to characterize current POCUS use, training needs, and barriers to use among intensivists. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A prospective observational study of all Veterans Affairs (VA) medical centers was conducted between June 2019 and March 2020 using a web-based survey of all chiefs of staff and ICU chiefs. These data were compared with those from a similar survey conducted in 2015. RESULTS: Chiefs of staff and ICU chiefs from 130 VA medical centers were surveyed with 100% and 83% response rates, respectively. At least one physician currently uses POCUS in 93% of ICUs, and 62% of individual physicians were estimated to be using POCUS. The most common POCUS applications were procedural guidance (59%), cardiac ultrasound (55%), and thoracic ultrasound (56%). Most chiefs (57%) reported teaching POCUS to trainees in their ICU. The most frequently reported barriers to POCUS use were lack of trained providers (48%), lack of funding for training (45%), lack of training opportunities (37%), and lack of image archiving (34%). From 2015 through 2020, POCUS use increased across most applications and an increase in desire for training was seen. INTERPRETATION: POCUS use increased across VA ICUs between 2015 and 2020, but significant gaps remain. Without a deliberate investment in POCUS training and infrastructure for physicians in practice, institutions are unlikely to benefit fully from standardized POCUS use in ICUs.

BackgroundPoint-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) can aid geriatricians in caring for complex, older patients. Currently, there is limited literature on POCUS use by geriatricians. We conducted a national survey to assess current POCUS use, training desired, and barriers among Geriatrics and Extended Care ("geriatric") clinics at Veterans Affairs Medical Centers (VAMCs).MethodsWe conducted a prospective observational study of all VAMCs between August 2019 and March 2020 using a web-based survey sent to all VAMC Chiefs of Staff and Chiefs of geriatric clinics.ResultsAll Chiefs of Staff (n=130) completed the survey (100% response rate). Chiefs of geriatric clinics ("chiefs") at 76 VAMCs were surveyed and 52 completed the survey (68% response rate). Geriatric clinics were located throughout the United States, mostly at high-complexity, urban VAMCs. Only 15% of chiefs responded that there was some POCUS usage in their geriatric clinic, but more than 60% of chiefs would support the implementation of POCUS use. The most common POCUS applications used in geriatric clinics were the evaluation of the bladder and urinary obstruction. Barriers to POCUS use included a lack of trained providers (56%), ultrasound equipment (50%), and funding for training (35%). Additionally, chiefs reported time utilization, clinical indications, and low patient census as barriers.ConclusionsPOCUS has several potential applications for clinicians caring for geriatric patients. Though only 15% of geriatric clinics at VAMCs currently use POCUS, most geriatric chiefs would support implementing POCUS use as a diagnostic tool. The greatest barriers to POCUS implementation in geriatric clinics were a lack of training and ultrasound equipment. Addressing these barriers systematically can facilitate implementation of POCUS use into practice and permit assessment of the impact of POCUS on geriatric care in the future.

Creativity—defined as the generation of novel and useful ideas—is often considered the starting point of a creative process that starts with initial idea generation and ends with idea implementation in an organizational or social context. Decades of research demonstrate that creativity propels careers and drives performance. However, more recently, creativity scholars are recognizing the literature’s myopic focus on idea generation alone (i.e., the first step of the creative process). As a consequence, the literature knows less about the activities of the creative process that occur between initial idea generation and eventual idea implementation. Addressing this gap, our symposium features five papers that each investigate a different aspect of the creative process after initial idea generation. We explore aspects of developing idea, promoting/selling ideas, and iterating through the creative process. Collectively, these papers deepen our understanding of the path creative ideas traverse between generation and implementation. Elaborative Play: Crystallizing Nascent Ideas in Circus R&D Groups Author: Mel Yingying Hua; U. College London Author: Colin Muneo Fisher; UCL School of Management Author: Sarah Harvey; UCL School of Management Idea Vitality: An Inductive Study of Group Idea Elaboration Author: Brian J. Lucas; Cornell U. Author: Celia Chui; HEC Montreal The Double-Edged Sword of Socially Active Champions Author: Pier Vittorio Mannucci; Bocconi U. Author: Jill Perry-Smith; Emory U. Individualism-Collectivism Norms and Responses to Idea Theft: A cross-situational leniency effect Author: Lillien M. Ellis; U. of Virginia Darden School of Business Author: Jack Anthony Goncalo; U. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Learning to Sustain Success in Creative Industries: The Enduring Impact of Initial Novelty Author: Justin M. Berg; Stanford Graduate School of Business

