Climate change will have a significant impact on forest tree species structureꎬ spatial structure and forest age structure. Accurately predicting the response of forest landscape succession to future climate change not only provides a

To assess the values of ecosystem services provided by peat swamp habitats, four typical peat swamp ecosystems（Phyllostachys heteroclada peat swamp, Palhinhaea cernua peat swamp, Juncus effusus peat swamp, and Sphagnum magellanicum peat swamp） were selected in the Tianbaoyan National Nature Reserve（TNNR） in Fujian Province. Using the emergy theory, an evaluation system for the peat swamp ecosystem service values was established, and the service values of the different types of peat swamp ecosystems in TNNR were assessed. The results show that:（1） The total emergy of peat swamp ecosystem services in TNNR was 1.01×10 19 sej·a -1 , with a macroeconomic value of 9.99×10~6 yuan·a -1 . The direct service emergy value was 5.45×10 17 sej·a -1 , worth 5.36×10~5 yuan·a -1 ; the indirect service emergy value was 2.73×10 18 sej·a -1 , worth 2.69×10~6 yuan·a -1 ; the existing service emergy value was 6.86×10 18 sej·a -1 , worth 6.76×10~6 yuan·a -1 .（2） The order of peat swamp ecosystem service value per unit area was Sphagnum magellanicum peat swamp ＞ Juncus effusus peat swamp ＞ Palhinhaea cernua peat swamp ＞ Phyllostachys heteroclada peat swamp.（3） The order of the value of each service function was culture ＆ research（60.28%） ＞ water purification（27.03%） ＞ biodiversity maintenance（6.65%） ＞ biomass increase（4.27%） ＞ NPP increase（0.81%） ＞ water conservation（0.74%） ＞ peat storage（0.39%） ＞ carbon fixation and oxygen release（0.16%）. These findings provide theoretical support for the ecological compensation and differentiated protection of peat swamp wetlands.

木质残体是森林生态系统的重要组成部分,其理化性质影响木质残体的分解.本研究以集中分布于天宝岩国家级自然保护区的长苞铁杉(Tsuga longibracteata)林木质残体为对象,将4个不同类型林分的木质残体划分为5个腐烂等级和4个径级,研究林分类型、腐烂等级、径级及其交互作用对木质残体理化性质的影响.结果 表明:从物理性质来看,长苞铁杉林木质残体的木材密度随腐烂等级的增加而下降,含水率却呈上升趋势;径级仅对长苞铁杉纯林木质残体的含水率具有显著影响;腐烂等级和径级的交互作用对各林分木质残体的物理性质均无显著影响;从化学性质来看,腐烂等级对木质残体C含量无显著影响,但对3个混交林木质残体的N含量、C/N具有显著影响;径级仅对长苞铁杉纯林木质残体的P含量以及长苞铁杉+猴头杜鹃(Rhododendron simiarum)混交林的P含量、C/N具有显著影响;交互作用对长苞铁杉林木质残体的化学成分普遍无显著影响;木材密度与长苞铁杉+猴头杜鹃混交林木质残体的C、P含量和长苞铁杉+毛竹(Phyl-lostachys edulis)混交林木质残体的C、N、P、C/N呈显著相关;含水率与长苞铁杉纯林的N、P、C/N和长苞铁杉+毛竹混交林木质残体的P、C/N呈显著相关.由此可见,木质残体的物理性质是影响养分含量变化的重要因素.

探究不同海拔梯度对天宝岩国家级自然保护区天然柳杉林粗木质残体(coarse woody debris,CWD)数量和储量特征的影响,对天然柳杉林的可持续经营管理有着重要意义.通过典型样地与随机取样法,在1400～1700 m(高海拔)、1100～1400 m(中海拔)和900～1100 m(较低海拔)3个海拔梯度对天宝岩天然柳杉林CWD的径阶结构、分解等级和储量特征进行研究.结果表明:除高海拔树桩以大径阶木为主外,其余CWD主要以小径阶木为主,其占比表现为高海拔>中海拔>较低海拔;柳杉林CWD主要分布在1～3 m高度(长度)级,其比重在不同海拔中均处于43％以上;柳杉CWD总体处于分解初期,不同组分CWD分解等级随着海拔的升高表现出不一样的变化趋势;柳杉林CWD储量为32.57 t·hm-2,高海拔储量(21.92 t·hm-2)显著大于中、较低海拔,以树桩贡献最多(58.7％).海拔是影响天然柳杉林CWD数量和储量的重要影响因子,同时应控制人为干扰的强度,降低对CWD的清理,维持柳杉天然林正常更新,促进森林可持续发展.

