In the present study, the complete mitochondrial genome of Pycanum ochraceum was identified for the first time. The entire genome is 17,198 bp in length with 73.6% A + T content. It contains 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), 2 ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs), 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs) and 1 noncoding control region (D-loop). Phylogenetic analysis showed that Tessaratomidae bugs are monophyletic. This study can provide essential DNA molecular data for further phylogenetic and evolutionary analysis for Heteroptera.

The long-armed scarab Cheirotonus gestroi is an endangered large insect in southwestern China and neighboring countries. Herein, we present the first complete mitochondrial genome of C. gestroi. The 16,899 bp long circular genome consists of 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes, and a non-coding control region. Phylogenetic analysis showed that C. gestroi shared the closest evolutionary relationship with C. jansoni and that Scarabaeidae and Lucanidae were correctly identified within superfamily Scarabaeoidea. The complete mitogenome sequence will provide a basis for further phylogenetic studies and conservation genetics of the genus Cheirotonus.

The long-armed scarab (Cheirotonus gestroi) is an endangered large insect in southwestern China and neighboring countries; however, limited information is available regarding its population genetics, hindering conservation efforts. Therefore, we investigated the population genetic structure and evolutionary history of C. gestroi in southwestern China. Twenty-five haplotypes were obtained from 47 specimens across five populations. The Dawei Mountain (DWS) population differed from other populations by a high genetic distance. Population structure analysis generated three distinct clades, corresponding to Hengduan Mountains (HM), Ailao Mountains (AM), and Dawei Mountains (DM), and high-level genetic diversity was found in two HM populations. Collectively, the strong genetic differentiation among populations might be due to limited gene flow, geographical isolation, and habitat fragmentation. Therefore, while developing a conservation strategy, HM, AM, and DM groups should be defined as separate management units. Additionally, the DWS population should be given priority protection due to its uniqueness and low genetic diversity.