Development of blueberry and fermented chickpea chewable tablets, and screen and optimize the formulae and processing technology of blueberry and fermented chickpea chewable tablets. Blueberry and fermented chickpea chewable tablet was developed by wet granulation method. Appropriate corrective agent, adhesive, bulking agent, disintegrating agent and fluidizer were selected by single factor tests. The formula was screened according to appear-ances, taste, flavor and hardness of the chewable tablets. Then the optimized formula and processing technology were achieved by Central Composite Design (CCD). The most satisfactory formula consisted of 35% fermented chick-pea powder, 13% blueberry powder, 20% MCC, 20% mannitol, 15% PVPP, 5% CC-NA, 1% magnesium stearate. By screening and optimizing the formula and processing technology, the blueberry and fermented chickpea chewable tablets can be obtained with good taste, smooth surface, uniform color, appropriate rigidity, easy taking, and simple processing.

分别通过浸叶法、喷雾法的室内生物测定实验研究松木屑木醋液对舞毒蛾幼虫的毒杀活性.浸叶法的室内生物测定实验结果表明,松木屑木醋液防治舞毒蛾幼虫最佳时期为1～2龄.松木屑木醋液处理舞毒蛾2龄幼虫72 h校正死亡率63.33％(超过半数致死率).松木屑木醋液对舞毒蛾2龄幼虫喷雾法的室内生物测定实验研究结果表明,24h松木屑木醋液对舞毒蛾2龄幼虫的半数致死浓度LC50为17.17％.通过浸叶法的室内生物测定实验研究松木屑活性炭法精制木醋液对舞毒蛾2龄幼虫的毒杀活性,结果表明第7天体积分数100％处理组的校正死亡率56.67％(超过半数致死率).对木醋液而言,喷雾法的毒杀活性起效快.

通过试验测定了白桦木醋液、杂木木醋液、木屑木醋液及蒸馏木屑木醋液4种木醋液的基本参数,测定了其对大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)、金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)、枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)3种供试细菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC),并以MIC为基础研究木醋液的抑菌机理.结果表明,4种木醋液对3种供试细菌均有较强的抑制作用,以蒸馏木屑木醋液抑菌效果最佳[对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌的抑菌圈直径分别为(24.13±3.21)、(17.44±2.20)、(17.59±2.79) mm];在最低抑菌浓度的作用下,3种供试细菌生长规律发生改变,细胞膜通透性增大,导致细胞内电解质、蛋白质和糖类物质的渗出,木醋液还抑制了细菌蛋白质的合成,使细胞代谢紊乱,最终使细胞死亡,从而起到抑菌作用.

研究固载纳豆菌发酵鹰嘴豆和发酵大豆的影响因素,并将发酵后鹰嘴豆和大豆的溶栓活力进行比较研究.研究发现,固载纳豆菌发酵鹰嘴豆和大豆的最佳工艺条件为:pH为6.5,温度为38、36℃,时间为48 h,接菌量为16 g/g,液料比为15 mL/g.通过比较固载纳豆菌发酵鹰嘴豆和发酵大豆的溶栓活力发现,发酵后鹰嘴豆的溶栓活力均在一定程度上优于发酵大豆.研究改良了传统纳豆拉丝、臭味等问题,丰富了鹰嘴豆资源的利用途径,为新型保健功能食品开发提供了技术支撑,为带动豆类经济作物发展开辟新型绿色农业做出了贡献.