以福建天宝岩国家级自然保护区内长苞铁杉〔Nothotsuga longibracteata(W.C.Cheng)Hu ex C.N.Page〕纯林、长苞铁杉-青冈(Quercus glauca Thunb.)混交林、长苞铁杉-猴头杜鹃(Rhododendron simiarum Hance)混交林和长苞铁杉-毛竹〔Phyllostachys edulis(Carriere)J.Houzeau〕混交林为研究对象,分析了不同林型林窗内的土壤微生物生物量碳(MBC)含量差异及其与土壤含水量的相关性.结果显示:4种长苞铁杉林林窗和非林窗内的土壤MBC含量的季节差异总体达到了显著水平,季节动态变化特征总体表现为春季和冬季高于夏季和秋季;林窗的形成可明显提高土壤MBC含量,林窗与非林窗间的土壤MBC含量差异总体达到了显著水平,大部分林窗内的土壤MBC含量高于非林窗,而林窗间的土壤MBC含量总体差异不显著.各林窗内土壤MBC含量在不同林型间存在显著差异;与长苞铁杉纯林相比,长苞铁杉-青冈混交林春季和秋季的大、中林窗内土壤MBC含量较高,长苞铁杉-猴头杜鹃混交林春季和夏季的大、小林窗内土壤MBC含量较高.总体上看,长苞铁杉-青冈混交林和长苞铁杉-猴头杜鹃混交林林窗内的土壤含水量明显高于长苞铁杉纯林和长苞铁杉-毛竹混交林.相关性分析结果显示:长苞铁杉-猴头杜鹃混交林和长苞铁杉-毛竹混交林林窗内的土壤MBC含量与土壤含水量分别呈极显著和显著负相关,相关系数分别为-0.788和-0.638.综上所述,相较于长苞铁杉纯林和长苞铁杉-毛竹混交林,长苞铁杉-青冈混交林和长苞铁杉-猴头杜鹃混交林林窗内的土壤MBC含量和土壤含水量较高,这2种混交林以及林窗的形成均能较好地改善林内小气候,增强土壤肥力,促进保护区内长苞铁杉林的土壤碳循环过程.

为探究湿地植被泥炭对Pb 2+ 的吸附特征,在福建天宝岩国家级自然保护区内,通过野外调查,探讨了泥炭投入量、吸附时间、p H值、Pb 2+ 浓度等因素对4种湿地植被（水竹、垂穗石松、灯芯草、泥炭藓）泥炭吸附Pb 2+ 性能的影响,并采用等温吸附模型（Langmuir模型、Freundlich模型）进行拟合,研究了4种湿地植被泥炭对Pb 2+ 的吸附特征。结果表明:4种湿地植被泥炭随着泥炭投入量的增加对Pb 2+ 吸附量均呈减少趋势,而对Pb 2+ 的吸附率均不断升高;随着吸附时间的延长,4种湿地植被泥炭对Pb 2+ 的吸附量均在吸附时间为30 min时达到最大值,随后呈缓慢减少的趋势;4种湿地植被泥炭吸附量均随Pb 2+ 浓度的升高而增加,但其吸附率变化趋势不一致;泥炭藓和灯芯草植被泥炭在p H值为6时,Pb 2+ 吸附量最大,分别为4.59和4.51 mg·g -1 ,水竹和垂穗石松植被泥炭在p H值为8时,Pb 2+ 吸附量最大,分别为4.72和4.97 mg·L -1 ;4种湿地植被泥炭吸附特征用Langmuir模型拟合效果更好,其中对垂穗石松植被泥炭拟合效果最好。

运用天宝岩国家级自然保护区的居民调查数据,采用条件价值评估法中有关受偿意愿的调查方法和多元逻辑回归分析方法,研究居民的生态补偿意愿及其影响因素.结果 表明:保护区居民的家庭收入与林地面积密切相关,区内居民具有一定的环境保护意识;198份有效问卷中愿意接受补偿的比例为98.99％,居民生态补偿意愿为345.75元/hm2;Logit回归模型的计量分析结果表明,居民的受偿意愿受教育水平、干部职位、家庭总收入、家庭劳动力数量、居民获得信息的数量以及是否居住在保护区内有显著影响.研究认为提高保护区居民的生态保护意识,实施合理的生态补偿是解决森林生态系统保护与可持续发展问题的关键.

