This study investigates solute-solvent interactions in ternary systems consisting of lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate (LiOTf) as the solute and tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether (TEGDME) and 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME) as solvents over a range of temperatures (293.15-313.15 K). A multidisciplinary approach involving computational modeling, thermodynamic analysis, and acoustic measurements was used to elucidate molecular-level dynamics. The positive V ϕ 0 values in the thermodynamic analysis revealed the prevalence of solute-solvent interactions in the investigated ternary (LiOTf + H2O + DME/TEGDME) solutions. Hepler's constant was determined to predict the structure maker/breaker behavior. Cyclic voltammetry analysis showed that TEGDME offers a higher electrochemical window (EW) of 1.36 V in 0.01 TEGDME and 1.40 V in 0.05 TEGDME compared with that of 1.25 V in 0.01 DME and 1.38 V in 0.05 DME, yielding favorable and comparable working EWs. DFT calculations using the B3LYP functional and 6-311++G(d,p) basis set provided insights into the electron-donating and -accepting properties of the molecules, showing higher reactivity for LiOTf. These findings present novel insights into ternary electrolyte systems, which hold the potential for applications in energy storage technologies.

Current global trends in physical activity levels demonstrate that the world is not on track to achieve the 2030 target set by the Global Action Plan. The Action Plan posited that physical activity should be an integral component of "daily lives" of all individuals "across the life course." Potential contributions to achieve global physical activity goals include the utilization of compositional data analysis and life course epidemiology to provide a framework for the composite nature of physical activity and complex life course relationships. Combining these two traditionally disconnected fields represents a paradigm shift in physical activity research. Here, we discuss how these combined fields enable a reinterpretation of previous research findings and explore their impact on policy and potential advantages and challenges. Careful consideration needs to be given to the implications of both fields remaining disconnected and the alternate option of consolidation to realize ambitions.

Numerous cloud service enterprises have launched a broad variety of cloud services. Several businesses and people use these programs on a daily basis. The efficiency of cloud service depends on efficiency of the service providers. It is also important for cloud customers to analyses and review the available cloud resources thoroughly to pick the best cloud service. Secure virtual machine placement is a big issue during the migration of virtual machines in cloud computing. Secure virtual machine migration maximizes the throughput and reliability of the system and reduces Service Level Agreement (SLA) violations. This article focuses on secure virtual machine migration with energy-efficient techniques

As cloud computing is growing increasingly and clients are demanding more resources and better performance, load balancing for the cloud has become a very interesting and relevant research field. Several algorithms have been suggested to provide successful frameworks and algorithms to allocate the requests of the client to available cloud nodes. These techniques are aimed at enhancing the overall efficiency of the cloud and delivering more enjoyable and effective services for the customer. One of the most significant research challenges in cloud computing is the use of energy-aware technologies along with the management of service level agreements. In this article, we discuss the numerous algorithms suggested in cloud computing to solve the problem of energy-effective techniques.

Purpose The study aimed to examine the robotic process automation (RPA) contextual (center of excellence and scalability) and the multidisciplinary (TOE) determinants of RPA adoption in service industries in the emerging economy. Design/methodology/approach Ten factors were identified through literature surveys and popular studies grounded in technology, organization and environment. SPSS AMOS SEM is used for scale measurement and hypotheses testing. A sample of 313 respondents was collected from middle to above middle management executives of service industries from India. The authors tested the hidden layers and non-linear relationships using artificial neural network (ANN) analysis. Findings The low complexity, center of excellence (CoE), and industry/business partner pressure were significant to the RPA adoption in service industries in emerging economies. Counterintuitively, the scalability showed a negative influence on the RPA adoption, and the process capability did not show influence. The results of SEM and ANN were consistent. Research limitations/implications This research can unfold the RPA adoption scholarly debate to multiple services industries beyond the telecom sector in emerging economies. Practical implications RPA is a disruptive technology on the artificial intelligence (AI) continuum. It has the potential to change the ways of working and enable technology-driven transformation. However, despite having thriving service industries that can benefit from RPA, emerging economies lag in adoption compared to the developed nations. Social implications The RPA and automation can bring transformation to human society. Large economies such as India and China have large-scale demand for services, and the waiting lines are a common issue struggled by society. RPA can address the scalability issues of several services. Originality/value This study is among the first to examine technology-organization-environment (TOE) with RPA, including RPA contextual variables such as the CoE and scalability. Literature reports TOE applications on several emerging technologies of Industry 4.0 such as cloud, blockchain, big data and 3 Dimensional Printing (3DP), but no or little reported studies around RPA in services industries in emerging markets.