Introduction: Understanding how intravenous magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) administration affects total serum magnesium concentration (TsMg) is important in maintaining a target TsMg level in acute heart failure patients on loop diuretics. Hypothesis: Describe how TsMg changes after single dose of MgSO4 and estimate how often MgSO4 should be given to maintain TsMg above 2 mg/dL. Methods: We studied hospitalizations of veterans from the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) aged ≥ 65 without severe renal disease (EGFR > 15 cc/min per 1.73 m2) from 2013-2017 with a primary diagnosis of acute heart failure. We constructed linear and logistic mixed-effects models with values of TsMg at level 1, nested within dose, hospitalization, and patient. Results: There were 27,474 doses of intravenous MgSO4 administered in 16,139 hospitalizations to 13,439 unique veterans across 145 hospitals in the VHA. Veterans were elderly (mean age 76), 98% male, 72% non-Hispanic white. Mean TsMg was initially high and leveled off 24-48 hours after MgSO4 administration, with an average TsMg increase of 0.2 mg/dL regardless of dose administered (Figure) . The probability of maintaining a TsMg above 2.0 mg/dL just one day after MgSO4 ranged from 49-54% (Table) . Conclusions: TsMg is often targeted above 2.0 gm/dL, especially in the setting of arrhythmias or QT-prolonging medications. As MgSO4 is frequently administered in heart failure patients on diuretics, understanding that TsMg may be misleadingly elevated for the first 48 hours after MgSO4 is important. We recommend administering MgSO4 at least once per day if the goal TsMg level is ≥ 2.0 gm/dL.

Importance:During the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a substantial increase in the rate of death in the United States. It is unclear whether those who had access to comprehensive medical care through the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) health care system had different death rates compared with the overall US population.Objective:To quantify and compare the increase in death rates during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic between individuals who received comprehensive medical care through the VA health care system and those in the general US population.Design, Setting, and Participants:This cohort study compared 10.9 million enrollees in the VA, including 6.8 million active users of VA health care (those with a visit in the last 2 years), with the general population of the US, with deaths occurring from January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2020. Statistical analysis was conducted from May 17, 2021, to March 15, 2023.Main Outcomes and Measures:Changes in rates of death from any cause during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 compared with previous years. Changes in all-cause death rates by quarter were stratified by age, sex, race and ethnicity, and region, based on individual-level data. Multilevel regression models were fit in a bayesian setting. Standardized rates were used for comparison between populations.Results:There were 10.9 million enrollees in the VA health care system and 6.8 million active users. The demographic characteristics of the VA populations were predominantly male (>85% in the VA health care system vs 49% in the general US population), older (mean [SD], 61.0 [18.2] years in the VA health care system vs 39.0 [23.1] years in the US population), and had a larger proportion of patients who were White (73% in the VA health care system vs 61% in the US population) or Black (17% in the VA health care system vs 13% in the US population). Increases in death rates were apparent across all of the adult age groups (≥25 years) in both the VA populations and the general US population. Across all of 2020, the relative increase in death rates compared with expected values was similar for VA enrollees (risk ratio [RR], 1.20 [95% CI, 1.14-1.29]), VA active users (RR, 1.19 [95% CI, 1.14-1.26]), and the general US population (RR, 1.20 [95% CI, 1.17-1.22]). Because the prepandemic standardized mortality rates were higher in the VA populations prior to the pandemic, the absolute rates of excess mortality were higher in the VA populations.Conclusions and Relevance:In this cohort study, a comparison of excess deaths between populations suggests that active users of the VA health system had similar relative increases in mortality compared with the general US population during the first 10 months of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Pursuing passion for work is highly valuable to both employees and their organizations. However, many employees struggle to pursue and maintain their passion over time, a challenge which may be exacerbated by underlying inequalities. The papers in this symposium demonstrate the pitfalls and underlying inequalities which complicate the pursuit of passion. Across four presentations, we show that (1) the experience of passion is fundamentally self-limiting, that (2) employees do not give up on a job with poor working conditions because of their passion, (3) gender inequalities in the household place an additional burden on women’s pursuit of passion, and (4) mid-performing passionate men are better evaluated than mid-performing passionate women. Together, these presentations recast our understanding of passion, demonstrating that passion can at times drain employees, and may even exacerbate underlying inequalities. Challenge of Maintaining Passion for Work Over Time: A Dynamic Perspective on Passion and Exhaustion Presenter: Joy Bredehorst; Boston Consulting Group Presenter: Kai Krautter; Harvard U. Presenter: Jirs Meuris; U. of Wisconsin-Madison Presenter: Jon Michael Jachimowicz; Harvard Business School People that Give Up on a Passion Overestimate the Negativity of Observers’ Judgments Presenter: Zachariah Berry; Cornell U. Presenter: Brian J. Lucas; Cornell U. How Daily Passion-Fueled Increases in Working Hours Exacerbate Gender Inequality Presenter: Kai Krautter; Harvard U. Presenter: Megan Gorges; Harvard Business School Presenter: Zachariah Berry; Cornell U. Presenter: Sarah Ward; U. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Presenter: Jon Michael Jachimowicz; Harvard Business School Perceptions of Passion Boost the Status and Potential of Average-Performing Men Only Presenter: Joyce He; U. of California, Los Angeles Presenter: Celia Moore; Imperial College Business School