以高腐烂(Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ)等级的长苞铁杉倒木作为长苞铁杉种子萌发的基质和覆盖物,探讨倒木基质对长苞铁杉种子的萌发和幼苗生长的影响,以期为长苞铁杉的更新提供新的途径和思路.研究中选择直径＞20 cm、Ⅲ～Ⅴ腐烂等级的长苞铁杉倒木为试验材料,分不同等级倒木与黄壤土按质量比例2∶8、5∶5、8∶2、1∶0、CK(对照,只有黄壤土)探讨倒木作为基质对长苞铁杉种子萌发的影响,以不同等级倒木按照覆盖住种子的不同覆盖厚度2.5、5、7.5、10mm、CK(对照,只覆盖绵沙)研究倒木覆盖对长苞铁杉种子萌发的影响,结果表明,倒木基质对长苞铁杉种子发芽和幼苗生长均具有一定的促进作用.(1)第Ⅲ等级和第Ⅴ等级的倒木在木∶土=5∶5处理下种子发芽率与幼苗根长均显著高于其他配比处理.(2)第Ⅳ等级的倒木在木∶土=8∶2时长苞铁杉发芽率显著高于其他配比处理,在木∶土=5∶5处理显著影响长苞铁杉幼苗的根长和叶长;各腐烂等级(Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ)的倒木在木∶土=1∶0处理下,长苞铁杉幼苗CAT活性、PPO活性、SOD活性均显著高于对照组(CK);第Ⅴ等级倒木对长苞铁杉幼苗POD活性影响显著.(3)第Ⅲ等级倒木覆盖7.5 mm处理下,长苞铁杉种子发芽率显著高于对照组(CK),覆盖5 mm处理下幼苗根长显著高于对照组(CK);不同腐烂等级(Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ)倒木覆盖5 mm处理对长苞铁杉幼苗的叶长有显著影响;第Ⅲ等级倒木覆盖处理下长苞铁杉种子发芽率优于其他等级,但与对照组(CK)无显著差异.

Soil microbial communities play a vital role in soil carbon and carbon sequestration in forest ecosystems.In this study, soils were sampled in Tianbaoyan National Nature Reserve in southeastern China from four Nothotsuga longibracteata forests, including a pure N. longibracteata forest (NF), N. longibracteata + hardwood mixed forest (NHF), N. longibracteata + Rhododendron simiarum mixed forest (NRF), and N. longibracteata + Phyllostachys pubescens mixed forest (NPF).Our objective was to precisely quantify soil physicochemical properties, microbial biomass, microbial communities, and to evaluate their interrelationships.We used biochemical measurements, a fumigation-extraction method, and phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis method to show that -except for pH and soil bulk density (SBD) -soil physicochemical properties differed markedly among the forest types.Microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN) were highest in NHF soils, while the ratio of microbial biomass carbon to nitrogen (MBC:MBN) was highest in NRF and NPF soils.Moreover, the microbial communities of the four forest types exhibited distinct profiles: the highest total PLFA content and content of Grampositive bacteria (Gram(+)), Gram-negative bacteria(Gram(-)), and fungi were found in NRF.Additionally, NHF soil exhibited the highest actinomycetes content, while the highest protozoal content was found in NF soil.The analysis of individual PLFAs using principal component analysis (PCA) demonstrated a clear association of distinct soil PFLA characteristics for each forest type.In conclusion, the soil microbial community structure can be significantly influenced by changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) and MBN.Comparing soil microbial properties in different N. longibracteata forests can help us understand the influence of forest types on the structure of microbiota within a system.