Since the industrial sector leans more on fossil fuels to pace up with the required energy needs. To overcome increasing demand for electricity, it is important to store the energy generated from natural resources so that energy can be used as and when required. Energy storage devices are one such means used worldwide for conserving different forms of energies and need of the hour is to discover and explore strong and secure electrical energy storage technologies. In this review an effort is made to do a comparative analysis of various types of materials and solvents used for energy storage applications during last two decades. Attempt has also been made to explore and discover different class of solvents and electrolytes that are environment friendly and have minimal impact on living organisms. As salts and the solvents are significant ingredients in the energy storage devices, so this analysis will also provide a first-hand perspective of many solvent candidates for energy storage applications. From the analysis and detailed review, it has been observed that the solvents exhibiting large electrochemical window, high thermal and chemical stability, low toxicity, and volatility are the important features which makes them important constituent of different energy storage devices like flow batteries, supercapacitors, and rechargeable batteries. Advancement of cutting-edge battery innovation is important in view of various applications like hybrid cars, smartphones, laptops etc.

The use of fossil fuels for energy demands is insufficient for escalating demands as they are limited in nature and are not environment friendly. Various microbial sources are under scanner for clean energy production out of which algae comes as a promising one. Production of biohydrogen from algae has brought a lot of hopes in the energy production sector. Algae are powerhouse of renewable chemicals including biofuel precursors. Biohydrogen is one of such biofuel precursors; it proves to be a clean and sustainable fuel and can be produced in industries. Currently however, it cannot stand up to the present energy demands of the world due to certain obstacles, such as cost effectiveness, storage and transportation of hydrogen. One of the main hurdles in algal biofuel technology is the rigid nature of algal cell wall. To get around this, pretreatment of algal biomass is imperative to overcome productivity issues, so as not to compromise biofuel yield. Improving the biofuel production at every step can make a huge difference in outcomes and thus comes up as a promising tool. Therefore, in the present state of art review, various methods of algal biomass pretreatment, different enzymes involved in hydrogen production, various factors influencing hydrogen production from algae and genetic engineering avenues have been discussed in brief.

The Global Burden of Disease Study reported that from 1990 to 2019, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) emerged as a leading cause of disabilityadjusted lifeyears (DALYs) in South Asians of both genders (15.2% of total DALYs in men and 11.9% in women). South Asia is largely rural with a population of approximately 1.2 billion people and projected to remain rural through to 2050, with a similar number of people. In 2014, the multicountry Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) cohort study found that rural South Asians experienced higher incidence rates for CVD mortality and morbidity (7.2 per 1000 personyears) compared with their urban counterparts (5.6 per 1000 personyears), from myocardial infarction, heart failure and stroke. This is despite rural South Asians having a comparatively better CVD risk profile, an INTERHEART risk score of 7.6 compared with 9.1. Over the past 30 years (1985– 2017), the increase in agestandardised mean body mass index (BMI) in the adult rural population has outpaced urban counterparts. It follows that the urban– rural BMI difference seen in both genders, has reduced by roughly onehalf over the same period, from an original difference of ~3.25 kg/m. To address the increasing CVD burden in rural South Asia, particularly because of the wellestablished nexus between poverty and noncommunicable diseases, a systematic approach is needed including lifecourse research on risk factors and determinants, and evidencebased policy. The poorest and most vulnerable one billion people globally, reside in rural South Asia and subSaharan Africa and experience onefifth of their total DALYs from ischaemic heart disease, stroke and diabetes in individuals above 40 years of age. Additional families are at increased risk of being pushed into poverty by catastrophic health expenditure from accessing healthcare, and loss of income from a poor health status. To date, most CVD research in South Asia has focused on urbanisation, addressing South Asians living in urban areas, or in developed countries. We have limited knowledge about CVD mechanisms across the lifecourse in rural South Asia, including individual risk factors and their determinants. For instance, research suggests that rural environments are increasingly obesogenic with unhealthy food, nonmanual occupations, mechanisation of transport, agriculture and water supply to households, and increasing screen time prevalent. It has also been postulated that rural populations have preexisting low metabolic capacity due to transgenerational undernourishment and communicable diseases. Finally, poor healthcare access has been associated with lower rates of detection and management of metabolic risk factors, including dyslipidaemia, hypertension and diabetes. With limited ruralfocused research, it follows that current CVD policies lack a ruralspecific, evidencebased and comprehensive approach. For instance, despite tobacco use being higher in rural compared with urban settings, the current WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control does not adequately address the high prevalence of informal noncigarette tobacco products in rural settings. Similarly, CVD healthcare policy is too simplistic and centred around health awareness, screening and referral for tertiary medical or surgical interventions. Incremental CVD interventions should be provided for the entire disease course and with an overall aim of minimising DALYs and associated poverty at a population level. Further, the policy focus needs to change from diseased individuals to healthy environments, designed to mitigate CVD risk over the lifecourse. This is especially important as the rural environment is rapidly changing due to globalisation, economic development, commercialisation of food systems, technological advances and government policy (or lack thereof). 8 For instance, rural airquality is affected by proximity to urban areas and industries, plus local sources like burning of crop residue or biomass. However, the current policy does not include rural airquality monitoring and management. As rural and urban settings share a common airshed, an effective policy requires airquality management to occur concurrently in both settings. Finally, rural South Asia provides a unique opportunity to understand the mechanisms of increasing CVDs in South Asians who experience a higher risk compared with other ethnicities. Rapidly changing built environment and lifestyles, 8 including physical activity and nutrition, provides a prime setting of a natural experiment to assess association of these factors with early increases in CVD disease burden. This environmental transition is increasingly being measured on a continuum, like nighttime light intensity, moving beyond the outmoded urban–rural dichotomy. This knowledge could help inform interventions to mitigate CVD risk in similar rapidly developing lowmiddleincome countries, and South Asians living in developed settings. In summary, remaining true to the international pledge of ‘leaving no one behind’, CVD must be recognised as an urgent health priority in rural South Asia, and addressed coherently to prevent related death, disability and poverty.

