Dysregulated cellular ferrous ion (Fe2+) levels lead to various diseases. Despite existing Fe2+ detection methods, achieving sensors with simultaneous high sensitivity, selectivity, and rapid response via rational design remains challenging. To address this, a coordination competition strategy was proposed to construct phenanthroline-modified lanthanide metal-organic frameworks (Phen-Ln-MOFs). This approach leverages Phen's preferential coordination affinity for Fe2+ over Ln(3+) ions, enabling colorimetric-fluorescent dual-mode Fe2+ recognition. The optimized TFP-1 sensor exhibits exceptional selectivity and real-time sensing ability for Fe2+, demonstrated by luminescence quenching with a record-low detection limit (LOD) of 1 nM and a distinct colorless-to-brick-red chromatic transition. Crucially, TFP-1 maintains high precision (RSD <7.07%) with a low LOD of 100 nM in complex biological matrices like artificial urine, highlighting its clinical and environmental monitoring potential. This strategy proves generalizable across diverse Phen-Ln-MOF systems, and establishes a robust platform for highly selective and sensitive dual-mode Fe2+ detection.

To solve the problems of severe volume changes, poor mechanical stability, and slow reaction kinetics of metal sulfides as high-capacity electrodes for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The hetero-structured Co9S8/Ni3S2 nano-particles embedded in carbon nanofibers (Co9S8/Ni3S2/CNFs) composite, acting as the flexible self-supporting film, was prepared in situ using a combination of electrospinning and heat treatment. The Co9S8/Ni3S2 heterostructures would increase interface defects, provide more electroactive sites, and improve the reaction kinetics of electrodes. Meanwhile, CNFs could not only improve the conductivity of electrodes, but also stabilize the electrode structure. In addition, the formation of a three-dimensional network structure increases the contact area with the electrolyte and shortens the ion transport distance. Combined with experimental characterization, electrochemical testing, and density functional theory (DFT) calculation, the excellent performance of Co9S8/ Ni3S2 heterostructures is revealed. When directly applied as anodes for LIBs, the Co9S8/Ni3S2/CNFs electrode exhibits a high discharge capacity of 735.0 mAh g-1 at a current density of 200 mA g-1 for 150 cycles. And after 300th cycle at 1000 and 2000 mA g-1, there are still discharge capacities of 469.5 and 297.0 mAh g-1, respectively. Especially, at the high current density of 5000 mA g-1, a reversible discharge capacity of 202.5 mAh g-1 assembled pouch battery can still work safely and normally under multiple static and dynamic repeated bending. This work provides new strategies to design high-performance metal sulfides electrodes for the future energy storage and the flexible devices. can be retained after 1000 cycles. In addition, utilizing the flexibility of Co9S8/Ni3S2/CNFs composite, the

To address the issues of severe volume expansion, poor mechanical stability, and sluggish reaction kinetics in high-capacity copper sulfide CuS anodes for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) during charge-discharge processes, the coral-like CuS@C composite with core-shell nanostructure was successfully prepared via a facile one-step hydrothermal method. The nanoscale CuS particles significantly increased the specific surface area, shortened the electron transport path, and created abundant active sites for lithium storage, thereby facilitating the rapid lithium diffusion. Meanwhile, the carbon coating served as an excellent buffer material, effectively accommodating volume changes, stabilizing the electrode structure, and enhancing the overall electronic conductivity of the electrode. Additionally, the carbon coating effectively inhibited the agglomeration of CuS nanoparticles, providing more active sites for lithium ion insertion. Benefiting from the synergistic effect between carbon and CuS nanoparticles, the CuS@C composite demonstrated outstanding electrochemical performance, maintaining a high specific capacity of 786.6 mAh g- 1 after 200 cycles at a current density of 200 mA g- 1. Moreover, under varying current densities of 5000 and 2000 mA g- 1, the electrode retained a capacity of 495.9 mAh g- 1 after 1000 cycles, showcasing exceptional cycling stability and rate performance. This core-shell structural design and straightforward synthesis method can be extended to the preparation of other metal sulfides, offering more options for improving metal sulfide anodes of LIBs.