[目的]了解天宝岩国家级自然保护区森林演替发展趋势,可以更好地为保护区制定管理政策保护珍稀植物和生物多样性提供科学依据.[方法]借助空间直观景观模型LANDIS Pr0 7.0对福建天宝岩国家级自然保护区未来300年(2016-2316年)的森林景观演变进行模拟,采用Fragstats 3.3景观格局分析软件对树种面积变化、景观聚集度、分维度、多样性指数进行分析,并对各个树种在模拟时间内的龄级组成进行分析.[结果]在演替时段内,除毛竹林外所有树种斑块分维度均在1.00 ～1.06之间,表明其景观斑块形状较规则且变化不大.多样性指数呈现先上升后下降趋势,均匀度指数呈现先下降后上升的趋势,且变化速度在逐渐变缓,表明树种逐渐趋于稳定.阔叶林聚集度先增加后保持稳定,其面积则始终保持增长,至演替结束,以成熟林和幼龄林为主;猴头杜鹃林、长苞铁杉林聚集度在整个演替时段内呈增加趋势,其面积在演替中后期有所增加,且以幼龄林的增加为主;杉木林面积在前150年增长,此期间幼龄林比重也在逐渐上升;后150年面积保持稳定,至演替结束,以中龄林和近熟林为主;聚集度虽保持稳定但略有增加;柳杉林聚集度在演替前100年保持稳定而后200年有所降低,至演替后期,整个柳杉林以过熟林为主,中龄林次之;马尾松林在整个演替过程中均以过熟林为主,幼龄林和中龄林比例很低;毛竹林在演替后期以过熟林占据主要地位,其次是成熟林;且马尾松林和毛竹林在演替期间聚集度均呈现降低的趋势.[结论]天宝岩森林景观的演替会依据一定的规律向顶级群落常绿阔叶林演替;马尾松林、柳杉林、毛竹林在群落中随时间的推移会逐渐被取代;杉木林、长苞铁杉林和猴头杜鹃林,在演替时段内表现出良好的发展趋势.

Fallen logs are essential structural and functional components of the forest ecosystem,but the decomposition of fallen logs is very slow.Until recently,there has been a lack of knowledge about the effect of fallen logs on soil biological properties.The objective of this study was to determine the temporal and spatial distribution patterns of soil enzyme activities under fallen logs and how they were influenced by environmental variables during log decomposition in the Tianbaoyan National Nature Reserve.A multivariate analysis was performed to investigate the connections between environmental variables and soil enzyme activity.This study took place in Tsuga longibracteata forest,which is in the Tianbaoyan National Nature Reserve,Fujian Province,China.In the forest,the coefficient of variance for soil enzyme activity shows a high degree of variation.The cellulase spatial distribution pattern showed the greatest change,whereas changes to protease,urease,and invertase activities were lower.The increase in decay class caused a decreasing trend in protease and urease activities,but cellulase activity increased.Soil enzyme activities were positively associated with soil organic carbon (SOC)and total nitrogen (TN).Among the environmental variables,soil chemical properties had the greatest effect on soil enzyme activities,which suggested that soil chemical properties should be taken into account when assessing the effect of fallen logs on soil enzyme activity.These activities were positively associated with TN,SOC,elevation,and slope.We identified the interactive relationship between fallen logs and soil enzyme activities and showed that the presence of fallen logs plays an important role in forest C recycling.

Downed logs are important carbon and nutrient pools in forest ecosystems. Monitoring of dynamics of microbial biomass and dissolved organic carbon/nitrogen are of great significance to in-depth understanding of the mechanism of downed log decomposition. Microbial biomass carbon ( MBC) , microbial biomass nitrogen ( MBN) , dissolved organic car-bon (DOC), dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), and ratio of carbon to nitrogen in bark, sapwood and heartwood of downed T. longibracteata logs various in decaying degree from Grade I to Grade V in the Tianbaoyan National Nature Re-serve, Fujian Province of China was analyzed. Results show:(1) The downed logs varied from 7. 41% to 63. 27% in wa-ter content, and were 311. 66-564. 87, 2. 34-5. 82 and 0. 09-0. 35 g·kg-1, respectively, in organic carbon, TN and TP; ( 2) In terms of MBC and MBN, the three components of the highly decayed downed logs ( GradesⅣandⅤin deca-ying degree) displayed an decreasing order of heartwood > sapwood > bark; ( 3) Sapwood and heartwood was higher in DOC than bark of the logs the same in decaying degree, while sapwood was higher in DON than bark and heartwood, ex-cept for logs of Grade Ⅱ in decaying degree;( 4) Microbial biomass C/N ratio in heartwood varied sharply between logs different in decaying degree, whereas DOC/DON ratio in sapwood did;(5) Position in the log, decaying degree and their interactions all had remarkable impacts on MBC, MBN, DOC, DON, MBC/MBN and DOC/DON ( P<0. 01 ); and (6) MBC, DOC and DON were extremely and positively related to water content in the log (P<0. 01), whereas NBC/MBN and DOC/DON negatively to TP in the log ( P<0. 05) . To sum up, during the downed log decaying or decomposing process, water content is the major factor affecting MBC, MBN, DOC and DON in decaying downed logs.