采用响应面法确定固载纳豆菌发酵鹰嘴豆的最佳工艺条件,为发酵鹰嘴豆的进一步开发利用提供技术参考.在单因素试验的基础上,以pH值、发酵时间和发酵温度为影响因素,以发酵鹰嘴豆的溶栓活力为响应值,根据中心组合试验原理设计(Central Composite Design)3因素3水平响应面试验,对固载纳豆菌发酵鹰嘴豆的工艺进行优化.通过响应面分析建立发酵鹰嘴豆溶栓活力(Y)对pH值(A)、发酵时间(B)、发酵温度(C)的二次回归模型:Y=1861.47-74.56A+305.50B-28.82C+203.66AB+30.82AC-18.16BC-244.11A2-203.68B2-70.64C2(R2=0.9981),模型的拟合程度良好,其中pH值、发酵时间、发酵温度对发酵鹰嘴豆的溶栓活力均有极显著的影响(P＜0.01),pH值与发酵时间的交互作用对发酵鹰嘴豆的溶栓活力也有极显著的影响(P＜0.01),pH值与发酵温度的交互作用对发酵鹰嘴豆的溶栓活力则表现出显著的影响(P＜0.05).固载纳豆菌发酵鹰嘴豆的最佳工艺条件为:在pH 6.5、发酵时间58.5h、发酵温度37.5℃的条件下进行发酵,得到的发酵鹰嘴豆的溶栓活力达1976.24IU/g,与理论预测值1989.13IU/g接近.采用响应面法优化固载纳豆菌发酵鹰嘴豆工艺溶栓活力良好,优化后的新工艺可在实际生产中推广应用,并作为新型溶栓保健功能食品大规模在市场上推广.

采用多相同时蒸馏萃取(SDE)法分别提取欧丁香鲜花和鲜叶香气,采用索氏提取法提取欧丁香鲜果实香气,通过气相色谱一质谱(GC-MS)法分别分析其香气组分,感官评价香气.研究结果表明欧丁香鲜花、叶和果实提取物中香气化合物以较低GC百分含量存在,如异佛尔酮等.欧丁香鲜叶精油的较佳采收期在6月.欧丁香鲜花、叶、果实的香气有差异.

To determine the best preparation process of red rice & lotus leaf & natto-chickpea (fermented chickpea) granules, and the quality standards of the prepared granules were also examined. The single factor tests combined with orthogonal experiments were used to optimize the preparation process of red rice & lotus leaf & natto-chickpea granules, and the following standard targets of the prepared granules such as the shape, regular degree and water content. The optimal preparation processes were: the proportion of raw materials and soluble starch was 2:1, the concentration of ethanol was 95% which was the wetting agent in the process, the ratio of red rice, water extract of lotus leaf and natto-chickpea was 2:2:1. After the quality standard examination, the granules of the indicators were in line with the requirements. The study for optimizing the preparation process of the red rice & lotus leaf &natto-chickpea granules is reasonable and reliable, and the prepared red rice & lotus leaf & natto-chickpea gran-ules can be used as a new thrombolytic health food which should be extended in application.

In the present investigation, the production parameters for the preparation of natto-pigeon pea with immobilized Bacillus natto were optimized and its sensory evaluations were analyzed. The optimal immobilization conditions for Bacillus natto were as follows: alginate concentration 7%, CaCl2 concentration 25%, concentration of bacteria 7.4 log cfu/mL and alginate bead diameter 5.0 mm. Fermentation parameters of natto-pigeon pea were optimized by single-factor experiments and central composite design with the index of fibrinolytic activity. The fibrinolytic activity of natto-pigeon pea reached 1895.05 +/- 0.24 IU/g under the optimal conditions: wet weight of beads with Bacillus natto 0.8 g/g material, ratio of liquid to solid 15: 1 mL/g, pH 6.5, temperature 38 degrees C and time 48 h. Moreover, the sensory evaluations of the natto-pigeon pea were superior to that of natto-soybean because of the advantages of pigeon pea on fermentation. Sensory results indicated that the method was an accepted procedure for the production of natto-pigeon pea.Industrial Relevance: Fermentation with immobilized microorganisms processing is an emerging technology for the production of functional and safe food with a higher efficiency and quality than conventional solid fermentation. Quantitative data on the fibrinolytic activity and sensory evaluations were essential to demonstrate that the process was indeed safe and efficient. The current work is one of the first to provide such data on natto-pigeon pea with immobilized Bacillus natto, which is of most importance for industrial scale applications as well as agricultural industry. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