In a large, heterogeneous, and distributed environment, the computing infrastructure expands, and resource management becomes a challenging task. In a cloud world, one experiences problems of resource distribution, triggered by items like heterogeneity, dynamism, and errors, with uncertainty and distribution of resource. Unfortunately, to manage these environments, applications, and resource behaviors, current resource management techniques, frameworks, and mechanisms are insufficient. In recent years, the computer system is mostly based on cloud computing. Service level agreement (SLA) and quality of service (QoS) decrease by the minimum utilization of resources. Proper utilization of resources reduces the SLA violation and maximize QoS. Proper management of resources managed by service algorithms. This research paper analyzes the different types of resource management strategies which play the vital role mange the resources computing resources.

This chapter evaluates the dye removal potential of algal species along with the chemistry and impact of synthetic dyes on the environment. Various factors such as initial dye concentration, amount of biomass, temperature, pH, time interval, chemical pre-treatment, and metal co-factors can contribute to the adsorption of the dyes. Waste discharge from different industries like pharma, food, metal, tannery, textile, distillery, paper, oil mill etc. are mainly responsible for the pollution of water and exert influence on the biotic communities affecting their reproduction, behaviour and even survival. Wastewater discharged from industries differs considerably within or among the industries in their characteristics and affects the biological oxygen demand, quantity of suspended solids, different organic and inorganic content. The main methodologies for treating coloured wastewater include biological and physiochemical methods, which are used for decolourization of the wastewater and treatment. The dye-contaminated water will cause ill effects to the liver, kidneys, reproductive system, brain, central nervous system and intestines.

The study was carried out to elucidate the analgesic activity and the possible mechanism(s) of action of hydroethanolic extract (HEE) of Euphorbia neriifolia (EN) leaves using Swiss albino male mice (15-20g). The peripheral analgesic activity of HEE of EN (150, 300 and 400mg/kg body weight, oral) was studied using acetic acid induced abdominal constriction method. The central analgesic activity of HEE of EN was studied using tail immersion and hot plate method in mice. The principle findings of EN at the dose of 150, 300 and 400mg/kg p.o, showed significant (p<0.01) decrease in acetic acid-induced writhing, whereas significant (p<0.05 and p<0.01) increase in latency to tail flick in tail immersion method and elevated mean basal reaction time in hot plate method was also observed. Overall, results demonstrated that HEE of EN possesses significant analgesic activity which confirms the traditional claims of EN mentioned in Ayurveda.