How do people think creative ideas are generated? Anecdotally, people's beliefs about the creative process seem to span the gamut of possible behaviors. The current research develops a framework for understanding beliefs about the creative process. We propose that people's beliefs can be organized around two prominent mental models of the creative process (i.e., the Insight model and the Production model). Our framework describes how these mental models influence the prioritization of creative process behaviors (i.e., preparation-focus vs. production-focus) and subsequent idea output (i.e., novelty and feasibility). We discuss five expected patterns of performance (i.e., archetypal frames) that derive from considering which model(s) a worker holds and which model is dominant. We also discuss contextual factors that influence mental model activation. Our theory provides a framework for understanding how people think about creativity and identifies directions for future research.

While researchers have identified a variety of situations when leaders engage in morally hazardous behaviors at work such as abusing subordinates, engaging in unethical behaviors that benefit the organization and/or its members, and requesting subordinates to engage in unethical behaviors as well as the antecedents and outcomes of those unethical leader behaviors, there are still many unknowns when it comes to when those unethical leader behaviors occur and what the consequences are. This symposium includes four papers that approach the above questions using diverse theoretical perspectives and thus contributes the (un)ethical leadership literature. The Source of Sin: How and Why Creative People Get More Unethical Requests Presenter: Ke Michael Mai; National U. of Singapore Presenter: Feng Qiu; U. of Massachusetts, Amherst Presenter: Brian J. Lucas; Cornell U. How Leaders’ Past Misconduct Affects Leniency towards Subordinates Presenter: Wei Jee Ong; National U. of Singapore Contextualizing the Influence of Leader Unethical Pro-Organizational Behavior Presenter: Lei Huang; Auburn U. Presenter: Ted A. Paterson; Oregon State U. Presenter: Joel B. Carnevale; Syracuse U. Presenter: Michael Phillipich; Auburn U. The Effects of Observed Abusive Supervision on Third Parties Presenter: Mengjie Xu; U. of Massachusetts, Amherst Presenter: Feng Qiu; U. of Massachusetts, Amherst Presenter: Orlando C. Richard; UMass Amherst