Chiral enantiomers, particularly amino acids, frequently display distinct physiological activities and biological functions. Consequently, it is crucial to distinguish their absolute conformations. Herein, a pair of chiral sensors, UiO-L-Pro and UiO-D-Pro, were obtained by immobilizing the chiral center L-proline (L-Pro) and D-proline (D- Pro) into a Zr-based metal-organic framework (MOF) via a condensation reaction. Fluorescence analyses revealed a notable difference in the enhancement of fluorescence intensity between UiO-L-Pro and UiO-D-Pro when treated with L-phenylalanine (L-Phe) or D-phenylalanine (D-Phe), demonstrating enantioselective luminescence properties. Differences based on hydrogen bond interaction give them significant enantioselectivity factors alpha. The enantioselectivity factors alpha (alpha = KBH(D-Phe)/KBH(L-Phe)) for UiO-L-Pro and UiO-D-Pro were 4.15 and 0.47, respectively. Thus, the chiral material could be employed to identify different configurations of phenylalanine.

To meet the future development of high‐performance aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) with high energy density, low cost, and excellent cycle stability, an innovative strategy is developed to treat diamond residue graphite and integrate nanostructured MnO 2 onto its surface via simple hydrothermal and heat treatment methods. In the MnO 2 @MG composite, the presence of modified graphite (MG) restricts the degree of freedom of MnO 2 growth, resulting in the formation of smaller MnO 2 structures and avoiding the accumulation and aggregation of MnO 2 , which helps to improve the interface charge transport of composite electrodes. Meanwhile, the MG could effectively slow the structural collapse of MnO 2 during charging/discharging and improve the conductivity of MnO 2 . Based on the synergistic core–shell structure, the AZIBs employing MnO 2 @MG exhibit superior capacity (332.0 mA h g −1 at 100 mA g −1 over 300 cycles), excellent rate capabilities (208.1 mA h g −1 at 500 mA g −1 ), and outstanding cycling performance (48.1% capacity retention after 2000 cycles) at high current density. This work demonstrates the successful and large‐scale conversion of industrial diamond residue graphite into a high‐performance cathode of AZIBs.

Silicon has been the most ideal candidate anode material for high-capacity lithium-ion batteries owing to its higher theoretical capacity, relatively low potential, and rich resources. Unfortunately, the significant volume expansion (300

锡基双金属氧化物作为锂离子电池负极材料因具有高的理论比容量、嵌脱锂电位适中、储量丰富、价格低廉、安全性高以及环保等优点,已经受到了广泛的关注.本研究采用一步原位水热法制备了碳包覆的ZnSnO3复合材料(ZnSnO3/C).利用扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、X射线衍射、拉曼光谱、X射线光电子能谱分析和恒流充放电测试等一系列表征测试方法对材料的微观形貌、物相组成、结构和电化学性能进行分析.电化学测试结果表明:当作为锂离子电池负极材料时,ZnSnO3/C复合电极的储锂性能优于纯ZnSnO3电极.在200 mA·g-1电流密度下,ZnSnO3/C复合电极经200次循环后可逆容量可达1274.9 mA·h·g-1,即使在大电流5000 mA·g-1下经500次循环仍然提供663.2 mA·h·g-1的放电比容量,同时也表现出卓越的倍率性能.优异的储量性能归因于ZnSnO3/C复合材料中具有高电导率的C不仅提高了整个电极的导电性,有利于电子的传输,而且增大了电解液与活性材料之间的接触面积,缩短了锂离子的扩散距离;同时碳包覆层可有效缓冲ZnSnO3在嵌脱锂过程中由于体积变化产生的应力,也能在一定程度上抑制ZnSnO3在循环过程中的团聚.

Two new isostructural lanthanide(III)-metal organic frameworks (Ln-MOFs), namely [Ln2(FDA)3(TMS)2(H2O)2]& sdot;H2O (Ln = Eu 1 and Tb 2, H2FDA = 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid, TMS = tetramethylene sulfone), have been synthesized and characterized. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that both Ln-MOFs exhibit three-dimensional structures crystallizing in the monoclinic C2/c space group. Luminescent sensing studies indicate that 1 and 2 possess commendable capabilities for detecting Fe3+ and Cr3+, with low detection limits of 20.00 nM and 43.41 nM for 1 and 66.10 nM and 0.37 mu M for 2, respectively. Furthermore, the investigation into the mechanism revealed the quenching of Fe3+ can be ascribed to the dual effects of inner filter effect (IFE) and the static quenching. Conversely, the dynamic quenching mechanism has played a predominant role during the sensing process of Cr3+.