PURPOSE:The study is to evaluate the difference between outcomes of two high-dose-rate fractionation schedules in the treatment of intracavitary brachytherapy (ICBT) of cervical cancer.MATERIAL AND METHODS:A retrospective analysis of 163 cervical cancer patients was completed. All patients received external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) to whole pelvis with concurrent weekly chemotherapy, followed by ICBT with either 7 Gy per fraction in three fractions (arm A) or 9 Gy per fraction in two fractions (arm B). Median follow-up was 19 months. The outcomes were compared in terms of 2-year actuarial local control, disease-free survival, overall survival, and late toxicity in the two treatment arms.RESULTS:The 2-year actuarial local control rates in arm A and arm B were 88.5% and 91.5%, respectively. The actuarial 2-year disease-free survival rates in arm A and arm B were 85.9% and 82.6%, respectively. The actuarial 2-year overall survival in arm A and arm B were 95.7% and 100%, respectively (p = 0.06). There were 12.7% and 15.2% local failures in arm A and arm B, respectively. Distant metastases were seen in 8.5% and 7.6% in arm A and arm B, respectively. The 2-year actuarial risk of developing late rectal toxicity in arm A and arm B were 5.6% and 5.4%, respectively. The 2-year actuarial risk of developing late bladder toxicity in arm A and arm B were 2.8% and 2.2%, respectively.CONCLUSIONS:ICBT treatment with 9 Gy in two fractions offers equivocal local control rates and survival rates in cancer cervix cases with many advantages of short overall treatment time, improved patient compliance, cost effectiveness, and reduced exposure to aesthetic agents. The toxicities observed were few, low grade, and easily manageable.

There has been increasing interest in associations between neighborhood food environments and cardiovascular risk factors. However, results from high-income countries remain inconsistent, and there has been limited research from low- and middle-income countries. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the third wave follow-up of the Andhra Pradesh children and parents study (APCAPS) (n= 5764, median age 28.8 years) in south India. We examined associations between the neighborhood availability (vendor density per km(2) within 400m and 1600m buffers of households) and accessibility (distance from the household to the nearest vendor) of fruit/vegetable and highly processed/take-away food vendors with 11 cardiovascular risk factors, including adiposity measures, glucose-insulin, blood pressure, and lipid profile. In fully adjusted models, higher density of fruit/vegetable vendors within 400m of participant households was associated with lower systolic blood pressure [-0.09 mmHg, 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.17, -0.02] and diastolic blood pressure (-0.10 mmHg, 95% CI: -0.17, -0.04). Higher density of highly processed/take-away food vendors within 400m of participant households was associated with higher Body Mass Index (0.01 Kg/m(2), 95% CI: 0.00, 0.01), waist circumference (0.22 mm, 95% CI: 0.05, 0.39), systolic blood pressure (0.03 mmHg, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.06), and diastolic blood pressure (0.03 mmHg, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.05). However, within 1600m buffer, only association with blood pressure remained robust. No associations were found for between neighborhood accessibility and cardiovascular risk factors. Lower density of fruit/vegetable vendors, and higher density of highly processed/take-away food vendors were associated with adverse cardiovascular risk profiles. Public health policies regarding neighborhood food environments should be encouraged in south India and other rural communities in south Asia.

Sutlej River is the longest river of Punjab, India, and a major source of water supply for irrigation, drinking, washing, and bathing in the region was studied through monthly surveys in two consecutive years (November, 2009–October, 2011). In Punjab region, river Sutlej receives a large amount of effluents from various industries and city sewage drains via “Budha Nallah and East Bein” which degraded the water quality of the river at different stretches. Keeping in view these point pollution sources, four collection sites (S1–S4) were selected to assess the Sutlej River. Additionally, groundwater sites (G1–G8) were selected in the 2 km surrounding to S1–S4 to check impact on groundwater. Fifteen physicochemical parameters were studied, which provide an idea for the portability of water for irrigation and drinking purposes as per permissible limits of WHO, ICMR, and ISI standards. Pearson correlation revealed a significant positive relationship between COD and BOD with chloride, total hardness, nitrate, phosphate and negative correlation with DO and water current. The mean values of water quality index (WQI) at sites S1–S4 were 20.79, 160.37, 36.31, and 104.70, respectively, which clearly indicated very high pollution load at S2 and S4. WQI at different groundwater sites (10.67 at G1, 8.93 at G2, 89.35 at G3, 62.15 at G4, 23.55 at G5, 21.95 at G6, 59.48 at G7 and 39.92 at G8) showed pollution load to different levels. On the basis of Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) guidelines, the water at sampling stations S1, G1 and G2 could be categorized as ‘A–B’, water of station at S3, G6, G5 and G8 as ‘B–C’, water at station S4 as ‘C–D’ and the water at station S2, G3, G4 and G7 as ‘D–E’. Agglomerative cluster analysis (CA) was performed for delineating and grouping the similar pollution causing areas, which produced the same results as WQI. The results indicated that these point pollution sources clearly deteriorated the water quality of river Sutlej at sites S2 and S4, which in turn affected the groundwater in the surrounding areas.