In this study, an efficient and reliable Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated hairy root system in A. membranaceus was developed. An optimal transformation rate of 66.84 % was obtained after 13 days by inoculating A. rhizogenes LBA9402 onto 3-week-old leaf explants followed by a co-cultivation period of 2 days with acetosyringone (100 μM). Among eight representative A. membranaceus hairy root lines (AMHRL), AMHRL VI was found to be the lead line and confirmed by PCR amplification of rolB, rolC and aux1 genes. Culture parameters of AMHRL VI were systematically optimized by central composite design and slogistic kinetic models, and six main astragalosides (AG) were quail-quantitatively determined by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Under optimal conditions (inoculum size 1.54 %, culture temperature 27.8 °C, sucrose concentration 3.24 % and harvest time 36 days), A. membranaceus hairy root cultures (AMHRCs) in MS medium gave the optimal biomass production of 15.79 g/L dry weight (DW) with total AG accumulation of 2.657 mg/g DW. This yield was significantly superior to that of 3-year-old field grown roots (2.435 mg/g DW). Overall, this investigation provided the generation of a high-productive AMHRCs that is capable of augmentation production of AG, offering a promising and continuous product platform for naturally derived, high quality and valuable phytochemicals.

The reducing power and the scavenging activities against phenyl picryl hydrazine radical ( DPPH·) and hydroxyl radical (·OH ) of birch wood vinegar ( BWV ) , miscellaneous wood vinegar ( MWV ) , sawdust wood vinegar ( SWV ) , and distillated sawdust wood vinegar( DWV) were determined. The results showed that four kinds of wood vinegar had strong reducing power and the reducing power of sawdust wood vinegar was the strongest with the half effective concentration (EC50) of (1. 73 ± 0. 06) g/L. Wood vinegar could effectively scavenge DPPH·, and DPPH· scavenging activity of sawdust wood vinegar was the highest with the median inhibitory concentration (IC50) of (0. 20 ± 0. 01) g/L. Wood vinegar showed relatively weak·OH scavenging ability, except the IC50 of sawdust wood vinegar was (9. 69 ± 0. 20) g/L, the·OH scavenging rates of the other three kinds of wood vinegar couldn′t reach 50%.

The aim was to prepare a health food for exploiting stevioside resources.With hazel,stevioside as the main raw materials,on the comparison of orthogonal test,a mellow and sweet hazelnut stevioside was prepared.Results showed that the stevioside dosage was the main factor affecting the product quality,the best formula was:hazelnut 8 g,stevioside 0.03 g,polydextrose 56 g,xylitol 8.0 g,malic acid 0.055 g.The products were bright color,smooth surface,complete bulk shape,and had this kind of product peculiar taste and smell,which were suitable for people with diabetes.

The research status of wood vinegar polyphenol was summarized from the perspective of wood vinegar phenol components, wood vinegar polyphenol extraction and bioactivity, based on the early statistics of wood vinegar organic acids composition. The pyrolysis temperature has an effect on wood vinegar total phenol concentration. Wood vinegar polyphenol can be obtained with the pH value of extraction gradient separation method. Wood vinegar polyphenol were mainly catechol, methyl catechol, phloroglucinol and other polyphenol compounds. Wood vinegar polyphenols have antioxidant activities, and had development value in the field of medicine, food and cosmetics.