The rhizosphere, distinct from bulk soil, is defined as the volume of soil around living roots and influenced by root activities. We investigated protease, invertase, cellulase, urease, and acid phosphatase activities in rhizosphere and bulk soils of six Nothotsuga longibracteata forest communities within Tianbaoyan National Nature Reserve, including N. longibracteata + either Phyllostachys pubescens, Schima superba, Rhododendron simiarum, Cunninghamia lanceolata, or Cyclobalanopsis glauca, and N. longibracteata pure forest. Rhizosphere soils possessed higher protease, invertase, cellulase, urease, and acid phosphatase activities than bulk soils. The highest invertase, urease, and acid phosphatase activities were observed in rhizosphere samples of N. longibracteata + S. superba. Protease was highest in the N. longibracteata + R. simiarum rhizosphere, while cellulase was highest in the pure N. longibracteata forest rhizosphere. All samples exhibited obvious rhizosphere effects on enzyme activities with a significant linear correlation between acid phosphatase and cellulase activities (p < 0.05) in rhizosphere soils and between protease and acid phosphatase activities (p < 0.05) in bulk soils. A principal component analysis, correlating 13 soil chemical properties indices relevant to enzyme activities, showed that protease, invertase, acid phosphatase, total N, and cellulase were the most important variables impacting rhizosphere soil quality.

Objective]The aim of the study was to clarify the water-holding capacity of soils and litters of4differentSphagnumwetlands(Palhinhaeacernua,Pllostachysheteroclada,JuncuseffusesandSphagnum magellanicum)in the Tianbaoyan National Nature Reserve in Fujian Province and to provide theoretical basis for protection and utilization of Sp hagnum wetlands in the area. [Methods]Four different types of Sp hagnum wetlands were used in this study. Soil and litter samples were collected to measure soil chemical properties,water-holding capacity characteristics.[Results]The soil bulk density of the 4 types of Sphagnum wetlands followed an order of P. cernua>S. magellanicum>P. heteroclada>J. effuses. The total porosity of soil was in the order of P. heteroclada>S. magellanicum>J. effuses>P. cernua. The soil water storage was followed the pattern of P. heteroclada>S. magellanicum>P. cernua>J. effuses. Litter water-holding capacity had a visible logarithmic correlation with immersion time and there existed a significant function relationship between water absorption rate and immersion time. The natural water-holding capacity,natural water-holding rate,maxima water-holding capacity,maxima water-holding rate of litter were 5.5~16.1 t/hm2,31.8%~47.2%,20.1~198.4 t/hm2 and 330.0%~805.5%,respectively.[Conclusion]The comprehensive analysis of water-holding capacity of 4 different types of Sphagnum wetlands indicated that S. magellanicum type has a relatively high water-holding capacity and is more beneficial to water conservation.

基于野外样地调查资料,运用主成分分析(P CA)与冗余分析(RDA)等方法,研究天宝岩国家级自然保护区4种类型泥炭藓沼泽(泥炭藓类型、水竹类型、垂穗石松类型和灯芯草类型)的植被组成、物种多样性特征及其与土壤层和苔藓枯落物层环境因子的相关性.结果表明:研究区内共有植物28科41属44种,4种类型泥炭藓沼泽的物种组成差异性较大,但科属种的分布比较均匀;植物区系分析发现,天宝岩泥炭沼泽植被区系主要由泛热带分布型和北温带分布型2类构成;PCA结果显示,同种类型泥炭藓沼泽各样地的分布较为集中,个别样地分布比较分散,但4种类型泥炭藓沼泽样地之间的差异较大,PCA二维排序图清晰显示了4种类型泥炭藓群落与环境因子之间的相关性;而RDA表明,土壤容重、木本层盖度、土壤自然含水量和苔藓枯落物层最大持水率成为影响其植被组成的主要环境因子,这些因子能够显著解释物种多样性变化的最小组合.本研究结果表明,不同类型泥炭藓沼泽物种组成对环境因子的响应有差异,而环境水分特征是影响其植物组成分异的主要驱动力.