Being one of the ternary metal oxides, different zinc stannate (ZnSnO3) nanostructures, including nanoparticles, nanowires, nanocubes, and nanosheets, have been synthesized and investigated for various applications, such as catalysts, phonics, sensors, piezoelectric, pyroelectric, and lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The ZnSnO3 has received immense attention as potential anode materials for LIBs due to their high theoretical specific capacity, moderate intercalation and delithiation potential, abundant reserves, low cost, high safety, and environmental protection. In this study, a carbon-coated ZnSnO3 composite (ZnSnO3/C) was prepared using a one-step in situ hydrothermal method with glucose as a carbon source. The microscopic morphology of the as-prepared materials was observed using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. X-ray diffraction, Raman spectra, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to analyze the phase composition and structure of the composite. The electrochemical properties were investigated through constant charge–discharge tests, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. When used as anode materials of LIBs, the prepared ZnSnO3/C composite electrode exhibited excellent lithium storage performance with an improved cycling performance and high capacities. A specific capacity value of 1274.9 mA·h·g−1 for ZnSnO3/C composite is much higher than that of pure ZnSnO3 electrode (491 mA·h·g−1) after 200 cycles at a current density of 200 mA·g−1. The ZnSnO3/C electrode retained a discharge capacity of 663.2 mA·h·g−1 even after 500 cycles at a high current density of 5000 mA·g−1, exhibiting excellent rate capability. Such remarkable electrochemical properties of the ZnSnO3/C composite are preferable to those of complex and costly ZnSnO3-based composites reported previously. The superior lithium storage performance of the ZnSnO3/C composite is attributed to the synergistic effect between the carbon coating on the surface and ZnSnO3 nanoparticles. Moreover, the composite exhibits the following attributes: (1) High conductivity of the carbon in the ZnSnO3/C composite can considerably enhance the conductivity of the electrode for facilitating electron transmissions. (2) The structure of nanoparticles can reduce the diffusion distance of Li+ and provide a large electrode-electrolyte contact area for high Li+ flux across the interface, leading to a high reversible specific capacity. (3) The ZnSnO3 nanoparticles and flexible carbon layer can generate a double buffering structure to retard the huge volume expansion of active materials during repeated charge–discharge cycles. (4) More importantly, the carbon coating layer can avoid side reactions by preventing direct contact between the ZnSnO3 hollow cubes and electrolytes and inhibiting the agglomeration of ZnSnO3 during the cycling process. Thus, this research may provide a new avenue for synthesizing bimetal oxide with a core–shell structure for high-performance energy storage materials, considering the simple principles involved in its preparation.

随着电子产品、电动汽车以及智能电网的快速发展,不仅需要锂离子电池(LIBs)具有优异的储锂性能,而且要求电极材料成本低廉、资源丰富和绿色环保.基于碳负极材料的优点,将废弃的一次性竹筷,在碱性溶液中经过可控的热处理,利用竹子中丰富的天然纤维素,从而获得尺寸均匀的碳纤维(CFs)材料.相比于石墨电极,竹基CFs作为LIBs的负极材料时表现出优异的电化学性能.为进一步提高其储锂性能,以CFs为骨架,通过水热法在其表面制备了一层二硫化钼(MoS2)纳米花,形成核壳结构的CFs/MoS2复合电极材料.电化学测试结果表明,CFs电极在200 mA/g的电流密度下循环500次,放电比容量仍有381.1 mA·h/g;CFs/MoS2复合材料在1000 mA/g的大电流密度下经过1000次循环,仍保持有843 mA·h/g的放电比容量.

Hierarchical ZnFe2O4 hollow microspheres constructed with plentiful nanosheets, assembled with nanoparticles as the primary building blocks, were facilely fabricated via a solvothermal and followed calcination process. Stemming from the unique hollow microsphere structure and nanoparticles that cannot only endure the volumetric variations, but also increase the interfacial contact area between the electrode material and electrolyte, improving the transmission rate of electrons and lithium ions upon the charge/discharge process, the as-prepared ZnFe2O4 anode materials for lithium-ion batteries possessed the excellent electrochemical properties, superior rate capability, and long cycle life, delivering a high reversible discharge capacity of 1293.8 mAh g−1 after 150 cycles at 200 mA g−1 and a specific discharge capacity of 519.0 mAh g−1, even at the high current density of 2000 mA g−1 after 500 cycles. These findings revealed that the prepared hierarchical ZnFe2O4 hollow microsphere is a promising electrode material for high-performance electrochemical energy storage.