ABSTRACT Importance The COVID-19 pandemic had a substantial impact on the overall rate of death in the United States during the first year. It is unclear whether access to comprehensive medical care, such as through the VA healthcare system, altered death rates compared to the US population. Objective Quantify the increase in death rates during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in the general US population and among individuals who receive comprehensive medical care through the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA). Design Analysis of changes in all-cause death rates by quarter, stratified by age, sex race/ethnicity, and region, based on individual-level data. Hierarchical regression models were fit in a Bayesian setting. Standardized rates were used for comparison between populations. Setting and participants General population of the United States, enrollees in the VA, and active users of VA healthcare. Exposure and main outcome Changes in rates of death from any cause during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 compared to previous years. Results Sharp increases were apparent across all of the adult age groups (25 years and older) in both the general US population and the VA populations. Across all of 2020, the relative increase in death rates was similar in the general US population (RR: 1.20 (95% CI: 1.17, 1.22)), VA enrollees (RR: 1.20 (95% CI: 1.14, 1.29)), and VA active users (RR: 1.19 (95% CI: 1.14, 1.26)). Because the pre-pandemic standardized mortality rates were higher in the VA populations prior to the pandemic, the absolute rates of excess mortality were higher in the VA populations. Conclusions and Relevance Despite access to comprehensive medical care, active users of the VA had similar relative mortality increases from all causes compared with the general US population. Factors that influenced baseline rates of death and that mitigated viral transmission in the community are more likely to have influenced the impact of the pandemic.

BACKGROUND:Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) can reduce procedural complications and improve the diagnostic accuracy of hospitalists. Currently, it is unknown how many practicing hospitalists use POCUS, which applications are used most often, and what barriers to POCUS use exist. OBJECTIVE:This study aimed to characterize current POCUS use, training needs, and barriers to use among hospital medicine groups (HMGs). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS:A prospective observational study of all Veterans Affairs (VA) medical centers was conducted between August 2019 and March 2020 using a web-based survey sent to all chiefs of HMGs. These data were compared to a similar survey conducted in 2015. RESULT:Chiefs from 117 HMGs were surveyed, with a 90% response rate. There was ongoing POCUS use in 64% of HMGs. From 2015 to 2020, procedural POCUS use decreased by 19%, but diagnostic POCUS use increased for cardiac (8%), pulmonary (7%), and abdominal (8%) applications. The most common barrier to POCUS use was lack of training (89%), and only 34% of HMGs had access to POCUS training. Access to ultrasound equipment was the least common barrier (57%). The proportion of HMGs with ≥1 ultrasound machine increased from 29% to 71% from 2015 to 2020. An average of 3.6 ultrasound devices per HMG was available, and 45% were handheld devices. CONCLUSION:From 2015 to 2020, diagnostic POCUS use increased, while procedural use decreased among hospitalists in the VA system. Lack of POCUS training is currently the most common barrier to POCUS use among hospitalists.

The innovation process in organizations usually involves collaborations and decisions about resource allocation on new ideas. Therefore, creative talents and ideas need to be first recognized to receive the support and resources needed to generate actual value for organizations. Creativity evaluation thus serves as the pivotal link between idea generation and implementation. Despite its nascence, research interest has burgeoned in creativity evaluations due to this topic’s theoretical and practical significance. This symposium is intended to showcase new research on creativity evaluations using novel and diverse theoretical perspectives and methodologies. The papers that comprise this symposium investigate individual or group factors that influence creativity evaluations as well as the downstream consequences of endorsing or rejecting creative ideas. This symposium thus provides a comprehensive view of creativity evaluations. It also illuminates connections between creativity evaluations and various important topics in management research such as diversity, first impressions, status, and deviance. The Effect of Criminal Records on Creativity Evaluation: Evidence from Music Reviews Presenter: Eun Soo Son; Georgia Institute of Technology Presenter: Haoyue Zhang; Washington U. in St. Louis, Olin Business School Presenter: Jiani Zhu; Georgia Institute of Technology The Diversity Heuristic: How Team Racial Composition Influences Judgments of Team Creativity Presenter: Devon Proudfoot; Cornell U. Presenter: Zachariah Berry; Cornell U. Presenter: Min Kay; Duke U. When Uniqueness Brings Us Together: How Initial Cues of Uniqueness Influence Creative Collaborations Presenter: Qing Gong; Georgia Institute of Technology The Idea Endorsement Double Bind: Status Loss Concerns Impede Creative Idea Endorsement Presenter: Wayne Johnson; Cornell SC Johnson College of Business Presenter: Brian J. Lucas; Cornell U. Creative Deviance in the Relationship between Psychological Ownership and Social Undermining Presenter: Jigyasu Shukla; U. of Central Florida Presenter: Ronit Kark; Bar Ilan U. Presenter: Rebecca J. Bennett; U. of Central Florida