[Objective] Antibacterial and antioxidant activities composition of essential oil in leaves of Betula platyphylla were studied to provide basic data for processing and utilization of wood vinegar,essential oil and other natural plant products of B. platyphylla with high added value. [Method] Essential oil in leaves of B. platyphylla was extracted by multiphase simultaneous distillation extraction( SDE) method with leaves of B. platyphylla as raw materials. Antibacterial and antioxidant activities of essential oil in leaves of B. platyphylla were studied,and their volatile chemical composition were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry( GC-MS) method. [Result] The research results show that Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli are inhibited by essential oil in leaves of B. platyphylla,diameter of inhibition zone is( 11. 90 ± 2. 17) mm and( 9. 01 ± 1. 31) mm respectively; Essential oil in leaves of B. platyphylla has good scavenging activity on hydroxy radical,its EC50( concentration for 50% of maximal effect,EC50) is 2. 294 mg/ml; Essential oil in leaves of B. platyphylla is mainly composed of alkanes,esters,ketones,phenols,alcohols,aldehydes,and other compounds. The highest GC content compound is undecane( 58. 02%). [Conclusion]Essential oil in leaves of B. platyphylla has potential value in the antibacterial and antioxidant products deep processing field.

A new method of enhanced extraction genistein from pigeon pea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] roots with the biotransformation of immobilized edible Aspergillus oryzae and Monacus anka, was investigated. It showed that immobilized Aspergillus oryzae and Monacus anka on sodium alginate effectively supported the highest genistein extraction yield by screening microorganism tests. After biotransformation process with immobilized Aspergillus oryzae and Monacus anka under 30 degrees C, pH 6.0, 2 days, liquid-solid ratio 12: 1 (mL/g), the extraction yield of genistein reached 1.877 mg/g, which was 2.65-fold to that of normal extraction yield. Moreover, IC50 values of the extracts measured by DPPH-radical scavenging test and beta-Carotene-linoleic acid bleaching test were 0.737 mg/mL and 0.173 mg/mL (control sample 1.117 mg/mL and 0.216 mg/mL), respectively. SOD (Super Oxygen Dehydrogenises) activity of the extracts treated with immobilized microorganism which was stronger than that of the untreated pigon pea roots (1.44 U/mg) at the concentration of protein (0.9375 mu g/mL) was 1.83 U/mg. The developed method could be an alternative method for the enhanced extraction of genistein from plants and could be potentially applied in the food industry (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Lignin can be used as a cheap natural raw material to prepare organic aerogels based upon gelation and supercritical drying in ethanol. The aerogels were prepared from a mixture of the raw materials with lignin (L), resorcinol (R), and formaldehyde (F), followed by a reaction catalyzed by NaOH(C). The effect of the preparation conditions, such as the LRF concentration, the mass ratio of LR to NaOH (LR/C), the mole ratio of LR to F (LR/F), and the gelation temperature, on the gelation ability and the bulk density were studied. The results showed that the density of LRF aerogels increased with increasing reactant concentration and catalyst content. The microstructure of the porous carbon aerogels was investigated by SEM and TEM. The specific surface area and pore size distribution of LRF and RF aerogels were studied by nitrogen adsorption-desorption analysis. The pore width of LRF aerogels ranged from 1 nm to 100 nm. Most of the pores were about 50 nm wide, as is typical for mesoporous materials.

Seminal morphological characteristics and constituents of Pinus koraiensis Sieb.et Zucc.seeds from Changbai Moutain and Xiaoxing′anling areas were studied.Results show that there are no siginificant difference among morphological characteristics of seed in two areas.The thousand seed mass was higher in Changbai Moutain,and kernel ratio of seed was higher in Xiaoxing′anling.The ash content was the same in these two areas.The least moisture content was 1.85 % in Xiaoxing′anling and 3.75 % in Changbai Moutain respectively.The oil content was 68.45 % in Xiaoxing′anling and all content beyond 65 % in these two areas.The protein content in Xiaoxing′anling was higher than that in Changbai Moutain.It was seen that in pine seed,not only amino acids and trace elements,but also contents of glutamic acid,aspartic acid,arginine,magnesium,zinc,manganese and other trace elements were high.Total amino acid content in Xiaoxing′anling was the highest,trace elements had little difference.The nutrient contents were rich in pine seed,as well.The results showed that the pine seeds from two areas in both morphology and constituents had no significant difference.