为了提高MoS 2 作为Li离子电池负极材料整体的导电性和稳定性,将纳米化的MoS 2 与其它导电性好的材料进行复合,通过水热法在导电基底不锈钢网（Stainless steel net, SS）上原位合成了一层MoS 2 纳米花,制备了无粘结剂的自支撑结构的SS@MoS 2 负极材料。纳米花状的MoS 2 和导电性优异的SS提高了电子和Li离子的扩散速率,同时改善了电极的反应动力学。当作为Li离子电池负极材料时,SS@MoS 2 电极表现出优异的储Li性能,特别是具有显著的大倍率充放电性能,即在1 000 mA/g的大电流密度下循环600次,比容量仍保持在862.1 mA·h/g。

Si是一种很有前途的Li离子电池负极材料.为解决其巨大体积形变导致的容量衰退快、循环寿命短等问题,采用简单的搅拌和热还原,利用聚乙二醇衍生的薄碳修饰Si纳米颗粒(C-PEG@SiNPs),并通过石墨烯的桥联来制备具有多级包覆结构的石墨烯桥联C-PEG包覆的Si纳米颗粒(graphene@C-PEG@SiNPs)复合材料.利用SEM、TEM、X射线衍射、恒流充放电测试等一系列表征测试方法对材料结构、物相和电化学性能进行分析.C-PEG与石墨烯涂层可有效地减小Li离子储存过程中Si对电解质的暴露面积并缓解其体积膨胀.研究结果表明,相比纯Si,graphene@C-PEG@SiNPs复合材料表现出优异的电化学性能,在210 mA/g的电流密度下,经过100次循环可逆比容量仍高达1 032 mA·h/g,电极在4 200 mA/g的大电流密度下循环100次,其比容量仍保持在430mA·h/g以上.

针对化工专业物理化学教学中存在问题,提出建立、解析思维导图的解决办法,并以热力学三大定律和电化学知识体系的思维导图为例,介绍了建立过程及思想,在提高教学效果同时,可以培养学生归纳总结的学习习惯及逻辑思维能力.

Metal sulfides possess great potential for high-performance rechargeable lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). In this work, Bi2S3 with a lemongrass-like morphology was successfully synthesized via a facile solvothermal growth, followed by subsequent calcination. When employed as an anode material in lithium-ion batteries, the Bi2S3 showed a high reversible capacity, a better cycling stability, and a superior rate performance. A reversible capacity of 686 mAh g−1 was obtained at a current density of 200 mA g−1 after 150 cycles. When the current density was increased to 2000 mA g−1, Bi2S3 could deliver a capacity of more than 400 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles. This excellent electrochemical performance could be attributed to the featured structure of lemongrass-like Bi2S3, which can accommodate volume changes, shorten the ionic diffusion path, and enlarge the material/electrolyte contact area.

根据许昌学院近年来在新能源材料与器件综合实验课程设置与实践方面的经验积累,提出了以应用为主线,实践于新能源材料的制备、表征、器件组装以及性能测试的综合实验课程体系.该课程主要内容有锂离子电池、超级电容器、太阳能电池等新能源材料与器件.本文根据学院实验课程的教学经验,对新能源材料与器件专业的综合实验课程设置与实践进行探讨.

Three-dimensional interconnected Ni3S2 nanosheets were successfully synthesized on Ni foam by in-situ growth method. The components, crystal structure and morphology were characterized by X-ray diffraction ( XRD) , scanning electron microscopy ( SEM) and transmission electron microscopy ( TEM) , respectively.The obtained Ni3S2 nanosheets on Ni foam were directly used as an anode for lithium-ion batteries without using any binder or conducting additive traditionally. The anodes showed the high reversible capacity, good cycle stability and superior rate capability. A reversible capacity of up to 850 m Ah/g was obtained after 80 cycles at a current density of 500 m A/g.