Biomass of plant community,species diversity characteristics of each community and the relationship between aboveground biomass and species diversity among four different types of peat swamps were studied in Tianbaoyan National Nature Reserve. The results reveal that:the aboveground biomass of Sphagnum in community and biomass Sphagnum magellanicum were significantly higher than those of others ( P<0. 05 );and the aboveground biomass and biomass of Sphagnum among these three types of community were no significant difference (P >0. 05),while aboveground biomass of community Phyllostachys heteroclada-Sphagnum magellanicum was the lowest. Species diversity order among different types of peat swamp was as follows:community Palhinhaea cernua+Phyllostachys heteroclada-Sphagnum magellanicum >community Juncus effusu-Sphagnum magellanicum >commu-nity Phyllostachys heteroclada-Sphagnum magellanicum>community Sphagnum magellanicum. Correlation analysis&nbsp;showed that:relationship between species diversity and aboveground biomass of community among different types of Sphagnum mire in Tianbaoyan is not obvious,almost no correlation (r≈0),aboveground biomass of Sphagnum mire in subtropical zone were mainly determined by the dominant species, the species diversity was mainly decided by the non-dominant species, long-term flooding and cold weather caused spatial heterogeneity of resources and environment reduce,“Niche complementary” effect is not obvious.

选择天宝岩国家级自然保护区内4种不同长苞铁杉混交林(A～D)粗木质残体(CWD)为研究对象,采用自然风干法与室内浸泡法对不同类型(倒木、枯立木、树桩)和不同腐烂程度(Ⅰ～Ⅴ级,腐烂由轻到重)CWD的蓄水能力进行测定分析和对比研究.结果显示:(1)CWD有效拦蓄量在不同长苞铁杉混交林下表现为:长苞铁杉+石栎+马尾松混交林(B,14.21 t/hm2)＞长苞铁杉+甜槠+青冈混交林(C,7.78 t/hm2)＞长苞铁杉+青冈+深山含笑混交林(D,6.99 t/hm2)＞长苞铁杉+猴头杜鹃混交林(A,4.74 t/hm2),而在各CWD类型下表现为:倒木(19.579 t/hm2)＞枯立木(8.494 t/hm2)＞树桩(5.661 t/hm2).(2)各长苞铁杉混交林CWD的蓄水量和蓄水速率在蓄水过程中都表现为B＞D＞C＞A,而在脱水过程中都表现为B＞C＞A＞D.(3)不同腐烂等级的CWD按其蓄水量、蓄水速率和脱水速率大小排列皆为:Ⅱ级＞Ⅵ级＞Ⅲ级＞Ⅴ级＞Ⅰ级.研究表明:CWD蓄水量的大小差异与群落类型、腐烂等级、CWD本身持水性等因素有关,其蓄水和脱水的速率与其持水量、蓄积量以及腐烂等级之间也存在密切的联系;CWD的自然持水率随腐烂等级增加呈增加趋势,而且腐烂等级越高CWD蓄水速率变化也越明显,CWD腐烂等级对其蓄水能力影响较大;倒木具有较好的持水能力,并在蓄积量上远大于树桩和枯立木,对降雨有较强的实际拦截能力.

The services of the forest ecosystem were categorized into supporting,provisioning,regulating and cultural supporting services,by referencing to the domestic research achievements and combined with the specific situation in Tianbaoyan National Nature Reserve.In this thesis,the emergetic monetary value of services provided by the Tianbaoyan forest ecosystem were evaluated based on theory of emergy analysis. The results revealed that:The total emergy of these services was 3.22 ×1020 sej annually,including 1.44 ×1019 sej for supporting,1.00 ×1020 sej for provisioning,1.93 ×1020 sej for regulating,and 1.44 ×1019 sej for cultural supporting services.The total monetary value of emergy with these services was ￥296.00 million annually,among which￥13.20 million for sup-porting,￥92.00 million for provisioning,￥177.00 million for regulating,and￥13.20 million for cultural sup-porting services.The emergy monetary value with these services was in the order of air purification>raw material>soil and water conservation>carbon fixation and oxygen release >water conservation>research services>organicmatter production>nutrient storage and cycling>ecotourism.The emergy of service with biological genetic infor-mation was 4.43 × 1021 sej annually,and the monetary value of it was￥407.00 million annually.